The Art of Second Presbyterian Church

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The Art of Second Presbyterian Church
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• The Art of Second Presbyterian Church,
• Indianapolis, Indiana
• Presentation compiled by Linda Rinker, February
  2002 -- ?? A work
• in progress. (Unless noted otherwise,
  photographs and drawings are by Linda Rinker.)
• When we worship God at Second Church, we are
  surrounded by highly symbolic works of art that
  point our minds and our hearts toward our Creator
  and Savior. Beautiful in themselves, these works
  are an inherent part of community worship,
  inspiring and enhancing our appreciation of the
  glory of God.
• Because of its creative nature, art is truly a
  reflection of Gods creative spirit. Through the
  creation and the perception of beauty, we praise
  and celebrate the creative power of God. Art is,
  in this, respect, an aspect of worship.
• Whatever is true, whatever is honorable, whatever
  is right, whatever is pure, whatever is lovely,
  whatever is of good repute, if there is any
  excellence and if anything worthy of praise,
  dwell on these things. Philippians 48

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Buildings and Architecture of Second Presbyterian
Church
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Church on the Circle 1840-1867
Model by Steve Sturtz

• Part of the art of any church is its
  architecture.
• This building, on the NW quadrant of Monument
  Circle, was a sort of Reformed interpretation of
  the wonderful churches of Sir Christopher Wren
  built some century and a half earlier, after the
  Great Fire of London in 1666. It was simpler
  than most of Wrens creations, befitting the
  Reformed taste for plainness, but the tower and
  columns still suggest Wren.
• This was actually the second building to house
  Second Presbyterian the church had rapidly
  outgrown its first small home in the Marion
  County Seminary, and it quickly outgrew this one.

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Vermont Street Church 1870-1959
Model by Steve Sturtz

• Gothic elements entered into the next building,
  on the NW corner of Vermont and Pennsylvania.
• The lancet windows on the south side of the
  church housed the Ascension Window, now installed
  in the chancel of the Meridian Street church.

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Second Presbyterian Church at Vermont and
Pennsylvania Note cramped quarters with the War
Memorial and First Baptist Church.
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The Vermont Street Church (note small lancet
windows)

• Very early view of the Vermont Street church,
  showing the two additional windows of the
  Ascension window, below the five main lancets.
• These two windows, which were at the back of the
  church, later became covered up with ivy and
  bushes, and the lack of light made them
  unnoticeable from inside. They were sold to
  members of the congregation when the building was
  closed.
• Photo from Second Presbyterian archives.

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Another view of the old church, with lower
windows blocked. Photo from Second Presbyterian
archives.
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The Church on North Meridian 1959-Present
Church where the sacraments are rightly
administered and the Word of God rightly
preached. The Indiana limestone of the church has
both majesty and warmth, fitting for a house of
God.
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The Second Presbyterian Church building was
designed in the style of a French Gothic
cathedral. French Gothic elements can be found
in the pointed arches of the church, the spire,
the stone carvings, the shape and style of
windows and doors, and the stained glass.
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Traditional Floor Plan of a Gothic Church

• The very shape of a Gothic cathedral is symbolic,
  the form of a cross.
• We have neither transepts nor apse, but otherwise
  the structure of Seconds sanctuary is basically
  Gothic.

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Second Presbyterian Church and Ste. Chapelle,
Paris
Ste. Chapelle, Paris Photo by Celia Mark Booher.
Second Presbyterian Church
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Ste. Chapelle, Paris Photo by Celia Mark Booher.
Second Presbyterian Church
Built by Louis IX in 1243-48 to house relics,
Ste. Chapelle has often been cited as the model
for Second Presbyterian. Ste. Chapelle has a
fleche (arrow) spire that is probably the
inspiration for Seconds spire. However, Ste.
Chapelle is not a cathedral but a chapel and is
different in form from Second.
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The interior of Ste. Chapelle is all light and
color from the windows. Nevertheless, in the
shape of the windows and the stone tracery that
crowns them, the form of the rose window, and the
general style of the front, Seconds architecture
suggests Ste. Chapelles. Photos by Celia
Mark Booher.
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Second Presbyterian Stonework
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The Spire of Second Presbyterian Church

• The spire has long been used as a symbol for the
  church.

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Second Presbyterian Church in Spring
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Front at Night
The church at night is beautifully lighted,
emphasizing its architectural beauty.
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Towers and Rose Window at Night
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East View at Night
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Towers
Note the trefoils, symbolizing the Trinity, in
the architecture of the towers.
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The Unnamed Reformer (South Entrance)

• The figure over the great south doors to the
  church is intended to represent the spirit of the
  Reformation.
• It does not depict a particular person and is
  properly referred to as the Reformer or the
  Unnamed Reformer.

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The Chapel Angels (Chapel Entrance)
Two stonework angels guard the south entrance
near the chapel. The angel on the left holds a
candle, symbolic of the light of Christ, with the
right hand raised in a sign of peace. The angel
on the right holds a bible with a Celtic cross,
symbolic of the Word of God.
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Old North Entrance and Courtyard
Several additions to the original church
building have been made. The education wing was
added in 1967, and the east and west wings, seen
here, were added in 1988. Until the construction
of the latest addition began in 2005, a courtyard
lined with French lilac trees lay between the
east and west wings.
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The Old North Entrance at Sunset
Until the construction of the latest addition
began in 2005, the north entrance to the church
featured a stately portico leading from the
parking lot to the double entry.
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A Brief Guide to Some Important Christian Symbols
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Symbols Representing the Holy Trinity
THREE INTER-WOVEN CIRCLES
EQUILATERAL TRIANGLE
TREFOIL
FLEUR-DE-LIS
TRIQUETRA
These are all symbols having three parts, hence
their use to represent the Trinity. The three
interwoven circles emphasize the eternal nature
of the Trinity, since the circle symbolizes
eternity. Flowers, including the fleur-de-lis,
symbolize resurrection. The lilies used for
Easter and funerals are symbolic of both the
Resurrection and the Trinity.
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Symbols Representing Jesus, the Christ
CRYPTIC FISH
TITLE
BURNING HEART
FISH

• INRI The title Pilate had placed at the top of
  the cross Iesus Nazarenus Rex Iudaeorum (Jesus
  of Nazareth, King of the Jews)
• Fish The fish was an early symbol for Christ.
  The Greek work for fish, ichthus, is an acronym
  for Jesus Christ, Son of God, Savior in Greek.
  We, little fishes, after the image of our
  Ichthys, Jesus Christ, are born in the water.
  (Tertullian, born c. C.E. 160, writing about
  baptism)
• Cryptic Fish This line drawing was a sign by
  which early Christians identified themselves to
  one another secretly in times of persecution. It
  is still in use.
• Heart The burning heart denotes love Christs
  love for us, and ours for him. After the Emmaus
  pilgrims recognized the risen Christ, They said
  to each other, Were not our hearts burning
  within us while he was talking to us on the road,
  while he was opening the scriptures to us?
  (Luke 2432)

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Symbols Representing Jesus, the Christ
MONOGRAM
POMEGRANATE
PASSION FLOWER
ROSE
CHI RHO

• Pomegranate With seeds bursting forth,
  represents the resurrection. From the ancient
  myth of Persephone and the annual return of
  spring when she emerges from death adapted by
  Christians.
• Passion Flower Represents the suffering of
  Jesus. Ten sepals and petals ten faithful
  apostles (not Judas, Peter). Five stamens five
  wounds. Three styles three nails. Corona
  crown of thorns. Leaf spear. Tendrils
  cords.
• Rose Represents the nativity of Christ. In
  Catholic symbolism, represents the Virgin Mary.
• IHC or IHS The first three letters of Jesus in
  Greek. A monogram the most common Christogram
  (abbreviation for Jesus Christ used as a symbol)
  in Western Christianity.
• Chi Rho The first two letters of Christ in
  Greek the most common Christogram in Eastern
  Christianity.

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Symbols Representing Jesus, the Christ The Agnus
Dei (Lamb of God)
LAMB TRIUMPHANT
SUFFERING LAMB
LAMB ENTHRONED

• The Agnus Dei (Lamb of God) appears in three
  different forms
• Lamb Enthroned (Christ as judge, with book and,
  usually, seven seals see the center of the rose
  window)
• Now I saw when the Lamb opened one of the seven
  seals, and I heard one of the four living
  creatures say, as with a voice of thunder,
  "Come! Then the kings of the earth and the
  great men and the generals and the rich and the
  strong, and every one, slave and free, hid in the
  caves and among the rocks of the mountains,
  calling to the mountains and rocks, "Fall on us
  and hide us from the face of him who is seated on
  the throne, and from the wrath of the Lamb for
  the great day of their wrath has come, and who
  can stand before it?" (Revelation 61, 15-17)
• Lamb Triumphant (with cross and banner see
  etched glass in Chapel door or communion table)
• They will make war on the Lamb, and the Lamb
  will conquer them, for he is Lord of lords and
  King of kings, and those with him are called and
  chosen and faithful. (Revelation 1714)
• Suffering Lamb (with cross, often in the shape of
  a sword)
• The next day he saw Jesus coming toward him, and
  said, "Behold, the Lamb of God, who takes away
  the sin of the world! (John 129) See also
  Revelation 56-14.

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Symbols Representing the Holy Spirit
DESCENDING DOVE
SEVENFOLD FLAME

• The traditional symbols of the Holy Spirit are
  the descending dove and the flame. The sevenfold
  flame is particularly symbolic of Pentecost, and
  the seven tongues of flame are sometimes
  considered to represent the seven gifts of the
  Holy Spirit (though Paul lists more than seven).
• In those days Jesus came from Nazareth of Galilee
  and was baptized by John in the Jordan. And just
  as he was coming up out of the water, he saw the
  heavens torn apart and the Spirit descending like
  a dove on him. And a voice came from heaven,
  "You are my Son, the Beloved with you I am well
  pleased. (Mark 19-11)
• When the day of Pentecost had come, they were all
  together in one place. And suddenly from heaven
  there came a sound like the rush of a violent
  wind, and it filled the entire house where they
  were sitting. Divided tongues, as of fire,
  appeared among them, and a tongue rested on each
  of them. All of them were filled with the Holy
  Spirit and began to speak in other languages, as
  the Spirit gave them ability. (Acts 21-4)

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Some of the Many Types of Crosses

• Anchor symbol of hope (Hebrews 619)
• Ankh Egyptian hieroglyphic symbol for life,
  adopted by Coptic church
• Budded trefoil ends represent Trinity
• Celtic very ancient circle represents
  eternity used in the Presbyterian church
• Crosslet four Latin crosses joined a
  missionary cross representing the spread of
  Christianity
• Crucifix with the body of Christ affixed
• Eastern Orthodox extra bars represent
  inscription, footrest
• Graded or Calvary three steps stand for faith,
  hope, and love
• Greek one of the oldest crosses
• Jerusalem four Tau crosses joined represent OT
  law four small crosses in corners represent
  fulfillment of law in Christ (gospels). Five
  crosses also said to represent five wounds of
  Christ. Used by Crusaders and today often
  purchased by those making pilgrimages to
  Jerusalem.

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Some of the Many Types of Crosses

• Latin most common and familiar form
• Lorraine ancient French heraldic symbol used by
  Joan of Arc and the WWII French Resistance.
• Maltese eight points represent eight Beatitudes
• Passion points represent suffering of Christ
• Patee like Maltese, but curved
• Patriarchal top crosspiece represents
  inscription used in Eastern church primarily
• Saltire St. Andrews cross legend says he felt
  unworthy to be crucified like Christ and asked
  for a different cross
• Tau Greek letter tau perhaps used cryptically
  by early Christians
• Taize in the shape of a dove

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Common Symbols for the Evangelists, Paul, and
Stephen, the First Martyr
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Common Symbols for the Apostles

• These are the most common symbols for the
  apostles there are many others.
• These are the names of the twelve apostles
  first, Simon, also known as Peter, and his
  brother Andrew James son of Zebedee, and his
  brother John Philip and Bartholomew also called
  Nathanael Thomas and Matthew the tax collector
  also called Levi James son of Alphaeus James
  the Lesser, and Thaddaeus also called Jude
  Simon the Cananaean, and Judas Iscariot, the one
  who betrayed him. (Matthew 102-4)

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The Sanctuary of Second Presbyterian Church
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The Sanctuary from the Choir Loft
The sanctuary, viewed from the choir loft. Both
sunlight and the churchs lighting warm the gray
walls.
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The Reformed tradition holds that we are always
being transformed, empowered, and sustained by
the Holy Spirit, which is God at work in the
world. In worship we hear the Word of God
proclaimed, receive the Word enacted in
Sacrament, discover the Word in the world, and
are sent to follow the Word into the world.
(Book of Order)
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The Sanctuary at Sunset

• The Gothic tradition can be seen in the
  sanctuarys arches, columns, and windows with
  their pointed arches and stonework tracery. The
  arched wooden roof and paneling are also Gothic
  in tone.
• I am the light of the world. Whoever follows me
  will never walk in darkness but will have the
  light of life. (John 812)

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Easter 2004
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Sanctuary The Chancel in Advent
Candles for the light of Christ, flowers for
resurrection and eternal life, banners for
celebration, and the purple paraments of Advent,
embroidered with the budded Celtic cross (with
trefoil ends representing the Trinity) and the
Chi Rho with Alpha and Omega.
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The Advent Wreath
The Advent Wreath symbolizes the approach of
Christs birth, bringing light into the world.
The greens represent the darkness before the
coming of Christ. The customary significance of
the candles varies from church to church. In our
practice, the candle lit on the first Sunday in
Advent is the purple Prophecy candle,
representing the coming of hope into the world.
The candle for the second Sunday in Advent is
purple or blue and represents the Annunciation of
Christs birth to Mary. The candle for the third
Sunday is the blue Bethlehem candle and reminds
us of the shepherds who first heard the news of
Christs birth. The fourth candle is the pink
Joy candle that signifies the message of the
angels concerning the great joy which will come
to all people (Luke 210). In the center of the
wreath, the tall white candle symbolizes Christ,
the Light of the World it is lit on Christmas
Eve.
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Festival Banner Angel With Trumpet

• The churchs four Festival Banners use images
  taken from the etched glass in the narthex. This
  one depicts an angel with a trumpet, symbolizing
  music and celebration.
• Notice the tiny embroidered musical notes coming
  out of the trumpet.

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Festival Banner Angel With Tambourine
This angel is playing a tambourine. Again,
notice the musical notes.
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Festival Banner Descending Dove

• The dove is symbolic of the Holy Spirit here it
  is also the dove of peace, with an olive branch.
• In those days Jesus came from Nazareth of Galilee
  and was baptized by John in the Jordan. And just
  as he was coming up out of the water, he saw the
  heavens torn apart and the Spirit descending like
  a dove on him. And a voice came from heaven,
  "You are my Son, the Beloved with you I am well
  pleased." (Mark 19-11)
• He waited another seven days, and again he sent
  out the dove from the ark and the dove came back
  to him in the evening, and there in its beak was
  a freshly plucked olive leaf so Noah knew that
  the waters had subsided from the earth. (Genesis
  810-11)

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Festival Banner Praying Angel
From a distance, this image is hard to decipher.
It is a kneeling angel, seen from the back, with
hands uplifted in prayer before the star of
Bethlehem.
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The Pulpit
Tri-radiant nimbus
dove
trefoil

• Symbols on the pulpit are taken from the Seal of
  the United Presbyterian Church (which has become
  PCUSA, with a different seal).
• Left descending dove, representing the Holy
  Spirit, with tri-radiant nimbus (tri-radiant
  nimbus used only with persons of the Trinity).
• Center Burning bush of Moses (from seal of
  Church of Scotland), symbolizing spiritual
  leadership -- divine fire of truth, divine call,
  persecution. This also suggests the flames of
  Pentecost, and the Jesse tree or tree of life.
• The trefoil is a symbol of the Holy Trinity.

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The Pulpit

• The right side of pulpit bears a cross with the
  Greek motto Iesous (IC) Xhristos (XC) Nika, Jesus
  Christ Do Thou Conquer.
• Note the cloths that hang on the front of the
  pulpit, the lectern, and the communion table.
  These are called paraments (a general word for
  liturgical cloths, including vestments) or
  antependia (a specific word for the cloths that
  hang before the pulpit, lectern, and table).
• They vary according to the church season, as do
  the stoles worn by the pastors -- purple in Lent
  and Advent, white for celebrations such as
  Easter, Christmas, Epiphany, and weddings, red
  for Pentecost, green in ordinary time. Some
  churches use black for funerals, but we use white
  for our services of witness to the Resurrection.
  
• Antependia may be embroidered or woven with
  symbols such as the passion flower (Christs
  passion), the pomegranate (resurrection), the
  rose (the birth of Jesus), the lily for purity,
  the iris for suffering. Symbols can also include
  the phoenix (resurrection), butterfly
  (resurrection), and dove (Holy Spirit).

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The Lectern

• The Bible, with the Greek letter lambda on the
  left, for Logos (word), and the Greek letter
  theta on the right, for Theos (God).
• An arrow is formed by a line connecting the Alpha
  and Omega.
• I am the Alpha and the Omega, the first and the
  last, the beginning and the end. (Revelation
  2213)
• The rose is a symbol of the nativity of Christ.
  Roses are found all around the carved woodwork of
  the church, along with trefoils.

rose
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The Communion Table

• We do not have an altar but rather a communion
  table. Consider the symbolic differences.
• Our communion table has a border of roses and of
  grapes and wheat, for the bread and wine of
  communion.
• The top panel in front has additional symbols
  the shell with three drops of water represents
  Christs baptism
• the Chi Rho is the first two letters of Christ in
  Greek
• the monogram IHC is the first three letters of
  Jesus in Greek
• and the chalice represents the wine of communion,
  which represents the blood of Christ.

• The wood carvings in the church, like the stone
  carvings, were designed by church member and
  sculptor Adolph Wolter.

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Come, for all is now ready.
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Lectern End of Communion Table

• On the end of the communion table on the lectern
  side, there are two symbols. The first is the
  Lamb Triumphant, carrying the banner of victory
  and representing Christs triumph over death.
• The second is the fish surmounted by the Greek
  letters ????C, which spell ichthus, the Greek
  word for fish. These letters form an acronym for
  Jesus Christ, Son of God, Savior in Greek. The
  fish, representing baptism because of its
  association with water, is one of the earliest
  Christian symbols and was used as a secret
  identifying sign in the early church.

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Pulpit End of Communion Table

• On the left or pulpit end of the communion table
  are two further symbols. The sheaf of wheat
  represents the bread of communion, which
  represents Christs body.
• The second symbol is a cross with two
  interlocking circles, within which are two
  chalices with what appear to be hands rising out
  of them. This symbol represents Christian
  marriage.

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At the center of the front of the communion
table, the interlaced triangle and trefoil is
usually hidden by the antependium. This image
combines two symbols representing the Trinity.
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Communion Table Set for a Wedding

• Here the communion table is prepared for a
  wedding.
• The antependium bears the budded cross (whose
  lily-trefoil ends symbolize the Trinity), and the
  grapevine with grapes and ears of wheat (which
  represent communion, the bread of life, and
  Christs blood shed for us).
• The Unity Candle (tall and white, a Christ
  candle) bears the cross with two interlocked
  circles, symbolic of Christian marriage. During
  the marriage ceremony, the candle is lit by the
  bride and groom from the two smaller candles
  beside it, to symbolize their union in Christ.

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Pulpit with Celebration Antependium

• The pulpits celebration antependium bears the
  budded cross of the Trinity with the crown above
  it. The crowned cross represents the reward of
  the faithful after death.
• The cloth is brocaded with the monogram IHS (a
  later version of the original IHC), grapevines,
  grapes, sheep, lilies, and roses -- all
  suggesting Christs love and care for us.

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Lectern with Celebration Antependium
Again, the budded cross, this time in the form
of a Greek rather than a Latin cross.
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Rosebuds in Front of Pulpit and Lectern
On some Sundays, rosebuds are placed on little
shelves that pull out from the lectern and
pulpit. Flowers are always symbolic of life a
red or pink rosebud indicates the birth of a baby
within the congregation, and a white rosebud
indicates the passing of a member of the
congregation into eternal life.
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The Baptismal Font

• The baptismal font, like the rest of the wood and
  stone carving in the church, was designed by
  church member Adolf Wolter.
• In addition to the cross, trefoils, and leaves,
  the baptismal font has four major symbols, one on
  each side.
• The hand of God represents the creative power of
  God.
• The shell with three drops of water, symbolizing
  the baptism of Jesus, suggests the redemptive
  power of God in baptism, our sins are made clean.

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The Baptismal Font

• The cross with the circle of rays behind it is a
  form of the Celtic cross (the circle represents
  eternity) it symbolizes the atoning power of God
  and his eternal salvation.
• The descending dove represents the Holy Spirit,
  the indwelling power of God in our lives.

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Baptism
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Capital with Grapes and Wheat

• The capitals of the sanctuary columns are
  decorated with stylized wheat sheaves and
  grapevines, symbolizing the bread and wine of
  communion.
• They were designed by sculptor Adolph Wolter and
  hand-carved from Indiana limestone.

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Alpha and Omega

• Set in quatrefoils symbolic of the four gospels,
  the Alpha and Omega at the front of the sanctuary
  (each behind a cross) symbolize the
  all-encompassing power of God. Three times in
  the book of Revelation God uses this image to
  describe his power.
• "I am the Alpha and the Omega," says the Lord
  God, who is and who was and who is to come, the
  Almighty. (Revelation 18)
• Then he said to me, "It is done! I am the Alpha
  and the Omega, the beginning and the end.
  (Revelation 216)
• I am the Alpha and the Omega, the first and the
  last, the beginning and the end." (Revelation
  2213)

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Banner The Celtic Cross

• The eight Sanctuary Banners are recent
  reproductions of banners originally handcrafted
  by Marian Beesley and her assistants. Mary
  Newill created the designs. The dyes in the
  originals had faded these banners, using
  chemical dyes, should last longer.
• On the west side, starting nearest the pulpit
• The Celtic cross is the most commonly used cross
  in the Presbyterian denomination. Its circle
  represents eternity.

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Banner The Ship
The ship represents the Church, especially in
its missionary function.
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Banner The Dove Descending
The descending dove symbolizes the Holy Spirit
-- its triradiant nimbus appears only on the
persons of the Trinity. This dove carries the
olive branch, symbolic of peace.
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Banner The Triquetra and Circle
This banner bears the triquetra and circle. The
triquetra is one of the earliest symbols of the
Trinity. It emphasizes the indivisibility,
equality, and unity of the Trinity. The equality
of the Three Persons and the eternity of God are
symbolized by its continuous form, and the
indivisibility of the Trinity by its interwoven
form. The circle represents eternity.
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Banner The Missionary Cross (Crosslet)

• On the east side, starting nearest the lectern
• The Missionary cross is made of four joined Latin
  crosses and symbolizes the spread of Christianity
  to the four corners of the world. It is
  particularly meaningful in Seconds emphasis on
  mission.

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Banner The Grapevine

• The vine and grapes signify communion. They also
  represent our relationship to Christ.
• I am the vine, you are the branches. Those who
  abide in me and I in them bear much fruit,
  because apart from me you can do nothing. (John
  155)

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Banner The Crowned Cross

• The cross and crown represent Christs kingly
  office as well as the crown of glory promised to
  faithful Christians.
• From now on there is reserved for me the crown of
  righteousness, which the Lord, the righteous
  judge, will give me on that day, and not only to
  me but also to all who have longed for his
  appearing. (2 Timothy 48)
• Such a one has stood the test and will receive
  the crown of life that the Lord has promised to
  those who love him. (James 112)
• And when the chief shepherd appears, you will win
  the crown of glory that never fades away. (1
  Peter 54)

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Banner The Chi Rho

• The Chi Rho is a Christogram, or monogram of the
  Christ. It comes from the first two Greek
  letters in the word Christ.
• It is also referred to as the Labarum. The
  Emporer Constantine saw the symbol in a vision in
  which he was told In this sign you shall
  conquer he therefore placed it on his military
  standard, called the Labarum. The symbol was in
  use by Christians before the time of Constantine,
  however.

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The Ascension Window
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The Ascension Window

• Second Churchs magnificent chancel window was
  originally entitled The Ascension with Passion
  Flower and Vine. It was given in 1905 in memory
  of Charles F. Sayles by his widow, Frances Tuttle
  Sayles. Mr. Sayles, the treasurer of the church,
  died in 1902. The window was designed by Louis
  Comfort Tiffany and installed by Tiffany Studios
  of New York at the rear of the sanctuary on the
  south side of the Vermont St. church. Two small
  lancets, originally placed below the five main
  lancets in the old church, depicted the passion
  flower and the vine they were sold when the
  building was closed.
• Tiffanys stained glass is of the type called pot
  glass, in which the colors are mixed in the
  molten glass. Tiffanys color formulas were a
  closely guarded secret and have never been
  exactly reproduced. When the window was moved to
  the new church, there was some damage at the tops
  of two lancets, which has been repaired with
  purple glass an honest repair that doesnt
  pretend to match Tiffanys incomparable work.

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Ascension Window Detail Jesus

• When he had said this, as they were watching, he
  was lifted up, and a cloud took him out of their
  sight. While he was going and they were gazing
  up toward heaven, suddenly two men in white robes
  stood by them. They said, "Men of Galilee, why
  do you stand looking up toward heaven? This
  Jesus, who has been taken up from you into
  heaven, will come in the same way as you saw him
  go into heaven." (Acts 19-11 -- see also Luke
  2450-51, Mark 1619)
• It was the custom in the old Vermont St. church
  for the congregation to turn and face the
  Ascension Window in the back of the church when
  Handels Hallelujah Chorus was sung on Easter
  morning. We still turn to the back on that
  occasion to face the choir, not the window.
  Perhaps on Easter Sunday, when the choir sings
  our praises to God, we should stand and face this
  glorious representation of the resurrected and
  glorified Christ, our Lord.

75
Ascension Window Detail Jesus Face
The subtlety of coloring and extreme contrasts
of light and dark in the Ascension Window make it
very difficult to photograph. They also make it
hard to see the face of Jesus clearly from the
pews, so take a closer look when you have the
chance. Binoculars help.
76
Ascension Window Detail Angels
The angels in the Ascension Window balance the
disciples.
77
Ascension Window Detail Top Angels
The angels in the Ascension Window include some
greatly foreshortened, leaning over the figure of
Jesus so that we see only their heads and wings.
78
Ascension Window Detail Disciples
Take a close look at the disciples in the lower
parts of the window at least one of them might
be feminine, and one (Judas) turns away from
Jesus.
79
Ascension Window Detail Disciples
80
The Parable and Miracle Windows
In the French Gothic style, stained glass is
predominately red and blue. In the German Gothic
style, green and yellow predominate. Our windows
are dominated by red and blue.
81
Parable Window The House Built upon a Rock

• The aisle windows (Parables on the west side,
  Miracles on the east) were created by the Willet
  Studio of Philadelphia. The windows are double,
  each pair depicting two parables or miracles.
  Note that each window contains a lower panel
  showing a symbol of the particular event
  depicted.
• West side, beginning nearest the pulpit
• "Every one then who hears these words of mine and
  does them will be like a wise man who built his
  house upon the rock and the rain fell, and the
  floods came, and the winds blew and beat upon
  that house, but it did not fall, because it had
  been founded on the rock. And every one who
  hears these words of mine and does not do them
  will be like a foolish man who built his house
  upon the sand and the rain fell, and the floods
  came, and the winds blew and beat against that
  house, and it fell and great was the fall of
  it. (Matthew 724-27)

Two houses, one solid, one collapsing.
82
Parable Window The Pearl of Great Price

• In church literature, this panel is referred to
  as The Rich Young Man. However, the account of
  the Rich Young Man is not really a parable. The
  window instead represents The Pearl of Great
  Price -- the man, who is turning his back on
  treasure, holds something round and white in his
  left hand. Moreover, the lower panel shows a
  hand holding a pearl.
• "Again, the kingdom of heaven is like a merchant
  in search of fine pearls, who, on finding one
  pearl of great value, went and sold all that he
  had and bought it. (Matthew 1345-46)

Hand holding pearl.
83
Parable Window The Sower and the Soils
Listen! A sower went out to sow. And as he
sowed, some seeds fell along the path, and the
birds came and ate them up. Other seeds fell on
rocky ground, where they did not have much soil,
and they sprang up quickly, since they had no
depth of soil. But when the sun rose, they were
scorched and since they had no root, they
withered away. Other seeds fell among thorns,
and the thorns grew up and choked them. Other
seeds fell on good soil and brought forth grain,
some a hundredfold, some sixty, some thirty. Let
anyone with ears listen! (Matthew 133-9)
Birds swooping down on seeds.
84
Parable Window The Good Samaritan
"A man was going down from Jerusalem to Jericho,
and fell into the hands of robbers, who stripped
him, beat him, and went away, leaving him half
dead. Now by chance a priest was going down that
road and when he saw him, he passed by on the
other side. So likewise a Levite, when he came
to the place and saw him, passed by on the other
side. But a Samaritan while traveling came near
him and when he saw him, he was moved with pity.
He went to him and bandaged his wounds, having
poured oil and wine on them. Then he put him on
his own animal, brought him to an inn, and took
care of him. The next day he took out two
denarii, gave them to the innkeeper, and said,
'Take care of him and when I come back, I will
repay you whatever more you spend.' Which of
these three, do you think, was a neighbor to the
man who fell into the hands of the robbers?"
(Luke 1030-36)
Hand holding up head of wounded man.
85
Parable Window The Workers in the Vineyard
"For the kingdom of heaven is like a landowner
who went out early in the morning to hire
laborers for his vineyard. After agreeing with
the laborers for the usual daily wage, he sent
them into his vineyard. When he went out about
nine o'clock, he saw others standing idle in the
marketplace and he said to them, 'You also go
into the vineyard, and I will pay you whatever is
right.' So they went. When he went out again
about noon and about three o'clock, he did the
same. And about five o'clock he went out and
found others standing around and he said to
them, 'Why are you standing here idle all day?'
They said to him, 'Because no one has hired us.'
He said to them, 'You also go into the vineyard.'
When evening came, the owner of the vineyard
said to his manager, 'Call the laborers and give
them their pay, beginning with the last and then
going to the first.' When those hired about five
o'clock came, each of them received the usual
daily wage. Now when the first came, they
thought they would receive more but each of them
also received the usual daily wage. And when
they received it, they grumbled against the
landowner, saying, 'These last worked only one
hour, and you have made them equal to us who have
borne the burden of the day and the scorching
heat.' But he replied to one of them, 'Friend, I
am doing you no wrong did you not agree with me
for the usual daily wage? Take what belongs to
you and go I choose to give to this last the
same as I give to you. Am I not allowed to do
what I choose with what belongs to me? Or are you
envious because I am generous?' So the last
will be first, and the first will be last."
(Matthew 201-16)
Grapes and evening moon.
86
Parable Window The Prodigal Son
"There was a man who had two sons. The younger
of them said to his father, 'Father, give me the
share of the property that will belong to me.'
So he divided his property between them. A few
days later the younger son gathered all he had
and traveled to a distant country, and there he
squandered his property in dissolute living.
When he had spent everything, a severe famine
took place throughout that country, and he began
to be in need. So he went and hired himself out
to one of the citizens of that country, who sent
him to his fields to feed the pigs. He would
gladly have filled himself with the pods that the
pigs were eating and no one gave him anything.
But when he came to himself he said, 'How many of
my father's hired hands have bread enough and to
spare, but here I am dying of hunger! I will get
up and go to my father, and I will say to him,
"Father, I have sinned against heaven and before
you I am no longer worthy to be called your son
treat me like one of your hired hands." ' So he
set off and went to his father. But while he was
still far off, his father saw him and was filled
with compassion he ran and put his arms around
him and kissed him. Then the son said to him,
'Father, I have sinned against heaven and before
you I am no longer worthy to be called your
son.' But the father said to his slaves,
'Quickly, bring out a robe the best one and
put it on him put a ring on his finger and
sandals on his feet. And get the fatted calf and
kill it, and let us eat and celebrate for this
son of mine was dead and is alive again he was
lost and is found! And they began to
celebrate. (Luke 1511-24)
Welcoming hands and fatted calf.
87
Parable Window The Lost Coin
Or what woman, having ten silver coins, if she
loses one of them, does not light a lamp, sweep
the house, and search carefully until she finds
it? When she has found it, she calls together
her friends and neighbors, saying, Rejoice with
me, for I have found the coin that I had lost.'
Just so, I tell you, there is joy in the presence
of the angels of God over one sinner who
repents. (Luke 158-10)
Lamp and coin.
88
Parable Window The Lost Sheep
"Which one of you, having a hundred sheep and
losing one of them, does not leave the
ninety-nine in the wilderness and go after the
one that is lost until he finds it? When he has
found it, he lays it on his shoulders and
rejoices. And when he comes home, he calls
together his friends and neighbors, saying to
them, 'Rejoice with me, for I have found my sheep
that was lost.' Just so, I tell you, there will
be more joy in heaven over one sinner who repents
than over ninety-nine righteous persons who need
no repentance. (Luke 154-7)
Sheep and shepherds staff.
89
Parable Window The Talents
"For it is as if a man, going on a journey,
summoned his slaves and entrusted his property to
them to one he gave five talents, to another
two, to another one, to each according to his
ability. Then he went away. The one who had
received the five talents went off at once and
traded with them, and made five more talents. In
the same way, the one who had the two talents
made two more talents. But the one who had
received the one talent went off and dug a hole
in the ground and hid his master's money. After
a long time the master of those slaves came and
settled accounts with them. Then the one who had
received the five talents came forward, bringing
five more talents, saying, 'Master, you handed
over to me five talents see, I have made five
more talents.' His master said to him, 'Well
done, good and trustworthy slave you have been
trustworthy in a few things, I will put you in
charge of many things enter into the joy of your
master.' And the one with the two talents also
came forward, saying, 'Master, you handed over to
me two talents see, I have made two more
talents.' His master said to him, 'Well done,
good and trustworthy slave you have been
trustworthy in a few things, I will put you in
charge of many things enter into the joy of your
master.' Then the one who had received the one
talent also came forward, saying, 'Master, I knew
that you were a harsh man, reaping where you did
not sow, and gathering where you did not scatter
seed so I was afraid, and I went and hid your
talent in the ground. Here you have what is
yours.' But his master replied, 'You wicked and
lazy slave! You knew, did you, that I reap where
I did not sow, and gather where I did not
scatter? Then you ought to have invested my
money with the bankers, and on my return I would
have received what was my own with interest. So
take the talent from him, and give it to the one
with the ten talents. For to all those who have,
more will be given, and they will have an
abundance but from those who have nothing, even
what they have will be taken away. As for this
worthless slave, throw him into the outer
darkness, where there will be weeping and
gnashing of teeth. (Matthew 2514-30)
Shovel and large coin.
90
Parable Window The Wise and Foolish Virgins
"Then the kingdom of heaven will be like this.
Ten bridesmaids took their lamps and went to meet
the bridegroom. Five of them were foolish, and
five were wise. When the foolish took their
lamps, they took no oil with them but the wise
took flasks of oil with their lamps. As the
bridegroom was delayed, all of them became drowsy
and slept. But at midnight there was a shout,
'Look! Here is the bridegroom! Come out to meet
him.' Then all those bridesmaids got up and
trimmed their lamps. The foolish said to the
wise, 'Give us some of your oil, for our lamps
are going out.' But the wise replied, 'No! there
will not be enough for you and for us you had
better go to the dealers and buy some for
yourselves.' And while they went to buy it, the
bridegroom came, and those who were ready went
with him into the wedding banquet and the door
was shut. Later the other bridesmaids came also,
saying, 'Lord, lord, open to us.' But he
replied, 'Truly I tell you, I do not know you.'
Keep awake therefore, for you know neither the
day nor the hour. (Matthew 251-13)
Burning lamp.
91
Miracle Window Loaves and Fishes (Feeding the
Five Thousand)

• East side, beginning nearest the lectern
• Now when Jesus heard this, he withdrew from there
  in a boat to a deserted place by himself. But
  when the crowds heard it, they followed him on
  foot from the towns. When he went ashore, he saw
  a great crowd and he had compassion for them and
  cured their sick. When it was evening, the
  disciples came to him and said, "This is a
  deserted place, and the hour is now late send
  the crowds away so that they may go into the
  villages and buy food for themselves." Jesus
  said to them, "They need not go away you give
  them something to eat." They replied, "We have
  nothing here but five loaves and two fish." And
  he said, "Bring them here to me." Then he
  ordered the crowds to sit down on the grass.
  Taking the five loaves and the two fish, he
  looked up to heaven, and blessed and broke the
  loaves, and gave them to the disciples, and the
  disciples gave them to the crowds. And all ate
  and were filled and they took up what was left
  over of the broken pieces, twelve baskets full.
  And those who ate were about five thousand men,
  besides women and children. (Matthew 1413-21)

Two fish and five loaves (two in neighboring
panels).
92
Miracle Window Healing the Man Blind from Birth
As he walked along, he saw a man blind from
birth. His disciples asked him, "Rabbi, who
sinned, this man or his parents, that he was born
blind?" Jesus answered, "Neither this man nor
his parents sinned he was born blind so that
God's works might be revealed in him. We must
work the works of him who sent me while it is
day night is coming when no one can work. As
long as I am in the world, I am the light of the
world." When he had said this, he spat on the
ground and made mud with the saliva and spread
the mud on the man's eyes, saying to him, "Go,
wash in the pool of Siloam" (which means Sent).
Then he went and washed and came back able to
see. (John 91-7)
Hand mixing mud with finger.
93
Reflections on Stonework The Loaves and Fishes
and Healing the Man Blind from Birth
When the sun shines through stained glass, it
creates reflections on surrounding stonework that
remind us that the light of God shines through
our lives, creating love and beauty.
94
Miracle Window The Wedding at Cana (Water into
Wine)
On the third day there was a wedding in Cana of
Galilee, and the mother of Jesus was there.
Jesus and his disciples had also been invited to
the wedding. When the wine gave out, the mother
of Jesus said to him, "They have no wine." And
Jesus said to her, "Woman, what concern is that
to you and to me? My hour has not yet come."
His mother said to the servants, "Do whatever he
tells you." Now standing there were six stone
water jars for the Jewish rites of purification,
each holding twenty or thirty gallons. Jesus
said to them, "Fill the jars with water. And
they filled them up to the brim. He said to
them, "Now draw some out, and take it to the
chief steward." So they took it. When the
steward tasted the water that had become wine,
and did not know where it came from (though the
servants who had drawn the water knew), the
steward called the bridegroom and said to him,
"Everyone serves the good wine first, and then
the inferior wine after the guests have become
drunk. But you have kept the good wine until
now." Jesus did this, the first of his signs, in
Cana of Galilee, and revealed his glory and his
disciples believed in him. (John 21-11)
Water being poured into jar.
95
Miracle Window The Paralyzed Man Let Down from
the Roof
Just then some men came, carrying a paralyzed
man on a bed. They were trying to bring him in
and lay him before Jesus but finding no way to
bring him in because of the crowd, they went up
on the roof and let him down with his bed through
the tiles into the middle of the crowd in front
of Jesus. When he saw their faith, he said,
"Friend, your sins are forgiven you." Then the
scribes and the Pharisees began to question, "Who
is this who is speaking blasphemies? Who can
forgive sins but God alone?" When Jesus
perceived their questionings, he answered them,
"Why do you raise such questions in your hearts?
Which is easier, to say, 'Your sins are forgiven
you,' or to say, 'Stand up and walk'? But so
that you may know that the Son of Man has
authority on earth to forgive sins" he said to
the one who was paralyzed "I say to you, stand
up and take your bed and go to your home."
Immediately he stood up before them, took what he
had been lying on, and went to his home,
glorifying God. (Luke 518-25)
Bed being let down on ropes.
96
Miracle Window Calming the Storm
And when he got into the boat, his disciples
followed him. A windstorm arose on the sea, so
great that the boat was being swamped by the
waves but he was asleep. And they went and woke
him up, saying, "Lord, save us! We are
perishing!" And he said to them, "Why are you
afraid, you of little faith? Then he got up and
rebuked the winds and the sea and there was a
dead calm. They were amazed, saying, "What sort
of man is this, that even the winds and the sea
obey him?" (Matthew 823-27)
Hand reaching down to calm waves.
97
Miracle Window Walking on Water
Immediately he made the disciples get into the
boat and go on ahead to the other side, while he
dismissed the crowds. And after he had dismissed
the crowds, he went up the mountain by himself to
pray. When evening came, he was there alone, but
by this time the boat, battered by the waves, was
far from the land, for the wind was against them.
And early in the morning he came walking toward
them on the sea. But when the disciples saw him
walking on the sea, they were terrified, saying,
"It is a ghost!" And they cried out in fear.
But immediately Jesus spoke to them and said,
"Take heart, it is I do not be afraid." Peter
answered him, "Lord, if it is you, command me to
come to you on the water." He said, "Come." So
Peter got out of the boat, started walking on the
water, and came toward Jesus. But when he
noticed the strong wind, he became frightened,
and beginning to sink, he cried out, "Lord, save
me!" Jesus immediately reached out his hand and
caught him, saying to him, "You of little faith,
why did you doubt?" When they got into the boat,
the wind ceased. And those in the boat worshiped
him, saying, "Truly you are the Son of God.
(Matthew 1422-33)
The Chi Rho with cross cross submerged in water.
98
Miracle Window The Man Possessed by Many Demons
Then they arrived at the country of the
Gerasenes, which is opposite Galilee. As he
stepped out on land, a man of the city who had
demons met him. For a long time he had worn no
clothes, and he did not live in a house but in
the tombs. When he saw Jesus, he fell down
before him and shouted at the top of his voice,
"What have you to do with me, Jesus, Son of the
Most High God? I beg you, do not torment me"
for Jesus had commanded the unclean spirit to
come out of the man. (For many times it had
seized him he was kept under guard and bound
with chains and shackles, but he would break the
bonds and be driven by the demon into the wilds.)
Jesus then asked him, "What is your name? He
said, "Legion" for many demons had entered him.
They begged him not to order them to go back into
the abyss. Now there on the hillside a large
herd of swine was feeding and the demons begged
Jesus to let them enter these. So he gave them
permission. Then the demons came out of the man
and entered the swine, and the herd rushed down
the steep bank into the lake and was drowned.
(Luke 826-33)
Swine rushing over a cliff.
99
Miracle Window The Ten Men Cured of Leprosy
On the way to Jerusalem Jesus was going through
the region between Samaria and Galilee. As he
entered a village, ten lepers approached him.
Keeping their distance, they called out, saying,
"Jesus, Master, have mercy on us!" When he saw
them, he said to them, "Go and show yourselves to
the priests." And as they went, they were made
clean. Then one of them, when he saw that he was
healed, turned back, praising God with a loud
voice. He prostrated himself at Jesus' feet and
thanked him. And he was a Samaritan. Then Jesus
asked, "Were not ten made clean? But the other
nine, where are they? Was none of them found to
return and give praise to God except this
foreigner?" Then he said to him, "Get up and go
on your way your faith has made you well."
(Luke 1711-19)
Roman numerals for one and nine.
100
Miracle Window Raising the Synagogue Leaders
Daughter from the Dead
Now when Jesus returned, the crowd welcomed him,
for they were all waiting for him. Just then
there came a man named Jairus, a leader of the
synagogue. He fell at Jesus' feet and begged him
to come to his house, for he had an only
daughter, about twelve years old, who was dying.
. . . While he was still speaking, someone came
from the leader's house to say, "Your daughter is
dead do not trouble the teacher any longer."
When Jesus heard this, he replied, "Do not fear.
Only believe, and she will be saved." When he
came to the house, he did not allow anyone to
enter with him, except Peter, John, and James,
and the child's father and mother. They were all
weeping and wailing for her but he said, "Do not
weep for she is not dead but sleeping." And
they laughed at him, knowing that she was dead.
But he took her by the hand and called out,
"Child, get up!" Her spirit returned, and she
got up at once. Then he directed them to give
her something to eat. Her parents were
astounded but he ordered them to tell no one
what had happened. (Luke 840-42, 49-56)
Jesus hand lifting up childs hand.
101
Miracle Window Healing the Woman with the Flow
of Blood
As he went, the crowds pressed in on him. Now
there was a woman who had been suffering from
hemorrhages for twelve years and though she had
spent all she had on physicians, no one could
cure her. She came up behind him and touched the
fringe of his clothes, and immediately her
hemorrhage stopped. Then Jesus asked, "Who
touched me?" When all denied it, Peter said,
"Master, the crowds surround you and press in on
you." But Jesus said, "Someone touched me for I
noticed that power had gone out from me." When
the woman saw that she could not remain hidden,
she came trembling and falling down before him,
she declared in the presence of all the people
why she had touched him, and how she had been
immediately healed. He said to her, "Daughter,
your faith has made you well go in peace.
(Luke 842-48)
Hand touching hem of robe.
102
The Rose Window
103
The Rose Window The Great Commission
The Rose Window overlooks the choir loft at the
south end of the sanctuary. Its theme is the
Great Commission. It includes symbolic
representations of Jesus, the four Evangelists,
Paul, Stephen, and the twelve Apostles. The
window was designed by Henry Lee Willet (Willet
Studios, Philadelphia). It is 20 feet in
diameter.
104
And Jesus came and said to them, "All authority
in heaven and on earth has been given to me. Go
therefore and make disciples of all nations,
baptizing them in the name of the Father and of
the Son and of the Holy Spirit, and teaching them
to obey everything that I have commanded you. And
remember, I am with you always, to the end of the
age." (Matthew 2818-20)
105
R
G
Q
F
A
H
P
I
E
B
O
J
D
N
C
K
M
L

• Note the repeated use in the rose window of
  chalice, lily (fleur-de-lis), leaves, and cross.
  Petals are in clusters of three, symbolizing the
  Trinity.
• The inner range of petals in the rose window
  depicts the four Evangelists, Paul, and Stephen,
  the first martyr. The outer range depicts the
  twelve Apostles. The letters superimposed on
  this photograph of the Rose Window indicate the
  position of the symbolic images described in the
  slides which follow.

106
Behold the Lamb of God
Center Rosette of Rose Window

• The Lamb reclining on the book symbolizes Christ
  as judge at the end of the world.
• The shell with three drops of water is a symbol
  of the baptism of Jesus.
• Note the Chi Rho at the top and the Alpha and
  Omega on the book.

107
Rose Window inner range A Bible with Sword the
Spiritus Gladius (Sword of the Spirit) Symbol
for Paul

• Paul was the great missionary responsible for the
  early spread of Christianity into the eastern
  Mediterranean world. His symbol is the Spiritus
  Gladius. The sword represents the Sword of the
  Spirit, and the open Bible represents both the
  gospel Paul preached and Pauls own contribution
  to the Bible, his letters.
• And take the helmet of salvation, and the sword
  of the Spirit, which is the word of God.
  (Ephesians 617)

108
Rose Window inner range B Winged Ox Symbol for
Luke

• The symbols for the four Evangelists are taken
  from visionary imagery in the book of Ezekiel
  this imagery is also used in the book of
  Revelation. The ox is a sacrificial animal in
  his gospel, Luke emphasizes the sacrifice of
  Jesus. Here the ox carries a scroll or book,
  symbolic of Lukes gospel.
• As for the likeness of their faces, each had the
  face of a man in front the four had the face of
  a lion on the right side, the four had the face
  of an ox on the left side, and the four had the
  face of an eagle at the back. (Ezekiel 110)
• Around the throne, and on each side of the
  throne, are four living creatures, full of eyes
  in front and behind the first living creature
  like a lion, the second living creature like an
  ox, the third living creature with a face like a
  human face, and the fourth living creature like a
  flying eagle. (Revelation 46-7)

109
Rose Window inner range C Eagle Symbol for
John

• The eagle is a symbol of the Resurrection and is
  associated with John because his gospel
  emphasizes the divine nature of Christ. The
  outspread wings of the eagle suggest the spread
  of the gospel throughout the world. Here the
  eagle holds a scroll, symbolic of Johns gospel.
• For the scriptural background of this imagery,
  see the note for inner range B.

110
Rose Window inner range D White Robe,
Stones Symbol for Stephen, the First Martyr

• Stephen, as the first martyr for Christ, holds a
  special place in Christian history equal in its
  own way to those of the Evangelists and Paul.
  The white robe is a symbol of martyrdom, and the
  stones indicate the specific way Stephen died.
• Second Church literature mistakenly assigns this
  petal to Paul (formerly Saul) probably because
  Saul held the coats of the attackers when Stephen
  was martyred. Interestingly enough, one of the
  symbols for John the Baptist is a robe in this
  particular shape, but rough and hairy -- the hair
  robe he wore in the wilderness.
• Then they dragged him out of the city and began
  to stone him and the witnesses laid their coats
  at the feet of a young man named Saul. While they
  were stoning Stephen, he prayed, "Lord Jesus,
  receive my spirit." Then he knelt down and cried
  out in a loud voice, "Lord, do not hold this sin
  against them." When he had said this, he died.
  (Acts 758-60)
• When he opened the fifth seal, I saw under the
  altar the souls of those who had been slaughtered
  for the word of God and for the testimony they
  had given . . . . They were each given a white
  robe and told to rest a little longer, until the
  number would be complete both of their fellow
  servants and of their brothers and sisters, who
  were soon to be killed as they themselves had
  been killed. (Revelation 69,11)

111
Rose Window inner range E Winged Man Symbol for
Matthew

• In his gospel, Matthew emphasizes the humanity of
  Jesus. Here the winged man holds a long open
  scroll, symbolic of Matthews gospel.
• For the scriptural background of this imagery,
  see the note for inner range B.

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