France in the Late 1700s

1
France in the Late 1700s

• Based on the Reading we did, what is the state of
  France in the years before the Revolution?
• Politically
• Economically
• Socially
• Intellectually

2
The French Revolution

• 1789 1799 (Revolution)
• 1800 1815 (Napoleon)

3
American Revolution 1775 - 1783

• War between the British Empire and their North
  American Colonies
• Ends after French Intervention
• Military
• Navy
• Money and Weapons

4
The Causes and the Effects

• Causes
• British Mercantilist Policies
• High Concentrations of European Settlers
• Disagreement over Frontier Rights and Taxes
• Enlightenment Ideas
• John Locke et al

• Effects
• French Bankruptcy
• Independent, Western Style Democratic Republic
  Formed
• First Successful rebellion by a colony against
  the Mother Country
• Helps to Inspire the French Revolution

5
Crisis1787 and 1788

• - King Louis XVI
• - Calling of the Estates General
• 1st Estate
• 2nd Estate
• 3rd Estate

6
Phases of the Revolution

• Initial Phase
• Estates General reaches a deadlock
• Tennis Court Oath
• (1st and 3rd Estate make a deal)
• Creation of the National Convention and abolition
  of the Estates General
• Declaration of the Rights of Man written

7
Phases of the Revolution

• Attempts at forming a Constitutional Monarchy
  Fail, when the King dresses as a Woman and
  attempts to flee Paris
• Imprisoned, the King and Queen await trial for
  crimes against the people
• Motto of the French Revolution
• Liberty, Equality, Fraternity

8
Radical Phase 1792 - 1794

• Maximillian Robespierre and the Reign of Terror
• Jacobins (leftist group) take power in the Newly
  formed National Assembly
• The Path must be paved for a New Republic by
  washing away the old
• King and Aristocrats are executed
• Committee for Public Saftey
• Church Lands Seized by Government and Priests
  expelled from France.
• New Calendar and the Cult of Reason

9
Execution of the King and European Intervention

• Absolute Monarchs throughout Europe were filled
  with fear after Louis execution and mobilize
  armies to crush the rebellion
• They are beaten back by rabid and patriotic
  conscripted Frenchmen
• Marseilles written as national anthem
• Adoption of the French Tricolor as the state flag

10
End of the Terror - 1794

• Robespierre Executed
• Executions end.
• The Directory is formed
• 5 man government which replaces the national
  assembly and the committee for public safety
• Thermadorian Reaction

11
Conservative Phase of the Revolution 1799 - 1815

• Napoleon Bonaparte
• Rises to Power fighting in Italy and Egypt for
  France
• Artillery Specialist
• Seizes Power in 1799 and declares himself First
  Consul
• Plunges Europe into a massive war that lasts (on
  and off) until 1815

12
Spreading the Ideals of the Revolutionby Force
13
1 - Continental System a trade embargo on
English goods. Napoleon thought that the nation
of shopkeepers wouldnt be able to survive
without trade from the continent.
2 Invasion of Russia Napoleon entered Russia
with an army of almost 600,000 men. After the
winter weather and the retreat from Moscow, he
would return with less then 20,000.
3 Nationalism Napoleon used his armies to
spread the ideas of the revolution. Liberty,
Equality and Brotherhood Unfortunately, a lot of
the people he conquered took his message to
heartand started to fight back as soon as they
had the chance.
4 Peninsular War 1808-1812 Rebellion in
Spain and Guerilla fighting tied down a
significant portion of Napoleons forces, making
him look foolish and giving his enemies
confidence and a base of operations close to
France