ASIANS

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ASIANS
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CHINESE
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CHINESE IMMIGRATION

• 19TH CENTURY
• 1882 PASSAGE OF THE EXCLUSION ACT,REPEALED IN
  1943
• AFTER 1943, ONLY 105 PER YEAR ALLOWED

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CITIZENSHIP OF ASIANS

• NOT ELIGIBLE UNTIL 1943
• 1965 IMMIGRATION ACT
• THIS ACT ALLOWED LARGE NUMBERS TO ENTER U.S.

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Yellow Peril(Fear of Chinese)

• Community doubled its numbers after 1965-created
  growing fear and hostility
• Chinese gained favor with white Americans during
  the 1930s

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Community Life

• Strong associations
• Carry over from China3 types
• TsuClans
• Hui kuanbenevolent associations
• Tongssecret societies

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Explanation of Clans

• Tsu-focus on kinship
• Hui kuan-provides loans settles disputesbased
  on district of origin
• Tong-secret societiesranges from political to
  illegal type services

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Summary and problems

• Not immune to the social ills
• Population density has increased in these areas
• Plight of the women is very harsh receive little
  rewards
• Language insulation

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Japanese Americans
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Early Immigration

• Japan prohibited emigration
• After 1885, there was more coming,but small in
  relationship to European immigration

• 1890s large immigration
• Worked as laborers, and were unpopular with other
  workers
• Encountered the bigotry, which had been aimed at
  the Chinese

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Generational Divide

• Distinguish themselves based upon a familys
  generational history in U.S.
• Each successive generation is more acculturated
  likely to know little Japanese

• Issei-1st generation, but born in Japan
• Nisei-2nd generation, and 1st to born in the U.S.
• Sansei-3rd generationroots via grandparents

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Generation(continuation)

• Yonsei-4th generation
• Kibei(Keeboy)-refers to the Nisei who were sent
  back for schooling and have their marriages
  arranged.

• The kibei are less acculturate than the other
  Nisei
• Sometimes Nisei is used to refer to all Asians.

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Exclusionary practices

• 1913-California Alien Land Act
• 1920-above made stricter
• Act prohibit land ownership limited leases to
  three years.

• 1952-Japanese were able to apply for citizenship
  in U.S.
• These laws impacted the type of enterprise most
  would engage in. Many moved to urban areas

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Concentration camps

• 1942, Feb. 13th, FDR signed Executive Order 9066
• Permission for direct expulsion of any persons
  viewed as threats to security

• Those with 1/8th of ancestry on West Coast taken
  into camps
• Only allowed to take a few personal items
• No protection for possessions left

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