U.S. History 2408 http:students.resa.netmilewski

1
U.S. History 2/4/08http//students.resa.net/milew
ski

• OBJECTIVE Examine the origins of the Cold War.
• I. Journal 2pt.A
• -Re-read Superpowers Struggle over Germany
  p.607
  
• -Answer question D. p.607
• II. Journal 2 pt.B
• -Film on the Berlin Airlift
• III. Journal 2 pt.C
• -notes on Soviet Control of Eastern Europe
• IV. Homework due Friday 2/8/08
• 1.) Book covered (due Wednesday)
• 2.) Syllabus signed and returned
• 3.) Read Ch18 sec1 p.602-608
• -Answer questions (1-3) p.630
• 4.) Read Chapter18 section2 p.609-615
• -Answer questions (3-5) p.615

2
Rebuilding Germany

• The British, French, and the United States
  rebuilt their zones using the Capitalism model.
  
  
• The Soviet Union rebuilt their zone using the
  Communist model.
  
• In 1949, the British, French, and Americans
  united their zones and set up the nation of West
  Germany.
  
• Stalin, the leader of the Soviet Union, feared
  the rebirth of Germany and set up a Communist
  dictatorship in East Germany.

3
The Berlin Airlift

• 1.) What event led to the Berlin Airlift?
• 2.) How did the amount of goods to Berlin change
  over the course of the airlift?
  
• 3.) What accommodations needed to be made to make
  the airlift a success?
  
• 4.) What eventually convinced the Soviets to end
  the blockade?

4
A Divided Germany

• With Germany divided into two separate nations,
  one Communist and one Capitalist, tensions grew
  between the former allies (France, Britain, the
  U.S., and the Soviet Union.)
• When the British, French, and American tried to
  unite their zones in Berlin, Stalin reacted by
  blockading the city. This led to the Berlin
  Airlift.

5
The 38th Parallel

• After WWII, like former Nazi Germany, the Soviet
  Union and the United States split control of
  Korea along the 38th Parallel.
  
• On the North side the Soviets turned Korea into
  Communists. On the South side of that line the
  Americans made Korea Capitalist.
  
• North Korea - Communist
• South Korea Capitalist

6
A Divided Korea

• In 1948, Korea officially split into two
  nations.
  
• In 1950, North Korea invaded South Korea.
• -N. Korea got weapons, supplies, and training
  from the Soviet Union.
  
• -S. Korea got weapons, supplies, and training
  from the U.S. 15 other U.N. countries.

7
U.S. History 2/5/08http//students.resa.net/milew
ski

• OBJECTIVE Examine the origins of the Cold War.
• I. Journal3 pt.A
• -Read U.S. Aims Versus Soviet Aims in Europe
  p.604
  
• -Answer question (1-2) p.604
• II. Journal3 pt.B
• -notes on Soviet Control of Eastern Europe
• III. Homework due Friday 2/8/08
• 1.) Book covered (due tomorrow)
• 2.) Syllabus signed and returned
• 3.) Read Ch18 sec1 p.602-608
• -Answer questions (1-3) p.630
• 4.) Read Chapter18 section2 p.609-615
• -Answer questions (3-5) p.615

8
After Potsdam

• Soviets tightened their hold over Eastern Europe
• Free elections in Poland took almost two years.
  By then, the Soviets installed communist
  government had eliminated all political
  opposition.
• Albanian communist forces drove the Germans out
  of Albania in 1944. When free elections were
  held in 1945, all anti-communist leaders had been
  silenced.
• Soviet troops rolled into Bulgaria in 1944 and
  communists secured their hold on the country by
  1948.

9
Czechoslovakia

• In Czechoslovakia communist candidates won 40 of
  the vote in free elections in 1946, but communist
  repression in neighboring countries hurt their
  popularity.
• Communists plotted to take power. They replaced
  all non-communist police with party members and
  then staged riots. By 1948, Czechoslovakia was a
  Soviet satellite.
• Satellite a nation that owes allegiance to a
  stronger neighboring country. All political
  decisions are approved by the stronger nation.

10
The rest of Eastern Europe

• Communists lost elections in Hungary in late
  1945. Soviet troops remained and demanded
  communist control of the police. They arrested
  non-communist leaders and allowed communists to
  hold new elections in 1947
• In Romania, Soviet forces made the king appoint a
  communist prime minister. Two years later, the
  prime minister forced the king to step down.
  
• In East Germany, Stalin imposed a communist
  regime. In 1949 it was renamed the German
  Democratic Republic.
  
• Finland remained independent on domestic affairs
  and neutral on international affairs based on a
  treaty with the Soviets in 1948.

11
Tito

• Before WWII, Tito was a member of an outlawed
  Communist Party in Yugoslavia.
  
• Following, the Yalta conference Tito tightened
  his power in Yugoslavia with a secret police
  loyal to him and eliminated opposition.
  
• Tito ignored suggestions from Stalin on how to
  organize the government and the economy.
  
• In 1948, Stalin kicked Yugoslavia out of the
  socialist camp. Tito had to go it alone
  without the aid of the other communist
  countries.
• Tito eventually decentralized control of the
  economy and received aid from the west.

http//www.titoville.com/images/tito-biggest.jpg
12
Greece Turkey

• In 1945, the Soviets threatened to take control
  of Turkey. In addition, civil war in Greece
  threatened a communist victory.
  
• In 1947, Great Britain announced that they could
  no longer provide military protection for Turkey
  Greece. They suggested that the U.S. take their
  place.
• Under Secretary of State, Dean Acheson, said that
  Great Britain, handed the job of the world
  leadership, with all its burdens and all its
  glory, to the United States.

13
U.S. History 2/6/08http//students.resa.net/milew
ski

• OBJECTIVE Examine the policies of containment.
• I. Journal 4 pt.A
• -Examine the graph The Marshall Plan p.606
• -Answer question (1-2) p.606
• II. Journal 4 pt.B
• -notes on containment
• III. Homework due Friday 2/8/08
• 1.) Syllabus signed and returned
• 2.) Read Ch18 sec1 p.602-608
• -Answer questions (1-3) p.630
• 3.) Read Chapter18 section2 p.609-615
• -Answer questions (3-5) p.615

14
American Reaction

• In 1946, American diplomat George Kennan analyzed
  the Soviet behavior and concluded that they could
  be defeated by intelligent long range policies.
  
• The plan
• 1.) Recognized that Eastern Europe was already
  lost to Communism
  
• 2.)Stop the Soviets from supporting and aiding
  Communist governments around the world.

15
The Truman Doctrine

• In March 1947, in a speech before a joint session
  of Congress, President Truman called on the U.S.
  to take a leadership role in the world. This
  statement of principles became known as the
  Truman Doctrine.
• Congress agreed and approved 400 million in aid
  to Greece and Turkey between 1947 1950.
  
• In total the U.S. provided 13 Billion to aid the
  peoples of 16 European nations.

16
The Process

• Marshall Plan rebuild war torn European
  countries with western style democracies and
  capitalist economic systems. The aid was open to
  all nations, but the Soviet Union block countries
  under there control from receiving it.
• The Marshall Plan made the communists in Western
  Europe lose popularity as the nations who
  received aid prospered.
  
• In 1949, ten of the nations that received aid
  joined a defensive military alliance with the
  U.S. and Canada. NATO, the North Atlantic Treaty
  Organization provided for a common defense in the
  event of attack, which was feared to come from a
  communist nation.
• Greece Turkey joined in 1952 and West Germany
  in 1955.

17
Soviet Response to NATO

• The Soviets did not form a military alliance
  until 1955 following West German rearmament and
  admission into NATO.
  
• Warsaw Pact seven member Eastern European
  military alliance including the Soviet Union.

18
In Asia

• Since 1921Communist forces in China led by Mao
  Zedong had been fighting against the nationalist
  forces (capitalists) led by Chiang Kai-shek.
  
• By 1931, the Communists were on the verge of
  defeat when Japan invaded Manchuria (Eastern
  China)
  
• Mao Chiang set aside their difference and
  fought to expel the Japanese. (Capitalists
  Communists team up to fight common enemy, sound
  familiar?)
• In 1945, with Japan defeated, the civil war
  started again

19
The backers of Mao Chiang

• The United States gave aid to the nationalist
  forces and the communist forces received aid from
  the Soviet Union.
  
• In 1949, the nationalists had been expelled from
  mainland China. The nationalist forces retreated
  to the island of Taiwan.
  
• The defeat of the nationalists stunned Americans.
  Containment had failed, or had it?
  
• The Soviets recognized the government of China as
  the one in Beijing. The United States recognized
  the government of China as the one in Taipei.

20
U.S. History 2/7/08http//students.resa.net/milew
ski

• OBJECTIVE Examine the Korean War.
• I. Journal5 pt.A
• -Examine the map on p.613
• -Answer questions (1-2) p.613
• II. Journal5 pt.B
• -notes on the Korean War 1950-1953
• III. Homework due tomorrow!
• 1.) Syllabus signed and returned
• 2.) Read Ch18 sec1 p.602-608
• -Answer questions (1-3) p.630
• 3.) Read Chapter18 section2 p.609-615
• -Answer questions (3-5) p.615

21
U.S. History 2/8/08http//students.resa.net/milew
ski

• OBJECTIVE Examine the Red Scare.
• I. Journal 6pt.A
• -Read McCarthy Launches his Witch Hunt
  p.620-621
  
• -Examine the Skillbuilder p.621
• -Answer the Skillbuilder questions p.621
• II. Journal6pt.B
• -notes on film Red Scare