Flowing Water Systems Design considerations

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Flowing Water Systems Design considerations

• Ken Semmens
• Extension Specialist, Aquaculture

2008 Trout Culture Workshop
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Flowing Water Systems

• Layout
• Materials
• Components
• Types of flowing water systems

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• Schematics of circulating ponds used in
  aquaculture (Klontz).

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• Schematics of circulating ponds used in
  aquaculture (Klontz).

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Schematic of the Kingfisher D-end Circulating
Pond (from Klontz)
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Types of Flowing Water Systems

• Traditional Raceways
• Floating Raceways
• Recirculating Systems

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Recirculating System
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The Freshwater Institute Jefferson County
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Floating Raceway
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Raceway at Dogwood Lake
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Greer Industries Pendleton County
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Flowing Springs Farm Raceway made
with cement blocks

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Serial reuseAdvantages
Disadvantages

• Waste Removal
• Transmission of disease
• Water Quality declines with each use.

• Proven Format
• Predictable
• Low risk
• Labor efficient
• Easy to manage

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Water Volume

• Monthly observation of water source for at least
  one full season.
• Temperature
• Flow rate.
• Estimating Flow
• Cross section in feet (length x width).
• Multiply by velocity (ft/sec) to get ft3/second
• 1 ft3/s 448 gallons/minute (gpm)
• Design facility to operate at low flows.

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Suggested Water Quality Limits
By Skip Thompson, NCSU, Area Specialized Agent -
AquacultureLast Updated April, 2002
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Elevation

• Gravity flow
• Low risk of water failure
• No pumping cost
• Free oxygen with proper use of elevation.

• Need a foot of drop for a Low Head Oxygenator
  (LHO)

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Original Design Plan RMF
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Raceway Structures

• Intake Capture the water
• Head box Distribute the water
• Raceway Fish Production
• Effluent Treatment Recover and discharge the
  water

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Intake

• Train the water into a pipe.
• Conserve temperature
• Exclude
• Leaves
• Fish
• Predators

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From NCSU Extension
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From NCSU Extension
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Intake
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Raceways

• Recommend
• Gravity flow
• At least 4 exchanges/hour
• Maintain oxygen gt 5 mg/l

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Earthen raceways
Earthen Raceway
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Earthen raceway with liner and concrete water
control structures
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Gravity Flow No LHO
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Gravity Flow with LHO
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Aeration

• Oxygen from the air is limited.
• Saturation, 1500 ft
• 50 F 10.68 mg/l
• 55 F 9.97 mg/l
• 60 F 9.44 mg/l

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Aeration by Powerhouse
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Diffusing the Air
Diffuser in Action
Air Diffuser Rack
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Tools of the Trade
Emergency Generator
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Oxygen

• Theoretically should be able to dissolve up to 5
  times the amount of oxygen with aeration.
• Practical expectation, - grow about 50 more fish
• Expensive to install and use, but has been shown
  to be cost effective.
• Reliable
• Do not require medical grade

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Oxygen
Compressed
Bulk Liquid Oxygen
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Dissolving Pure Oxygen
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Low-Head Oxygen Unit
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Another View of LHO Units
Front View
Top View
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Dissolving Oxygen(From Soderberg 1995)
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Dissolving Oxygen(From Soderberg 1995)
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Dissolving Oxygen
Saturometer
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Tools of the Trade
Grading Sorting Tools
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Holding Box
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Tools of the Trade
A Handy Yard Cart!
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Tools of the Trade
Platform Scales Easy to Weigh and Move Fish
About.
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Tools of the Trade
Disinfectant Tank
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Tools of the Trade
Cleaning Quiet Zone
Quiet Zone
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Tools of the Trade
Hauling Tank
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Tools of the Trade
Compost bin for mortalities
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Resources

• NC State Extension Web Site.
• WVU Extension
• Flowing Water Systems by Richard Soderberg.
• Visit other facilities.
• USTFA meetings.
• Springs of West Virginia
• Silver Cup Web Site
• Flowing Water Fish Barn Paper