LR

1
TEP Seminar XI London England
Soil management innovation, planting
establishment A view of structural tree soil,
planting design innovation
James Urban, FASLA, ISA Urban Trees
Soils Annapolis, Maryland
LR
2
TEP Seminar XI London England
Soil management innovation, planting
establishment A view of structural tree soil,
planting design innovation
James Urban, FASLA, ISA Urban Trees
Soils Annapolis, Maryland
LR
3
Trees need dirt!
Help !
4
Tree Source Books www.treesource.co.uk
LR
LR
5
Savannah, Georgia 60 canopy
Atlanta, Georgia lt20 canopy
6
London ?? Canopy
7
(No Transcript)
8
(No Transcript)
9
33 year old Limes near Guild Hall, London
Urban trees and soil quality
10
(No Transcript)
11
Tree in compacted clay soil Milton Keynes
12
20 year old Pear trees
Roots
Tree in compacted clay soil Milton Keynes
13
(No Transcript)
14
How Much Soil
20 (500 mm) Trunk Diameter
Ratio of tree size to soil volume
Larger Trees
More Soil
1200 CF (34 M3) Soil Volume
20 (500mm)Trunk Diameter
LR
15
Tree size to Soil volume
1200 CF (34 M3) Soil
800 CF (22.6 M3) Soil
400 CF (11.3 M3) Soil
LR
16
Soil trench 480 CF (13.55 M3) Total usable soil
Usable Soil 365 CF (10.3 M3)
Tree space soil 115 CF (3.25 M3)
LR
17
400 CF (11.3 M3) TRENCH AT YEAR 12
LR
LR
18
400 CF (11.3 M3) TRENCH
YEAR 16
YEAR 25
LR
LR
19
STUCTURAL SOIL
Trees in open soil trench
Trees in Structural soil
LR
LR
20
Source Growth response of Ficus benjamina to
limited soil volumes and soil dilution in a
skeletal soil container study. Loh, Grabowsky,
and Bassuk Urban Forest, Urban Green, 2 (2003)
Leaf count
Days of Study
Value of the soil in structural soil
Large structural soil
Small Loam soil
Large Loam soil
Large structural soil and small loam soil have
equal amounts of loam soil.
LR
LR
21
Structural soil 315 CF (8.9 M3) Total usable soil
Rock
Tree space soil 115 CF (3.25 M3)
Usable Soil 200 CF (5.65 M3)
LR
LR
22
6 wide structural soil trench
Soil - 275 CF (7.8 M3) / tree In open planter
Structural soil - 70 CF (2 M3) / tree usable soil
Plus 55 CF (1.6 M3) soil in tree opening Total
usable soil 125 CF (3.5 M3) / tree
YEAR 12
LR
LR
23
Pavement
Structure
Soil
Silva Cell
LR
LR
24
LR
LR
25
Silva Cells 1005 CF (28.25 M3) Total usable soil
Tree space soil 115 CF (3.25 M3)
Usable Soil 890 CF (25 M3)
LR
LR
26
Aggregate and paving
Decks and geotextile
Silva Cell Installation
Cells and soil
LR
27
32,000 lb (14,500 kg) Axel Weight 8,000 lb
(3,630 kg / Tire
AASHTO - American Association of State Highway
and Transportation Officials
Silva Cell Load Test
LR
LR
28
Bartlett tree study Charlotte, NC
THE FIRST BLOCK OF TREES ARE THREE SPECIES OF
TREES IN A MOCK UP OF STRUCTURAL CELLS. THE
REMAINING TREES ARE GROWING IN VARIOUS TYPES OF
STRUCTURAL SOILS. PHOTO TWO YEARS AFTER PLANTING
SILVA CELL MOCK UP
LR
29
How Much Water Storage
240 CF (6.8 M3) Water storage
More Water Storage
Ratio of water storage to soil volume 20
More Soil
1200 CF (34 M3) Soil Volume
20 (500mm)Trunk Diameter
LR
LR
30
Trees / Rain Water and Structural Cells Parking
areas
Evapo-transpiration
1200 CF (34 M3) Soil volume Treats 300 CF (8.5
M3) Water Manages 3,600 SF (335 M2) Impervious
area 1 rain event
Pervious surface
Impervious surface
Surface flow
Structural Cells and Water Storage
Infiltration
Over flow
LR
LR
31
Water access options through pavements
Pervious Pavers
Curb inlets
Trench Drains
LR
LR
32
In the UK from Tree Source Books www.treesource.c
o.uk
LR
LR
33
www.isa-arbor.com
LR
LR
34
TREES IN STRUCTURAL SOIL IN NEW YORK, NY AFTER 12
YEARS
LR
35
Trees / Rain Water and Structural Cells Urban
Streets
Evapo-transpiration
Pervious surface
Impervious surface
Surface flow
Structural Cells and Water Storage
Infiltration
Over flow
Toronto Waterfront Courtesy of West 8 DTAH
LR
LR
36
Trees and lights have equal cost and equal
value
10-15,000
LR
37
Tree size to Soil volume and Water volume
Drainage area management based on a 1 (25mm)
rain event
1200 CF (34 M3) Soil 300 CF (8.5 M3) Water 3600
SF (335 M2) Drainage area
800 CF (22.6 M3) Soil 160 CF (4.5 M3) Water 1920
SF (178 M2) Drainage area
400 CF (11.3 M3) Soil 80 CF (2.3 M3) Water 960 SF
(89 M2) Drainage area
LR
LR
38
LR
LR
39
Establish Reasonable Tree and Soil
Budgets Balance design quality of all elements
in the landscape
LR
LR
40
Cities with Big Trees and Diversity of Species
LR
41
MAIN STREET SAVANNAH
42
Why are urban street trees
Sometimes not
Sometimes Successful
and
LR
LR
43

• FACTORS IN CANOPY SUCCESS
• 1. SPEED OF DEVELOPMENT
• MODEREN EQUIPMENT AND SPEED OF DEVELOPMENT
  IMPACTS SOIL
• AND RATE OF CANOPY LOSS
• MAINTAINING MATURE TREES
• TIME TO REPLACE LOST CANOPY IS SLOWER THAN CANOPY
  IS LOSS,
• WHILE REGROWING CANOPY IS SLOWED BY SOIL
  CONDITIONS
• 3. BACKGROUND SOIL CONDITONS
• COMPACTION RESISTANT SOIL AND REMNANT SOIL
  CONDITIONS VARY
• 4. DEGREE OF SOIL DISRUPTION
• MODERN CONSTRUCTION DISTROYS MORE SOIL ATTRIBUTES
  
• DECREASING EFFECTIVE VOLUME

44
For sale baby shoes, never used.
Ernest Hemmingway