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Origins of the Cold War and Containment

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For Kennan, the Cold War gave the United States its historic opportunity to ... Historians often use it to mark the starting date of the Cold War. The Marshall Plan ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Origins of the Cold War and Containment


1
Origins of the Cold War and Containment
2
Winston Churchill
  • In 1946, Winston Churchill delivered his "Iron
    Curtain" speech.
  • Although today it is regarded as one of the most
    influential speeches of the period, the speech
    was not well received at the time.
  • Some thought Churchill was seeking an Anglo-Saxon
    alliance against the Soviet Union -- something
    the general American public felt unnecessary at
    the time.

3
George Kennan
  • The single document that best illustrated
    American anti-communism and general suspicion of
    Soviet aspirations, was George Kennan's famous
    Long Telegram of 1946.
  • Kennan witnessed collectivization and the terror
    from close range
  • In 1946, Kennan was 44 years old, fluent in the
    Russian language and its affairs, and decidedly
    anti-communist.
  • The essence of Kennan's telegram was published in
    Foreign Affairs in 1947 as "The Sources of Soviet
    Conduct" and circulated everywhere.
  • For Kennan, the Cold War gave the United States
    its historic opportunity to assume leadership of
    what would eventually be described as the "free
    world."

4
Truman Doctrine
  • Truman stressed the duty of the United States to
    combat totalitarian regimes worldwide.
  • His March 12, 1947 speech specifically called for
    400 million in aid to be delivered to Greece and
    Turkey.
  • The Doctrine shifted American foreign policy as
    regards the Soviet Union from Détente to, as
    George F. Kennan phrased it, a policy of
    containment of Soviet expansion. Historians often
    use it to mark the starting date of the Cold War.

5
The Marshall Plan
  • The Marshall Plan was proposed to help Europe
    begin its ascent from the ashes of World War II.
  • The Plan took root in the Economic Cooperation
    Administration (ECA) created by Congress in
    April, 1948.
  • Its official title was the European Recovery
    Program.

This map shows aid received by European nations
in a graphical format.
6
NATO Treaty and Warsaw Pact
  • The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) was
    established as an international organization for
    defense collaboration established in 1949 which
    attempted to align nations opposed to Soviet
    expansion.
  • Similarly, the Warsaw Pact was signed by eastern
    European nations in an effort to combat western
    alliances.

This map shows the division of Europe between the
NATO Treaty (green) and the Warsaw Pact (orange).
The United States and Canada are also part of
NATO.
7
Cold War Maps
These two maps illustrate the shifting global
alliances evident from 1959 to 1982 at the end of
the Cold War
8
(No Transcript)
9
  • Multimedia Citations
  • Slide 2 http//www.24hourmuseum.org.uk/chg/conten
    t/images/2005_1053.JPG
  • Slide 3 http//media.npr.org/news/images/2005/mar
    /18/george_kennan150.jpg
  • Slide 4 http//claver.gprep.org/fac/sjochs//truma
    n1.jpg
  • Slide 5 http//content.answers.com/main/content/w
    p/en/thumb/2/24/300px-Marshall_Plan.png
  • Slide 6 http//www.worldstats.org/continents/euro
    pe/maps/history_6.gif
  • Slide 7 http//users.erols.com/mwhite28/coldwar1.
    htm
  • Slide 8 http//users.erols.com/mwhite28/coldwar1.
    htm
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