Argonne PowerPoint Presentation

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Materials Science at Argonne
George Crabtree Director, Materials Science
Division
Postdoc Lunch May 25, 2007
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Mission

• Create and Deliver World-Class Science
• to the International Community

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Materials Science at Argonne

• Outstanding staff
• Eight ISI Highly Cited Researchers seven in
  materials
• Alexei Abrikosov Nobel laureate in Physics 2003
  for superconducting vortices
• MRS medalist for ultrananocrystalline diamond
  Dieter Gruen
• Amanda Petford-Long, FREng, UK 2005
• Sam Bader, David Adler Lectureship 2007
• .
  . .

• Forefront research areas
• Synthesis bulk, film, and nanostructured arrays
• Emergent behavior order, disorder, multiscale,
  functionality
• In-situ characterization watch dynamics in real
  time
• New materials
• biocomposites, spin-charge, correlated electron,
  oxides
• nanoscale materials- hybrids, confinement,
  interfaces, plasmonics

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Critical Mass of People, Ideas, and Techniques
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Strategic Perspective

• What are the biggest opportunities?

science and materials for energy e.g.
catalysis, biological and biomimetic energy
conversion, hydrogen, solar
scattering science with electrons, neutrons and
x-rays e.g., Transmission Electron Aberration
Corrected Microscopy (TEAM), single
crystal diffuse scattering, spin echo
resolved grazing incidence spectroscopy (SERGIS)
in situ experiments probing dynamic response
e.g. MOCVD epitaxial film growth, oxidation,
environmental TEM
grand challenges of fundamental science
e.g. the mechanism of high temperature
superconductivity catalysis and
control of chemical transformation
emerging science frontiers e.g.
biomolecular materials, quantum computing,
plasmonics, spintronics
applications of MSD basic research e.g.
UNCD, hydrogen sensors, artificial retina, HTS
wires
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Science Impact
Reviews of Modern Physics June 2006
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Argonnes Materials Science User Facilities
Advanced Photon Source
Electron Microscopy Center
Center for Nanoscale Materials ramp up to full
operation in 07
Intense Pulsed Neutron Source
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Emphasis Synthesis
strategic high quality targeted materials
exploratory discover new behavior
rapid turnaround characterization
two scientific frontiers novel synthesis
techniques new materials

• bulk high pressure new structures, extended
  doping ranges, exotic oxidation states
• artificial layers ALD, digital alloys ? control
  stacking with unit precision
• self-assembled nanostructures colloidal
  drop-casting, kinetic electrodeposition,
  bio-scaffold assembly

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High Pressure Materials Synthesis
Pressure extends synthesis reach
1300
1200
CaCuO2 (I)
(VO)2P2O7 3 GPa
1100
CaCuO2 (II)
temperature (C)
1000
Ca2CuO3 CuO
900
Ca2-xNaxCuO2Cl2 3-5 GPa
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6
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pressure (GPa)
access more phases denser atomic packing higher
oxidation states more symmetric structures
High Pressure Furnaces
John Mitchell, Dave Hinks, Ken Gray, MSD
1 Atmosphere 0.1 MPa
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Atomic Layer Deposition Synthesis/Coating
layer by layer deposition
10 nm
create mixed oxides
conformal coating of complex objects
ZnO on silica aerogel
Bare Ag nanoparticles
annealed _at_ 300ºC
Al2O3 coated annealed _at_ 300ºC
stabilize nano-assemblies
atomic level control of synthesis and sequential
coating of AAO, aerogel, and mesoporous
materials.
20 nm
flow-thru catalysis
Mike Pellin, Wang (MSD), John Elam (ES), Peter
Stair (CHM, NU), Richard Van Duyne (NU)
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Self-Assembled Nanoparticle Arrays
drop casting of colloidal particles ordering at
liquid-air surface perfect hexagonal
array transport gt multijunction tunneling
Xiao-Min Lin (CNM), Email xmlin_at_anl.gov
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Emphasis Emergent Behavior

• Complex oxides
• spin, charge, lattice interactions
• ferromagnetic, ferroelectric, superconducting,
  metallic, insulating
• complex disorder
• Electromagnetically self-assembled granular
  matter
• competing long/short range interactions
• Biomolecules/nanoparticles in artificial hosts
• Decoupled spin-charge systems

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Electromagnetically Self-Assembled Microstructures
Binary Stars
Pulsating Rings
40-120 µ bronze spheres in toluene-alcohol
- 1 kV DC
1 kV DC
Dancing Chains
dynamics of bacteria microfluidic devices
Metallic particles suspended in fluid Direct or
alternating electric and magnetic fields
90 µ Nickel spheres 15 Oe magnetic field
Snezhko, Aranson, Kwok, Phys. Rev. Lett. 93,
108002 (2005)
Igor Aronson, Alex Snezhko, Wai Kwok, Maksim
Sapozhnikov
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Emphasis In Situ Experiments

• explore dynamic mechanisms in real time
• polarization reversal
• film growth
• oxidation
• chemical catalysis/reaction
• forefront instruments for electron, neutron,
  x-ray scattering

Brian Stephenson, Paul Fuoss, Dillon Fong, Jeff
Eastman
Hoydoo You
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Emphasis Materials of Increasing Complexity

• multi-component hybrids
• multi-ferroic, bio/inorganic, soft/hard,
• magnetic/superconducting, core-shell, core-sheath
• nanoscale assemblies
• lithographic structures, bio-scaffolds,
• colloidal aggregates, kinetic electrodeposition
• nanoporous materials

Val Novosad
5 nm
Xiao Min Lin
Zhili Xiao
a 101 nm dia 45 nm
Ag Nb
Ulrich Welp, Hau Wang
AAO
500 nm
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Emphasis Behavior at the Nanoscale

• nanoscale surface chemistry
• confined magnetic/electric polarization
• laterally patterned charged and polar surfaces
• short/medium range order
• frustration, complex disorder

magnetic amplitude
magnetic orientation
electrons diffuse scattering x-rays,
neutrons
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Surface Plasmon Holography
propagate light along surface sub-wavelength
lateral confinement of light nano-holes convert
incident light to SPP ?SP ?inc (?m ?d )
/?m?d)1/2
holographic mapping amplitude, phase, wavelength
holographic images of SPP launched at 200-nm hole
in Au-film
200-nm holes circle of R5µm focus to sub-?µ spot
focusing single nano-hole-fields building blocks
for photonic chip design
SEM
NSOM
L. Yin, V. K. Vlasko-Vlasov, U. Welp, S. K. Gray
et al, APL 85, 467 (2004) L. Yin et
al,Nanoletters 5, 1399 (2005)
Ulrich Welp, Vitalii Vlasko-Vlasov, Wai Kwok
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Next Generation Lorentz Microscopy
world-class imaging of magnetic/electric
structure with sub-nm resolution
Schottky FEG
Monochromator
Condenser
Cs corrector
LIS Objective

• components
• JEOL column
• spherical aberration correction commercial
• novel Lorentz image reconstruction
• chromatic aberration correction TEAM spin-off

Specimen Stage, 10 mm gap
LIS Objective
Cs and Cc corrector
Energy filter
Projectors
Fast CCD-system
Amanda Petford-Long, Bernd Kabius, Nestor
Zaluzec, Dean Miller
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Ferroelectrics Sliced Thin
Minimum size for ferroelectricity? Basic
nanoscience ferroelectric confinement - 10
nm? Applications memory, transducers, capacitors
Science/facility synergy in situ synthesis of
PbTiO3 by MOCVD characterize ferroelectricity
structurally high intensity x-ray diffraction
at APS
3 unit cells 1.2 nm supports ferroelectricty
Ferroelectricity in Ultrathin Perovskite
Films Dillon D. Fong, G. Brian Stephenson,
Stephen K. Streiffer, Jeffrey A. Eastman, Orlando
Auciello, Paul H. Fuoss, and Carol Thompson,
MSD Science 11 June 2004 1650-1653
Perspectives in Materials Science Fundamental
Size Limits in Ferroelectricity Nicola A.
Spaldin Science 11 June 2004 1606-1607
Dillon Fong, Brian Stephenson, Jeff Eastman,
Orlando Auciello, Paul Fuoss (MSD), Stephen
Streiffer (CNM), Carol Thompson (NIU)
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Molecular Machines Based Upon Biofunctionalized
Ferroelectrics
Top-Down Lithographically Fabricated BioMEMS
E-beam fabricated PZT Channels
Photoresist
Electrodes
Virus
Fluorescence Micrograph
Cross-section schematic of device
Bottom-up - virus produces peptides that link
to PZT
peptide
Switching polarization state of patterned
ferroelectrics controls conformation/orientation
of biomolecules
Millie Firestone, Orlando Auciello (MSD), Leo
Ocola (APS/CNM)
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Further Information
search by research direction author technique mate
rial
Ferroelectric domains measured by AFM
http//www.msd.anl.gov/highlights/index.html