Thomas A. Swift Electric Rifle

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Thomas A. Swift Electric Rifle
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Second death following Taser use sparks call for
moratorium

• The death in Montreal Thursday of a second man
  stunned by a Taser gun in Canada this week is
  prompting concerns about the use of the weapon,
  but a recent U.S. study says the weapon inflicts
  very few serious injuries.
• http//www.canada.com/topics/news/national/story.h
  tml?id1c0892fd-d008-4e3e-a9b5-71a1e6a0dec1

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• While the actual causes of death have yet to be
  determined, the incidents are reviving debate on
  the use Taser guns.
• The two recent deaths bring to 17 the number of
  victims to have died in Canada shortly after
  being hit with a Taser. In many cases the men
  also had illegal drugs in their system and often
  pepper spray or other restraints were used as
  well as the Taser.

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• But in a recent study funded by the U.S. Justice
  Department, researchers tracking police Taser use
  on 962 people from July 2005 to June 2007 found
  very few suffered serious injury.
• Three people sustained moderate or severe
  non-fatal injuries. Two had head injuries when
  they fell to the ground after being stunned.
  Another had a type of muscle breakdown, the
  researchers said. Another 216 people sustained
  minor injuries like cuts, and 743 suffered no
  injury, the study found.

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• Dr. Christine Hall, an in-custody death expert
  from Victoria, said "99.7 per cent of field
  applications resulted in no or minimal injury. In
  that series there were two deaths and in each of
  those cases the technology was found to be
  unrelated to the death."

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• Since their introduction in 2001, Tasers have
  been used by the RCMP about 4,000 times and at
  least as many times by other police associations.

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The Evolution of Weapons
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Invention of Weapons

• Early hand-to-hand combat more successful with a
  stone in the hand
• Leverage advantage of a handle in club or axe
• Then came the spear with the safety of distance
  for the attacker.

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Added Technology

• The sling allowed stones to be thrown greater
  distances with greater force.

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Sling and Arrows

• The use of the bow and arrows allowed more
  killing at a distance.

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The Crossbow

• Although associated with medieval times, the
  crossbow dates back to more than 300 BC.

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The Longbow

• At the battle of Agincourt in 1415, 1,000 arrows
  were fired every second. After the battle,
  observers wrote that the white feathers from the
  flights were so thick on the ground, it looked
  like snow.

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The Stirrup

• Introduced to Europe in AD 732
• You could set yourself down in the saddle, put
  your feet in the stirrup, put a lance under your
  arm and drive a spear into the enemy, the weight,
  the speed and the power of the horse became part
  of the weapon that the cavalry man was and that
  depended on the stirrup.

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Early Chemistry

• The first serious chemistry done by humans
  probably had to do with the extraction of metals
  from their ores. Metals such as copper and gold
  found in their native state would have been found
  to possess the property of malleability which
  would allow them to be shaped in ways that
  nonmetals could not be shaped.
• Hammer copper and you can shape it and sharpen
  it.
• Hammer rock and it breaks or crumbles.

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Copper Weapons

• The heating of copper ore in fire to extract the
  metal dates back to 4000 B.C. or so.

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Bronze

• In the next thousand or so years we discovered
  that by heating copper-containing rocks and
  tin-containing rocks together a harder metal
  could be produced.
• This copper-tin alloy was bronze, the metal
  employed in the weapons armour used by both sides
  in the Trojan War.

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The Smith

• An army without metal weapons could not hope to
  defeat an army with metal weapons. The metal
  worker was a very important member of society.

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The Smith

• It is not by accident that Smith or its
  equivalent is the most common name among the
  European peoples
• Smythe,
• Schmidt
• Smyth

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Iron Age

• Around 1250 B.C. the Hittites, in eastern Asia
  Minor, perfected the secret of smelting iron
  using charcoal fires with good ventilation. Pure
  iron is not very hard but an iron weapon would
  pick up enough carbon from the charcoal to form a
  surface layer of steel.

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Iron Age

• An army equipped with iron weapons could defeat
  an army equipped with bronze weapons. The Bronze
  Age gave way to the Iron Age by about 900 B.C.
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Medieval Castles

• Offensive and defensive aspects
• Control
• Refuge

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Siege Weapons
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Explosives

• Gunpowder
• Invented by the Chinese who used it for fireworks
• Roger Bacon experimented with gunpowder in the
  13th century

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Recipe for Gunpowder

• Potassium Nitrate

• Charcoal

• Sulfur

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Ignite and this reaction takes place

• 2KNO3(s) 3C(s) S(s) ?N2(g) 3CO2(g) K2S(s)

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Firearms

• Matchlock Arquebus
• First hand-held firearm
• 1500s

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1600s

• Blunderbuss
• Wide range of projectiles
• Unpredictable
• Used right through the nineteenth century

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1836

• Samuel Colt patents the Colt revolver in the USA

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Ross rifle

• The Ross rifle was a straight-pull bolt-action
  .303 calibre rifle produced in Canada from 1903
  until the middle of the First World War, when it
  was withdrawn from service in Europe due to its
  unreliability under wartime conditions, and its
  widespread unpopularity among the soldiers.

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AK47 - Kalashnikov

• Avtomat Kalashnikova 1947
• inexpensive to manufacture and exceptionally
  reliable even in tough conditions

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Multiplying the Effect

• Puckle Gun
• 1718

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http//www.uzi.com/

• Full size Uzi Sub-Machine Gun
• Weighs about 4 kg
• 65 cm long
• 600 rounds/min

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Sailing Vessels

• Greek Triremes dating back to almost 500 BC were
  designed to ram other ships

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Sea battles like all battles were brutal
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Aircraft Carriers
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Submarines
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Nuclear Submarines

• Russian Typhoon class, which can remain submerged
  for 6 months and carry nuclear missiles capable
  of destroying multiple cities.

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Airplanes quickly became weapons

• December 17th, 1903 the Wright brothers fly the
  first heavier-than-air machine

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Their role increased in scope
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Airplanes as Weapons

• Terrorists turn passenger planes into bombs

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Rockets

• German V-2 Rocket of WW II
• First ballistic missile
• Engineer Werner von Braun

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The scope of rockets increased - icbm