Intelligence Community and Classified Information

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Intelligence Community andClassified Information
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Intelligence and Information

• Information is data
• Gathered through a variety of means
• Intelligence is the result of analyzing
  information
• Intelligence can be public (open source) or
  classified
• Separate from policy

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US Intelligence Community
The IC is a federation of executive branch
agencies and organizations that work separately
and together to conduct intelligence activities
necessary for the conduct of foreign relations
and the protection of the national security of
the United States. These activities include

• Collection of information
• Production and dissemination of intelligence
• Collection of information concerning, and the
  conduct of activities to protect against,
  intelligence activities directed against the US,
  international terrorist and international
  narcotics activities, and other hostile
  activities directed against the US by foreign
  powers, organizations, persons, and their agents
• Special activities
• Administrative and support activities within the
  US and abroad necessary for the performance of
  authorized activities and
• Such other intelligence activities as the
  President may direct from time to time.

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Members of the IC
Department of the Treasury Drug Enforcement
Administration Federal Bureau of
Investigation Marine Corps Intelligence National
Geospatial-Intelligence Agency National
Reconnaissance Office National Security
Agency Navy Intelligence

• Director of National Intelligence
• Undersecretary of Defense for Intelligence
• Air Force Intelligence
• Army Intelligence
• Central Intelligence Agency
• Coast Guard Intelligence
• Defense Intelligence Agency
• Department of Energy
• Department of Homeland Security
• Department of State

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Types of Intelligence

• Human Intelligence (HUMINT) - primarily CIA
• Signals Intelligence (SIGINT) - primarily NSA
• Imagery Intelligence (IMINT) - primarily NGA
• Military Intelligence and Measurement and
  Signature Intelligence (MASINT) - primarily DIA

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National Security Agency

• NSA founded in 1952
• Fort Meade, MD
• largest component of the Community in terms of
• money and personnel
• Headed by uniformed officer and civilian deputy
• 2 major functions
• make codes (INFOSEC)
• break codes (SIGINT and COMMINT)

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CIA
Mission Statement
To provide accurate, comprehensive, and timely
foreign intelligence on national security
topics To conduct counterintelligence
activities, special activities, and other
functions related to foreign intelligence and
national security, as directed by the President.
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CIA

• Founded in 1947
• Successor of the OSS (Office Strategic Services)
• Langley, VA
• Budget and personnel about the size of the State
  Dept
• 3.4 billion
• 9,000
• Divided into 4 main directorates
• Directorate of Operations (Plans/Spying)
• Directorate of Intelligence (Analysis)
• Directorate of Science and Technology
• Directorate of Administration

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FBI

• The mission of the FBI is to uphold the law
  through the investigation of violations of
  federal criminal law to protect the United
  States from foreign intelligence and terrorist
  activities to provide leadership and law
  enforcement assistance to federal, state, local,
  and international agencies to perform these
  responsibilities in a manner that is responsive
  to the needs of the public and is faithful to the
  Constitution of the United States.

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FBI Directorate of Intelligence

• The mission of the Intelligence Program is to
  optimally position the FBI to meet current and
  emerging national security and criminal threats
  by
• Aiming core investigative work proactively
  against threats to U.S. interests
• Building and sustaining enterprise-wide
  intelligence policies and capabilities and
• Providing useful, appropriate, and timely
  information and analysis to the national
  security, homeland security, and law enforcement
  communities.
• Primary responsibility for domestic intelligence
• Other agencies must go through FBI

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Classified Information

• Intelligence and sensitive information is
  protected by classification
• Individuals are restricted from accessing
  classified information. Permission is granted
  only if
• The individual has the proper clearance and
• The individual has a need to know

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Levels of Classification

• Unclassified
• Confidential
• information which would "damage" national
  security if disclosed.
• Secret
• Information which would cause "serious damage" to
  national security.
• Top Secret
• information that would cause "exceptionally grave
  damage" to national security if disclosed

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Additional Categories

• Compartmentalized Information
• Sensitive Compartmented Information (SCI) in the
  IC
• Special Access Programs (SAP) in the DoD
• Information is further protected, with extra
  protections around need-to-know
• Information is segregated in SCIF areas to limit
  access

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Security Clearances

• Difference IC agencies have their own policies
  for granting clearances
• Investigations include
• NACLC
• SSBI
• Polygraph
• Top secret clearances can take 6 months to over a
  year

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Sharing Information

• There are lots of complex rules and laws that
  make sharing information and intelligence between
  agencies difficult
• Case study FBI

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FBI Intelligence Cycle

• Requirements what they must know to safeguard
  the nation
• Planning Direction management of the effort.
• Collection gathering of raw data
• Processing Exploitation converting raw data
  to usable form.
• Analysis Production converting data into
  finished intelligence.
• Dissemination distribution of finished
  intelligence to the consumer.

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Barriers to Law Enforcement Information Sharing

• Policies and practices inhibit routine
  information exchange
• Increasing sophistication of criminal activity
• Inadequate safeguards to promote trust and
  protect privacy
• Lack of coordination of information sharing
  initiatives across law enforcement and homeland
  security communities
• Inadequate technology tools and services

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Intelligence Sharing Roadmap to the NIPP

• National Criminal Intelligence Sharing Plan
  (2003)
• Intelligence Reform Act (2004)
• National Infrastructure Protection Plan (2006)

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National Criminal Intelligence Sharing Plan

• National Model for Intelligence Sharing
• A Blueprint to Build or Enhance Intelligence
  Gathering Systems
• Secure Seamless Technology Architecture
• 28 Specific Recommendations

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Networked Information Sharing
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FBI Direct Sharing Exchange

• Share by rule and withhold by exception
• A three-level approach
• Top Secret-SCI level
• Secret level
• Unclassified
• Share with other law enforcement agencies and
  share within the FBI

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FBI Electronic Sharing

• FBI Components of National Information Sharing
  Strategy (NISS)
• N-Dex National Data Exchange
• Incident Event Reports
• Link Regional State Systems
• Full Capacity in 2008
• R-Dex Regional Data Exchange
• Access to FBI Investigative Files
• Operation in Five Regions
• LEO Law Enforcement Online
• SBU Portal to N-Dex, R-Dex, RISS.Net
• Virtual Command Posts