Videotape

1
Videotape

• Component
• RGB--true component
• 1.5 times bandwidth of Y/Cr/Cb
• Y/Cr/Cb
• Luminance and 2 color difference signals
• S-Video (Y/C)
• Chroma more limited in bandwidth
• Composite
• NTSC, encoded

2
Time Code

• Time of Day/free run
• Referenced to clock
• Dedicated/record run
• Zero start

3
Time Code
LTC-longitudinal
VITC-vertical interval
Audio signal
Part of video
Poor at slow,still
Slow,still accurate
Can post stripe
Cannot post stripe
Good at high speed
High speed errors
4
Time Code

• Non drop frame
• 30 fps
• Not accurate length (.03 fps error)
• 1 hour 108 frames or 3.6 seconds
• Drop frame
• 29.97
• Accurate length
• Drops 00,01 at each new minute except at
  multiples of 10

5
Digital Un-Compressed

• D-1--component, 3/4
• 4 audio tracks
• Longitudinal SMPTE, CT, Audio cue
• D-2 Composite, 3/4
• Input/output composite
• D-3 -Composite, 1/2
• Smaller, cheaper, lighter
• D-4--not exist
• 4 taboo in Japanese, sounds like death

6
Digital Un-Compressed

• D-5--component, 1/2
• Smaller than D-1, but high quality
• D-5 HD
• 41 compression used to deal with 1.2 Gbps
• D-6, HDTV
• component
• D-7, to be DVC PRO

7
Digital Un-Compressed

• D-9, to be Digital S
• Sony HDD-1000
• 1.2 Gbps
• 1 open reel
• 350,000
• 1300 for 63 min tape)

8
Digital Compressed

• Ampex DCT
• 422
• 2-1,
• Digital Betacam
• 422
• 2.3-1,
• 4 ch 20 bit
• cue tc

9
Digital Compressed

• Digital S
• 422
• 3.3-1
• 4 ch 16 bit
• DVC Pro 50
• 422
• 3.3-1,
• 4 digital cue

10
Digital Compressed

• Betacam SX
• 422
• 10-1
• MPEG-2
• 4 ch 16 bit
• DV, DVC Pro
• 411
• 5-1,
• 2 ch 16 bit or 4 12 bit pcm

11
Analog Tape Formats

• 1 type C (1978)
• Reel to reel
• 3 audio, 50-15000 hz
• 11-13 generations
• Loud, big, bulky
• Still frame, slo and fast motion, picture in
  shuttle
• composite

12
Analog Tape Formats

• Betacam (1982)
• 1/2 from Sony
• Component
• Longitudinal and Hi-Fi audio
• Betacam SP (1987)
• Metal tape (higher bandwidth
• Both great for acquisition
• Quality, size
• not great for editing
• durability

13
Analog Tape Formats

• M and M-II (1986)
• 1/2 from Panasonic
• Good quality video and audio
• Component
• Equivalent to Betacam
• More dropout

14
Analog Tape Formats

• 3/4 (Sony 1972)
• 2 longitudinal audio channels
• Low quality
• Poor generation loss
• Was workhorse of news and production
• composite
• S-VHS, Ed-Beta, Hi8
• S-video
• Separate chroma and luminance
• Low cost , good quality
• Not durable, serious generation loss

15
Analog Tape Formats

• VHS
• Home format
• Ubiquitous
• Low (but acceptable) quality
• Poor generation loss
• cheap

16
DVCAM

• Metal Evaporated Tape
• DVCAM thicker than Mini-DV
• Maximum record time 184 mins
• Sampling (411)
• Luminance-13.5 MHz
• Color Difference 3.375 MHz
• Quantization
• 8 bits
• Compression Ratio 51

17
DVCAM

• Intra Frame Coding
• Shuffling to average detail across the image
• Improves compression efficiency
• Adaptive Interfield Compression
• if fields similar, compressed as same
• Each Video Frame is written to 10 tracks
• 480 usable scan lines
• 480/10 48 lines per track

18
DVCAM

• D-5 (10-bit uncompressed digital) 10
• D-1 (8-bit uncompressed digital) 9.9
• Digital Betacam, Ampex DCT 9.7
• D-9 (Digital-S), DVCPRO50 9.6
• DV, DVCAM, DVCPRO (D-7), Digital8 9
• MII, Betacam SP 8.9
• 1" Type C 8.7
• 3/4" SP 6.5
• 3/4", Hi8, SVHS 5.5
• Video 8, Betamax 4
• VHS 3.5

19
DVCAM

• Audio
• 2 channel audio
• 48 kHz
• -4 channel audio
• 32kHz

20
DVCAM/DV

• 1. Enhanced picture quality due to lower dropout
  rate.
• 2. Better durability because of the superior DLC
  (Diamond-Like Carbon) coating.
• 3. Improved physical stability for better
  tracking.
• 4. Tighter width specifications for excellent
  recorder compatibility.
• 5. Tracks .015 vs .010
• 6. Superior stability of picture and sound.