Selling an Idea or a Product

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• Neurological Basis of Behavior
• General Considerations
• for any behavior, animal must
• Recognize relevant stimuli (stimulus filtering)
• Make a decision to respond (information
  integration)
• Execute appropriate motor program

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Neurological Basis of Behavior I. The
Neuron A. Morphology and types
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axon
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• Types of neurons
• sensory neurons (afferent)
• motor neurons (efferent)
• interneurons

axon
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I. The Neuron B. Membrane properties --
semipermeable membrane -- Na, K, (Ca)
channels -- chemically gated electrically
gated 1. resting neuron
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Internal charge -- Na channels
closed Naout gtgt Nain K channels
open Kin gtgt Kout
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Na/K Pump

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Internal charge -- Na channels
closed Naout gtgt Nain K channels
open Kin gtgt Kout
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I. The Neuron B. Membrane properties
1. resting neuron -- resting potential -60
to -70 mV -- depolarization --
hyperpolarization
depolarization
hyperpolarization
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Neurological Basis of Behavior I. The Neuron
B. Membrane properties 2. action
potential self-propagating depolarization of
neuronal membrane
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Action Potential
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Neurological Basis of Behavior I. The Neuron
B. Membrane properties 3. speed of
conduction a. axon diameter
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Neurological Basis of Behavior I. The Neuron
B. Membrane properties 3. speed of
conduction a. axon diameter b.
sheathing
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Neurological Basis of Behavior I. The Neuron
C. The synapse 1. electrical synapse

AP
Pre-synaptic neuron
Post-synaptic neuron
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Neurological Basis of Behavior I. The Neuron
C. The synapse 1. electrical synapse

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Neurological Basis of Behavior I. The Neuron
C. The synapse 1. electrical synapse
2. chemical synapse
synapse video clip
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Chemical Synapse
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Chemical Synapse
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Neurological Basis of Behavior I. The Neuron
C. The synapse 2. chemical synapse a.
functional types -- excitatory
depolarize post-synaptic membrane
-- inhibitory hyperpolarize post-synaptic
membrane
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I. The Neuron C. The synapse 2.
chemical synapse b. transmission ratios (no.
of times each input from pre-synaptic neuron
causes post-synaptic neuron to
respond) -- 11 -- multiplying (ex.
14) -- dividing (ex. 51)
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I. The Neuron C. The synapse 3.
integration within neurons summation of
inputs
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Example prey catching in hypothetical animal
chameleon feeding video clip
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Example prey catching in hypothetical animal
HC
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EC
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Prey catching motor program
IN
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SN
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IN interneuron SN sensory neurons SR
stretch receptor HC hunger center EC escape
center
SR
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HC
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EC
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Prey catching motor program
IN
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41
SN
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SR
SN SR HC EC IN 16 2 1
1 1 (4) (-2) (2)
(-3)
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• II. Stimulus-Response Relationships
• A. General considerations
• for any behavior, animal must
• Recognize relevant stimuli (stimulus filtering)
• Make a decision to respond (information
  integration)
• Execute appropriate motor program

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II. Stimulus-Response Relationships B.
Classical Ethological View 1. example egg
retrieval in greylag goose
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II. Stimulus-Response Relationships B.
Classical Ethological View 1. example egg
retrieval in greylag goose
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II. Stimulus-Response Relationships B.
Classical Ethological View 2. Ethological
model a. Sign stimulus specific stimulus
that triggers one particular behavior --
simple aspects (not mental photographs) --
supernormal stimulus exaggerated stimulus
that elicits stronger response than normal sign
stimulus -- if used in communication releaser
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Three-spine stickleback releaser
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II. Stimulus-Response Relationships B.
Classical Ethological View 2. Ethological
model b. Innate releasing mechanism
(IRM) neural mechanism that responds to one
specific sign stimulus and releases on
particular behavior c. Fixed action pattern
(FAP) inborn motor program that once
released runs to completion regardless of
feedback
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Yawning FAP and releaser
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II. Stimulus-Response Relationships C.
Neurological mechanisms 1. stimulus
recognition/filtering -- sensory
tuning -- neurons designed to respond only to
one particular stimuli sign stimulus a.
Ticks and butyric acid
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II. Stimulus-Response Relationships C.
Neurological mechanisms 1. stimulus
recognition b. Feeding in gull chicks
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II. Stimulus-Response Relationships C.
Neurological mechanisms 1. stimulus
recognition c. Advantages and disadvantages
of sign stimuli
(gape marks)
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Code Breaking in Cuckoos
cuckoo bird video clip
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Code Breaking in Cuckoos
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Mimicry of Gape Marks in Cuckoos Parasite Host
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Code Breaking in Cuckoos
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Horsfields-hawk cuckoo and bush robin host
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Bee Mimicry by Orchid
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Mouth brooding in cichlids(intraspecific code
breaking)
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Egg mimicry in cichlid fish
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Egg mimicry in cichlid fish
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Parent-infant interactions
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Parent-infant interactions
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Stick Mimic
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Mantis Mimicry
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Mimicry in Moths
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Hawk Moth Caterpillar
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Hawk Moth Caterpillar
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Aposematic (warning) coloration
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Batesian Mimicry
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Batesian MimicryUnpalatable
Palatable Model Mimic
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Spider mimicry by tephritid fly
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Glochidium larva of Freshwater Clam
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Mimicry in Freshwater Clam