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Consciousness

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Genital response is independent of dream content. Sleep-walking and talking are non-REM. Interpretation of dreams. Manifest content is symbolic of latent desires ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Consciousness


1
Consciousness
  • Consciousness as a social phenomenon
  • Consciousness and attention
  • Phenomena of consciousness

2
Consciousness as a social phenomenon
  • Behaviorists Consciousness is not important
  • Supernaturalists Consciousness is beyond science
  • Cognitivists Consciousness is available to study

3
What is the role of consciousness?
  • A separate set of functions of the brain?
  • An organizing principle for choice?
  • A unifying principle for the other functions of
    the mind?
  • A basis of communication, with ourselves and with
    each other?

4
Consciousness and attention
  • The stream of consciousness
  • Selective attention
  • Dichotic listening and shadowing
  • Implicit memory and emotional reactions
  • Interpreting ambiguous sentences
  • Superimposed videotapes and shapes
  • Attention focussing factors?

5
Phenomena of consciousness
  • The stream of consciousness Attention
  • Altered states of consciousness
  • Sleep and dreaming
  • Daydreaming and fantasy
  • Hypnosis
  • Drug-induced states
  • Mood states and learning

6
The sleep cycle
  • Electronic recording EEG, EOG, EMG
  • EEG patterns divide sleep into four stages
  • 1 a waves, 8 - 12 Hz, low amplitude, moderate
    frequency, similar to drowsy wakefulness
  • 2 slower frequency, higher amplitude, plus
  • K complexes
  • Sleep spindles
  • 3 d waves appear, 1-2 Hz, large amplitude
  • 4 Dominated by d waves

7
REM sleep phenomena
  • Stage 1 EEG Paradoxical sleep
  • EOG (and corneal bulge) show frequent eye
    movements, as if scanning a visual field.
  • EMG shows loss of muscle tonus due to downward
    inhibition of a motor neurons, although muscles
    moving hands and feet may twitch.
  • Many brain structures function as if awake.

8
More REM phenomena
  • SNS is partially activated Increases blood
    pressure, respiration, and heart rate.
  • Genital response
  • Narrative dreaming

9
Dream research
  • External stimuli may be incorporated into a
    dream.
  • Dream events happen in real time.
  • Everyone dreams recall depends on when in the
    sleep cycle you awaken.
  • Genital response is independent of dream content.
  • Sleep-walking and talking are non-REM.

10
Interpretation of dreams
  • Manifest content is symbolic of latent desires
    (Freud)
  • Activation-synthesis theory cf. incorporation of
    external events into dreams.
  • Lucid dreams Have you had one?

11
Why do we sleep?
  • Restoration, recuperation or repair
  • Protection with the circadian cycle
  • Circadian synthesis
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