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PRINCIPLES REGULATING THE EDUCATION SYSTEM

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Title: PRINCIPLES REGULATING THE EDUCATION SYSTEM


1
PRINCIPLES REGULATING THE EDUCATION SYSTEM
  • The Turkish education system is organized on the
    basis of
  • - Constitution of the Turkish Republic - Laws
    Regulating Education and Instruction -
    Government Programs- Development Plans-
    National Education Councils

2
  • Based on these factors, education principles have
    been defined as follows - Education shall be
    national,- Education shall be Republican,-
    Education shall be secular,- Education shall
    have a scientific foundation,- Education shall
    incorporate generality and equality,- Education
    shall be functional and modern

3
  • Education system has democratic, modern,
    scientific secular and coeducational
    characteristics. The purpose of the Turkish
    Education System is to increase the welfare and
    happiness of the Turkish citizens and Turkish
    society, to support and facilitate economic,
    social and cultural development in national unity
    and integration and to make the Turkish nation a
    constructive, creative and distinguished partner
    in modern civilization

4
ATATÜRK'S OPINIONS ABOUT EDUCATION
  • Today, the most important and the most productive
    duty of all of us is the national education
    affairs. We have to be absolutely successful in
    this area and we shall. This is the real
    salvation of a nation.
  • We have to improve our country in the areas of
    science, culture and prosperity, to develop the
    already productive abilities of our nation and to
    give the coming generations a robust,
    unchangeable and positive character

5
  • Ladies, gentlemen. The method to be applied in
    education and instruction is to make knowledge a
    practical and useful tool that ensures success in
    material life rather than an accessory, a tool of
    administration, or a modern form of pleasure.
  • Education must be free from all superstitions and
    foreign thoughts, be of high quality and have
    national values and a patriotic understanding.
  • National education must be secular and based on a
    single school principle. Our objective in
    education is to raise citizens who shall increase
    the civil and social values and improve the
    economic power of the society

6
THE CONSTITUTION OF THE TURKISH REPUBLIC
  • Before Equality the Law Article 10- "Everyone is
    equal before the laws without any discrimination
    according to language, race, color, gender,
    political views, philosophical beliefs, religion,
    sect or similar reasons.No person, family, group
    or class may have privileges

7
Freedom of Religion and Conscience
  • Article 24- ".... Teaching of religion and ethics
    is performed under the control of the government.
    Religion and ethics are among the compulsory
    courses taught in the primary and secondary
    education institutions. Any other teaching of
    religion depends on a person's free will and on
    the legal custodian's wishes in the case of small
    children...."

8
Right and Duty to be Educated
  • Article 42- ... The scope of the right to learn
    is defined and regulated by laws.Education and
    instruction are performed under the control of
    the government, in line with Atatürk's principles
    and revolution, and based on the essentials of
    modern science and education. Places of education
    and instruction operating contrary to these
    principles may not be opened.Freedom of learning
    does not exempt one from his/her commitments to
    the Constitution.Primary education is compulsory
    for all citizens, boys or girls, and is free of
    charge in public schools. Principles regulating
    the private primary and secondary schools are
    defined by laws in line with the level that
    should be reached by the public schools

9
  • The Government provides scholarships and other
    means to support the education of successful
    students coming from materially deprived
    families. The Government also takes measures to
    help those in need of special education to become
    useful members of society.Education and
    instruction institutions provide activities
    related only to education, instruction, research
    and investigation. These activities may not be
    hindered under any circumstances.No language
    other than Turkish may be taught as mother tongue
    to Turkish citizens in education and instruction
    institutions. The foreign languages to be taught
    in such institutions and the principles governing
    the schools where education is held in the
    foreign language are defined by laws. Provisions
    of international agreements are reserved

10
GENERAL STRUCTURE OF THE EDUCATION SYSTEM
  • 2.1. FORMAL EDUCATION
  • Formal education is the regular education of
    individuals in a certain age group and given in
    schools at the same level with programs prepared
    for definite purposes. Formal education includes
    Pre-Primary education, primary education,
    secondary education and higher education
    institutions.2.1.1. Pre-Primary education
    Pre-Primary education includes the optional
    education of children between 36-72 month who are
    under the age of compulsory primary education.
    Pre-Primary education institutions, independent
    nurseries are opened as nursery classes and
    practical classes within formal and non-formal
    education institutions with suitable physical
    capacity

11
  • The purpose of Pre-Primary education is to ensure
    physical, mental and sensory development of
    children and the acquisition of good habits, to
    prepare children for primary education, to create
    a common atmosphere of growth for those living in
    inconvenient circumstances and to ensure that
    Turkish is spoken correct and well.

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13
2.1.2 Primary Education
  • The purpose of primary education is to ensure
    that every Turkish child acquires the basic
    knowledge, skills, behaviors, and habits to
    become a good citizen, is raised in line with the
    national moral concepts and is prepared for life
    and for the next education level parallel to
    his/her interests and skills.Primary education
    is compulsory for all citizens, boys or girls,
    and is given free of charge in public schools.

14
Primary education institutions are schools that
provide eight years of uninterrupted education,
at the end of which graduates receive a primary
education diploma
15
2.1.3. Secondary Education
  • The purpose of secondary education is to give
    students a minimum common culture, to identify
    individual and social problems, to search for
    solutions, to raise awareness in order to
    contribute to the socio-economic and cultural
    development of the country and to prepare the
    students for higher education, for profession,
    for life and for business in line with their
    interests and skills.

16
2.1.4. Higher Education
  • Among higher education institutions are
    universities, faculties, institutes, higher
    education schools, conservatories, vocational
    higher education schools and application-research
    centers. The purpose of higher education is to
    raise the students in line with their interests
    and skills, in conformance to the science policy
    of the country and in consideration of qualified
    manpower needs of society at several levels, to
    do researches in scientific areas, to arrange for
    all kinds of publications that show the research
    and examination resultsand facilitate
    advancement of science and technology, to
    finalize the researches and examinations demanded
    by the government and to make comments, to make
    written or oral public announcements explaining
    the scientific data that shall increase the
    general level of Turkish society and enlighten
    the public, and to give non-formal education

17
2.2. NON-FORMAL EDUCATION
18
  • Services given by non-formal education are
  • to teach reading-writing, to provide
    continuing education opportunities for students
    to finish their incomplete education
  • to provide education opportunities that shall
    facilitate the students' adaptation to
    scientific, technologic, economic, social and
    cultural developments
  • to give education that protects, improves,
    introduces and comprises our national cultural
    values
  • to help students acquire the concepts and
    habits of collective living, supporting, helping,
    working and organizing collectively
  • to provide opportunities that shall ensure
    acquisition of professions in line with the
    economic development and employment policy
  • to teach balanced nutrition and a healthy life
    style
  • to teach people from various professions the
    knowledge and skills they need to improve
    themselves
  • to provide the habit of using one's free time
    in a useful way

19
FORMAL AND NON-FORMAL EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS IN
TURKISH EDUCATION SYSTEMFORMAL EDUCATION
INSTITUTIONS NON-FORMAL EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS
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  • Participation in education Percentages of
    children in school are represented by Gross
    Enrolment Ratios (GER) and Net Enrolment Rates
    (NER). GER is the number of pupils enrolled in a
    given level of education regardless of age
    expressed as a percentage of the population in
    the theoretical age group for that level of
    education. NER is the number of pupils in the
    theoretical age group who are enrolled expressed
    as a percentage of the same population.
  • Pre-primary enrolment " 8 of children are
    enrolled in pre-primary school
  • Primary enrolment " 87 of girls and 92 of
    boys are in primary school

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" 87.4 of adults and 95.6 of youth are
literate
28
  • Fatih Primary School was built in 1974. Last year
    adding building was built.Fatih Primary School
    has got 17 class Except kindergarden class there
    are 2 class for each level.There are 8 level of
    class and each subject of has own classes.In
    Turkey primary education is obligatory.Nowadays
    education system has changed in Turkey.it is
    mainly about student centered rather than teacher
    centered so cirriculumn and programs have also
    changed . Last term our student has a class of
    ecah level and there are desk in each class but
    now each subject has got class and there are
    tables of each class . There is a examination
    class where students are examined by the teacher.

29
  • Education is done from Monday to Friday .School
    starts at 8 30 and finish at 1510 There is a
    lunch break between 1200 and 1330 o clock.
    There are 6 lesson for a day .Our school has got
    377 students and normal school but there are 15
    students are pyhsically disabled .The number of
    Male students are 208 ,and the number of female
    students are 169 . 

30
SCHOOL
  • 2006-2007 Education year our school has got 1
    director ,1 asistant director, 1 kindergarden
    Teacher , 11 branch Teachers, 10 class Teachers 1
    goverment offical ,3 service 

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  • IN THE NEW EDUCATION SYSTEM HAS STUDENTS CENTERED
    RATHER THAN TEACHER

33
  • Self-orientation may be developed directly by the
    pupil .The pupils will be guided towards an
    initial awareness of their own individuality, to
    help them reflect on themselves, their own
    characteristics and interests, to discover and
    practice their potentialities
  • to orientate by not only reading, speaking, but
    performing  finding information, achieving clear
    communication, o orientate by not only reading,
    speaking, but performing  finding information,
    achieving clear communication, working with
    others, prearranging material for others,
    strengthening personal characteristics and
    abilities.working with others, prearranging
    material for others, strengthening personal
    characteristics and abilities. expanding and
    linking knowledge, strengthening and discovering
    ones own abilities.  Many of the contents are
    provided for in the obligatory and optional
    activities in the laboratories, therefore the
    method for using such knowledge is needed.

34
  • knowing how to identify ones own aptitudes
  • to be aware of ones own interests and capacities
  • knowing how to consult sources
  • knowing how to select required information
  • expressing oneself in personal terms
  • knowing how to synthesize
  • knowing how to use different forms of
    communication (oral, written, mimical-gestural,
    visual, theatrical)
  • knowing how to find significant material
  • knowing how to deal with information
  • knowing how to work in groups
  • knowing how to communicate
  • knowing how to use specific language

35
objectives are mainly
  • Analysing their own developmental characteristics
  • Analysing some aspects of their personality
  • Analysing their talents and skills
  • Comparing the idea of themselves with the others
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