NEW TREND OF NONPROLIFERATION AND NUCLEAR FUEL CYCLE

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NEW TREND OF NON-PROLIFERATION AND NUCLEAR FUEL
CYCLE

• HIROYOSHI KURIHARA
• SENIOR EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR
• NUCLEAR MATERIAL CONTROL CENTER
• TOKYO JAPAN

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• INTRODUCTION
• BRIEF HISTORY OF NUCLEAR ENERGY DEVELOPMENT
• NON-PROLIFERATION REGIME
• NUCLEAR ENERGY DEVELOPMENT AND NON-PROLIFERATION
  IN THE TWENTY-FIRST CENTURY
• CONCLUSION

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INTRODUCTION

• - The twentieth Century
• - a Century of science and technology
• e.g. Computer science, space technology,
  life science / biotechnology
  nuclear energy
• - a Century of war
• 2 World Wars, a Cold War
  Weapon of mass destruction
• Nuclear weapon ( military and
  political weapon) - a Century of
  nation states
• - Nuclear Energy for peaceful purposes / military
  purposes
• - Non-diversion
• - The twenty-first Century ?
  

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BRIEF HISTORY OF NUCLEAR ENERGY DEVELOPMENT

• - Eisenhowers Atoms for Peace speech in 1953
• - Bilateral cooperation vs. International
  cooperation
• - Japans case for development and utilization
• - American era, the Cold War and NPT
• - European era and export
• - The Post Cold War and Asian era
• - September 11 terrorist attacks
• - Nuclear renaissance

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NON-PROLIFERATION REGIME

• Regime measures and non-regime measures
• Bilateral control -- international control
• NPT, illicit trafficking control, CTBT, FMCT
• Evolution of the regime - NPT safeguards
  Additional protocol - NSG export control dual
  item list - Revision of CPPNM and physical
  protection guidelines - regimes for non state
  actors
• Problems - NPT, CTBT, FMCT - Universality
  problem - Unilateralism

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NUCLEAR ENERGY DEVELOPMENT AND NON-PROLIFERATION
IN THE TWENTY-FIRST CENTURY

• New technology suitable for new social
  environment GEN IV and INPRO
• The role of government and private sectors
• Personal recommendations(1) More frequent
  information exchange amongst various sectors
  should be organized in order to accelerate
  mutual understanding(2) Coordination among
  various elements of non-proliferation regime
  should be intensified(3) Strengthening and
  unification of various elements of national
  system is needed. A concept of NNCS

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CONCLUSION

• - In the twenty-first Century - Advancement of
  science and technology will continue. - War,
  civil war and regional conflict will not
  cease. - Preference of possessing nuclear
  weapons by state and non-state actor will
  remain. - The power of nation state will be
  gradually weakened, but still play very
  important role.
• - Non-proliferation consideration will be
  continued as an important issue in the political
  field, therefore, the nuclear community has to
  take into account it when it considers new
  development.