BLOOD COMPONENTS

1
BLOOD COMPONENTS!
Chantelle, Paola, Jordan
2
RED BLOOD CELLS

• Diameter of 7-8 µm
• Carry oxygen to blood tissues
• Originate from stem cells in
• bone marrow
• Iron in Haemoglobin makes red
• blood cells an excellent vehicle for
• transporting oxygen around the body
• ? Haemoglobin makes red blood cells red

ERYTHROCYTES
3
WHITE BLOOD CELLS

• Defend the body against infectious diseases and
  foreign materials
• Come from stem cells in bone marrow
• Round and colourless
• Number of leukocytes in the blood indicates a
  presence of disease
• (1 of leukocytes in the blood is a healthy
  amount)
• Destroy bacteria by
• Surrounding and digesting them
• Producing antibodies, which destroy bacteria,
  viruses, and other
• foreign invaders.

LEUKOCYTES
4
GRANULAR LEUKOCYTES

• Basophil Responsible for allergic and antigen
  response by releasing the chemical histamine

• Eosinophil
• Responsible for the defense against parasitic
  infections, asthma, hay fever, and hives

• Neutrophil
• Responsible for the
• defense against
• Bacterial and fungal infection

5
AGRANULAR LEUKOCYTES

• Lymphocyte
• B Cells Make antibodies that bind to pathogens
  and destroying them
• (b) T Cells Important in the defence against
  intracellular bacteria
• (c) Natural Killer Cells Kill body cells that
  have been infected with a virus or have become
  cancerous

• Monocyte
• Engulf bacteria through phagocytosis
• Present pieces of pathogens to T cells so that
  the pathogens can be recognized and killed
• Once pathogens are killed, antibody reponse may
  be mounted

6

• 1/3 the size of red blood cells
• Plugs leaks in blood vessels and help begin the
  process leading to the formation of a blood
  clot

THROMBOCYTES
PLATELETS

• Derive from stem cells in the bone marrow
• When an injury occurs, platelets become
• activated. They change their shape and become
  sticky.
• Platelets stick to the edges of the cut and to
  one another,
• forming a plug, leading to the formation of a
  blood clot.

7
(No Transcript)
8
STRUCTURE DIFFERENCES
Red Blood Cells ? Diameter of 7-8 µm ?
Biconcave disks without nuclei

• White Blood Cells
• Range in diameters of 5-24 µm
• Colourless, spherical cells with nuclei

Platelets 2-4 µm disk-shaped no nuclei
9
Sickle Cell Anemia
What Is It?
10

• hereditary disease which affects hemoglobin in
  red blood cells

REGULAR Red Blood Cells
ABNORMAL Red Blood Cells

• stiff, curved shape resembling an old farm tool
  known as a sickle (crescent moon shaped)
• clogs blood vessels
• last 10-20 days in bloodstream which can lead to
  anemia

• flexible, disc shaped
• move easily throughout blood vessels
• lasts four months in bloodstream

11

• ? jaundice high rate of red blood cell
  breakdown
• severe pain in chest, stomach, arms, legs
• troubles fighting infections
• fatigue/ paleness/ shortness of breath

• slower growth
• delay in puberty
• pain crises (periods of pain)
• complications can arise from impaired blood
  circulation and infection-fighting problems
  higher risk of - certain infections
• stroke
• acute chest syndrome ( severe chest/abdominal
  pain, fever, cough, trouble breathing, etc.)

SIGNS
SYMPTOMS
AND
12

• no cure for sickle cell anemia there are
  treatments to prevent complications

• folic acid helps body produce new red blood
  cells
• pain medication/rest/extra fluids relieves
  symptoms of pain crises
• if extremely severe, may need to go to the
  hospital for IV fluids/ stronger pain medication

• blood transfusions increases healthy red blood
  cells
• drug hydroxyurea reduce pain crises and
  episodes of acute chest syndrome RARE CASES
• - bone marrow transplant produce healthy
  hemoglobin/ normal red blood cells

• penicillin/ antibiotics prevents infections
• oxygen eases pain crises and acute chest
  syndrome

TREATMENT?
13
Composition and Roles of Components
? contains - glucose, amino acids, hormones,
minerals, salts - antibodies, antitoxins -
phospholipids, lipoproteins, fibrinogen - urea,
hydrogen carbonate ions
P L A S M A
? transports dissolved substances - products
of digestion, vitamins, hormones - carbon
dioxide, heat - urea ? defends against
diseases - contains antibodies/ antitoxins -
clots the blood
14
What is Plasma Made of?
COMPONENT
FUNCTION
SOURCE

• maintains blood volume
• transports molecules
• acts as a solvent/ lubricant/ cohesive

WATER(90-92)
? absorbed from large intestine (colon)

• PLASMA PROTEINS(7-8)
• albumin
• fibrinogen
• immunoglobulin
• globulin

• maintains blood osmotic pressure and pH
• maintains blood volume and pressure
• clots and transports
• fights infections

? liver
15
COMPONENT
FUNCTION
SOURCE
SALTS(less than 1 of plasma)
? absorbed from intestinal villi

• maintains blood osmotic pressure and pH
• aids in metabolism

GASES(ex oxygen and carbon dioxide)

• for cellular respiration (end product of
  metabolism)

? lungs and tissue
16
COMPONENT
FUNCTION
SOURCE

• food for cells
• glucose stored in liver/muscles as glycogen
• amino acids used by tissues for growth/repair
• liver removes excess amino acids from plasma
• excess amino acids nitrogen ? urea

• NUTRIENTS
• fatty acids and glycerol
• glucose
• amino acids
• nucleotides
• minerals
• vitamins

? carried from small intestine (intestinal villi)
to other organs
17
COMPONENT
FUNCTION
SOURCE
? nitrogenous wastes removed by kidneys aka.
EXCRETION
? liver
UREA(excess amino acids)

• aids in metabolism
• vitamins keep tissue healthy
• minerals used for different reasons
• hormones targets organs for different purposes

? Pituitary gland, thyroid gland, adrenal gland
(adrenaline dilates passages)
HORMONES, VITAMINS, MINERALS, ETC.
18

• The number of red blood cells and the size of
  red blood cells in a given sample of blood after
  centrifugation
• Gives a percentage of red blood cells found in
  whole blood. This may be part of a complete blood
  count
• Low hematocrit may be due to Anemia, Blood
  loss, Bone marrow failure, destruction of red
  blood cells, Leukemia.
• High hematocrit may be due to
  Dehydration(burns, diarrhea), Erythrocytosis,
  Polycythemia vera
• Normal amounts of hematocrit for
• Male 40.750.3 Female 36.144.3

HEMATOCRIT
19
HEMATOCRIT
Obtaining Hematocrit

• ? Blood is drawn from a vein, usually inside of
  elbow/back of hand
• ? Elastic is wrapped around the upper arm to
  slow blood flow out of the arm to increase blood
  in veins below the elastic.
• ? A needle is inserted into the swelled vein and
  the blood is collected
• Band removed to restore blood flow
• Needle is removed and the puncture site is
  bandaged.

...CONTINUED
20
GEEZ! QUIZ TIME!
1. List two ways in which white blood cells
destroy bacteria?
? Surrounding/digesting bacteria produce
antibodies
2. What makes red blood cells red?
? Haemoglobin!
3. How are blood clots formed?
? Platelets plug leaks in blood vessels and help
begin the process leading to the formation of a
blood clot
4. Compare the shape of regular and abnormal red
blood cells.
? Regular RBC flexible, disc shapedAbnormal
RBC stiff, curved, sickle shaped
21
5. Why do people diagnosed with sickle cell
anemia suffer severe chest, stomach, arm, leg,
etc. pain?
? Because blood vessels are clogged, no oxygen
gets to the bodys tissues and organs. The cells
block the blood flow to the blood vessels.
6. What are the two functions of plasma in the
blood?
? To transport dissolved substances and defend
against diseases.
7. What is hematocrit and how is it taken?
?The percentage by volume of packed red blood
cells in a given sample of blood after
centrifugation.
8. Why is it useful?
? It helps show signs of anemia, leukemia, diet
defiency, etc.
22
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Blood. (1996-2007) The Franklin Institute. 14
November 2007. http//www.fi.edu/learn/heart/blood
/blood.html. REVIEW This site, provided by the
Franklin Institute, provides information for
people of all ages, focusing on high school
students. It centers on the human heart,
branching off into seven categories development,
structure, vessels, blood, systems, monitoring,
and health. The site also provides activities for
a student to do, to help ensure that the student
is learning efficiently. Blood. (April 2007) 13
November 2007. http//users.rcn.com/jkimball.ma.ul
tranet/BiologyPages/B/Blood.htmlRBCs REVIEW
This site provided detailed information on blood
specifically focusing on the components of blood.
(Red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets)
Diagrams aid the viewer to clearly understand the
topic. Easy navigation and simplicity of the site
allows the viewer to learn efficiently. Gondor
Design Biology (1997-2000). Gondor Design. 14
November 2007. http//www.purchon.com/biology/plas
ma.htm.REVIEW Gondor Design provides a website
intended to help answer the questions of biology
students in high school. It includes various
subjects that targets different biology topics.
Information regarding cells to blood vascular
system to plants can be found on this site.
23
Medline Plus (2007). U.S. National Library of
Medicine. 12 November 2007. http//www.nlm.nih.gov
/medlineplus/ency/article/003646.htm.REVIEW
This site is government based and offers a wealth
of information regarding health questions. Its a
great website which is easy to navigate providing
easy access to medical journal articles. A wide
variety of health subjects are addressed on this
site giving people a place to find answers to the
questions they want answered. Teens Health
(1995-2007). Nemours Foundation. 15 November
2007. http//www.kidshealth.org/teen/diseases
_conditions/genetic/sickle_cell_anemia.html.REVI
EW This website is an organizational site put
together by the Nemours Foundation. Its an
educational site directed towards teens for those
who seek information and advice about health,
relationships, and growing up. Visitors can find
a wide range of topics that ensures all questions
will not be left unanswered. As well one can find
information for kids and adults.
24
JB
25
GEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEZZZZZ (L)