Blood

1
Blood

• Chapter 28

2
Circulatory System

• Composed of lymphatic system cardiovascular
  system
• Lymphatic system lymph, lymph nodes, and lymph
  vessels
• Cardiovascular system blood, heart, blood
  vessels

3
Cardiovascular System Blood

• Composition of blood
• Formed elements blood cells and cell fragments
• Plasma fluid portion of blood

4
Cardiovascular System Blood

• Formed Elements
• 3 kinds
• Red blood cells (RBC) -- erythrocytes
• Hemoglobin iron
• Combine with oxygen transport it through body
• Most numerous
• Gas transport (oxygen carbon dioxide)
• White blood cells (WBC) -- leukocytes
• Aid immune system
• Platelets
• Aid in blood clotting process

5
Cardiovascular System Blood

• Plasma
• 92 water
• Proteins, electrolytes, other material
• 3 types of proteins
• Albumins transport hormones and fatty acids
• Fibrinogen aids in blood clotting
• Globulins 2 kinds
• Immunoglobulins antibodies attack foreign
  invaders
• Transport proteins carry ions, hormones, other
  compounds
• Lipoproteins LDL HDL

6
(No Transcript)
7
Cardiovascular System Blood Vessels

• Arteries vessels carrying blood AWAY from the
  heart
• Veins vessels carrying blood TOWARDS the heart
• Capillaries smaller vessels that connect
  arteries and veins
• Arteries veins have 3 layers
• Inner epithelial cells
• Middle smooth muscle
• Outer connective tissue

8
Cardiovascular System Circulation

• Heart
• back of chest wall directly behind sternum
• Composed of 2 networks
• Pulmonary circulation blood flow between heart
  and lungs
• Systemic circulation blood flow between heart
  and rest of body

9
(No Transcript)
10
(No Transcript)
11
(No Transcript)
12
Parts of Heart

• Right atrium
• Right ventricle
• Left atrium
• Left ventricle
• Tricuspid valve
• Bicuspid valve
• Septum
• Pulmonary arteries
• Pulmonary veins

• Pericardium
• AV valve
• SL valve
• Pulmonary valve
• Aortic valve
• Aorta
• Superior vena cava
• Inferior vena cava

13
Cardiovascular System Pulmonary Pathway

• Blood enters right atrium from superior and
  inferior vena cava
• Pumps blood through tricuspid valve (AV valve)
  into right ventricle
• Pumped through pulmonary valve (SL valve) to
  pulmonary arteries to lungs to become oxygenated
  blood
• Pumped into pulmonary veins and into left atrium
• Through mitral (bicuspid) valve into left
  ventricle
• Pumped through aortic valve (SL valve) through
  aorta to rest of body
• http//www.stjosephaspirin.com/page.jhtml?id/stjo
  seph/include/5_2.inc

14
Heart Animations
http//www.smm.org/heart/heart/pumping-f.htm
http//www.smm.org/heart/heart/in-out.htm
15
(No Transcript)
16
(No Transcript)
17
Cardiovascular System Heartbeat

• SA node (sinoatrial) group of specialized
  heart-muscle cells located in right atrium
• Initiate electrical impulse causes atria to
  contract
• Pacemaker
• Electrical impulse moves to AV node
  (atrioventricular)
• Located in septum
• Causes ventricles to contract
• 2 phases lub-dub sound
• Systole ventricles contract AV close SL
  open
• Diastole ventricles relax AV open SL close
• http//www.guidant.com/condition/heart/heart_valve
  s.shtml

18
Cardiovascular System Blood Pressure

• Blood pressure force that blood exerts against
  the walls of a blood vessel
• Highest in two main arteries leaving heart
• Systolic pressure pressure of blood when the
  ventricles contract
• Diastolic pressure pressure of blood when the
  ventricles relax
• Average 120/70

19
Cardiovascular System Systemic Pathway

• Coronary circulation
• System that supplies blood to heart
• Atherosclerosis buildup of fatty material on
  interior walls of coronary artery cause of
  heart attack
• Renal circulation
• Supplies blood to kidneys
• ¼ of blood pumped through aorta
• Hepatic portal circulation
• Supplies blood to liver

20
Cardiovascular Diseases

• http//www.guidant.com/condition/heart/cardiovascu
  lar.shtml
• Electrical Signals
• http//www.guidant.com/condition/heart/heart_signa
  ls.shtml

21
Lymphatic System

• Function return fluids that have collected in
  tissues to the bloodstream
• Lymph excess fluid in the tissues
• Lymph vessels one way system
• Moved through tissues by squeezing of skeletal
  muscle
• Lymph nodes small organs that filter lymph as
  it passes
• Lymphocytes WBC specialized to fight disease