Chapter 3 Section II: Atmospheric Effects

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Chapter 3 Section II Atmospheric Effects

• A. Water vapor

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A. Water vapor

• Most water vapor is evaporated from the oceans

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A. Water vapor

• Water vapor also comes from lakes, plants,
• and the soil

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A. Water vapor

• Water vapor is an element of clouds, rain,
• and storms

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A. Water vapor

• Humidity measure of the amount of water
• vapor in the air

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A. Water vapor

• Condensation is seen in the formation of
• clouds, fog, and dew

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A. Water vapor

• Large drops of condensation fall as
• precipitation

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A. Water vapor

• There are four forms of precipitation - rain,
• snow, sleet, and hail

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B. Storms

• Storms occur when energy stored in water
• vapor is released

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B. Storms

• There are several kinds of storms
• Hurricanes or typhoons - violent winds, heavy
  rain, and high seas

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B. Storms

• Tornadoes the most violent of storms

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B. Storms

• Thunderstorms the most common type of
• storm

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C. Elevation affects temperature

• An increase in
• elevation causes
• a lowering of the
• temperature

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The orographic effect

• Moist air from the ocean meets a mountain
  barrier and is forced to rise

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The orographic effect

• The windward side of a mountain receives a great
  deal of moisture

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The orographic effect

• The leeward side warms and becomes drier

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The orographic effect

• Deserts form on the leeward side known
• as the rain-shadow effect

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A. Factors affecting climate
III. GLOBAL CLIMATES

• Temperature and precipitation differences
• are a major factor

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A. Factors affecting climate

• Physical situation - continental or maritime
• location

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A. Factors affecting climate

• Elevation also affects climate

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B. Climate regions

• 1. Low-latitude climates

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1. Low-latitude climates

• Wet, hot areas located near the equator
• have a humid-tropical climate that is ideal
• for plant growth

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1. Low-latitude climates

• A tropical-savanna climate is on either side
• of the humid-tropical climate

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1. Low-latitude climates

• There are two types of dry climates
• Arid desert climate
• Semiarid steppe climate

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1. Low-latitude climates

• Most desert climate areas are centered at about
  30 N and S of the equator

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1. Low-latitude climates

• The semiarid steppe climate is an area
• between arid deserts and humid climates

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1. Low-latitude climates

• A steppe is an area of short-grass vegetation -
  trees are rare except along riverbanks

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2. Middle-latitude climates

• Include Mediterranean, Humid-subtropical,
  Marine-west-coast, and Humid-continental climates
  

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3. High-latitude climates

• Include Subarctic, Tundra, and Polar Ice-cap
  climates

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3. Highland climates

• Highland climates have a variety of climatic
  characteristics because of different elevations

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Homework Chapter 3 Review page 33 Building a
Vocabulary 1-4 Recalling and reviewing
1-4 Thinking Critically 1-2