PRINCIPLES REGULATING THE EDUCATION SYSTEM

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PRINCIPLES REGULATING THE EDUCATION SYSTEM

• The Turkish education system is organized on the
  basis of
• - Constitution of the Turkish Republic - Laws
  Regulating Education and Instruction -
  Government Programs- Development Plans-
  National Education Councils

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• Based on these factors, education principles have
  been defined as follows - Education shall be
  national,- Education shall be Republican,-
  Education shall be secular,- Education shall
  have a scientific foundation,- Education shall
  incorporate generality and equality,- Education
  shall be functional and modern

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• Education system has democratic, modern,
  scientific secular and coeducational
  characteristics. The purpose of the Turkish
  Education System is to increase the welfare and
  happiness of the Turkish citizens and Turkish
  society, to support and facilitate economic,
  social and cultural development in national unity
  and integration and to make the Turkish nation a
  constructive, creative and distinguished partner
  in modern civilization

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ATATÜRK'S OPINIONS ABOUT EDUCATION

• Today, the most important and the most productive
  duty of all of us is the national education
  affairs. We have to be absolutely successful in
  this area and we shall. This is the real
  salvation of a nation.
• We have to improve our country in the areas of
  science, culture and prosperity, to develop the
  already productive abilities of our nation and to
  give the coming generations a robust,
  unchangeable and positive character

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• Ladies, gentlemen. The method to be applied in
  education and instruction is to make knowledge a
  practical and useful tool that ensures success in
  material life rather than an accessory, a tool of
  administration, or a modern form of pleasure.
• Education must be free from all superstitions and
  foreign thoughts, be of high quality and have
  national values and a patriotic understanding.
• National education must be secular and based on a
  single school principle. Our objective in
  education is to raise citizens who shall increase
  the civil and social values and improve the
  economic power of the society

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THE CONSTITUTION OF THE TURKISH REPUBLIC

• Before Equality the Law Article 10- "Everyone is
  equal before the laws without any discrimination
  according to language, race, color, gender,
  political views, philosophical beliefs, religion,
  sect or similar reasons.No person, family, group
  or class may have privileges

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Freedom of Religion and Conscience

• Article 24- ".... Teaching of religion and ethics
  is performed under the control of the government.
  Religion and ethics are among the compulsory
  courses taught in the primary and secondary
  education institutions. Any other teaching of
  religion depends on a person's free will and on
  the legal custodian's wishes in the case of small
  children...."

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Right and Duty to be Educated

• Article 42- ... The scope of the right to learn
  is defined and regulated by laws.Education and
  instruction are performed under the control of
  the government, in line with Atatürk's principles
  and revolution, and based on the essentials of
  modern science and education. Places of education
  and instruction operating contrary to these
  principles may not be opened.Freedom of learning
  does not exempt one from his/her commitments to
  the Constitution.Primary education is compulsory
  for all citizens, boys or girls, and is free of
  charge in public schools. Principles regulating
  the private primary and secondary schools are
  defined by laws in line with the level that
  should be reached by the public schools

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• The Government provides scholarships and other
  means to support the education of successful
  students coming from materially deprived
  families. The Government also takes measures to
  help those in need of special education to become
  useful members of society.Education and
  instruction institutions provide activities
  related only to education, instruction, research
  and investigation. These activities may not be
  hindered under any circumstances.No language
  other than Turkish may be taught as mother tongue
  to Turkish citizens in education and instruction
  institutions. The foreign languages to be taught
  in such institutions and the principles governing
  the schools where education is held in the
  foreign language are defined by laws. Provisions
  of international agreements are reserved

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GENERAL STRUCTURE OF THE EDUCATION SYSTEM

• 2.1. FORMAL EDUCATION
• Formal education is the regular education of
  individuals in a certain age group and given in
  schools at the same level with programs prepared
  for definite purposes. Formal education includes
  Pre-Primary education, primary education,
  secondary education and higher education
  institutions.2.1.1. Pre-Primary education
  Pre-Primary education includes the optional
  education of children between 36-72 month who are
  under the age of compulsory primary education.
  Pre-Primary education institutions, independent
  nurseries are opened as nursery classes and
  practical classes within formal and non-formal
  education institutions with suitable physical
  capacity

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• The purpose of Pre-Primary education is to ensure
  physical, mental and sensory development of
  children and the acquisition of good habits, to
  prepare children for primary education, to create
  a common atmosphere of growth for those living in
  inconvenient circumstances and to ensure that
  Turkish is spoken correct and well.

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2.1.2 Primary Education

• The purpose of primary education is to ensure
  that every Turkish child acquires the basic
  knowledge, skills, behaviors, and habits to
  become a good citizen, is raised in line with the
  national moral concepts and is prepared for life
  and for the next education level parallel to
  his/her interests and skills.Primary education
  is compulsory for all citizens, boys or girls,
  and is given free of charge in public schools.

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Primary education institutions are schools that
provide eight years of uninterrupted education,
at the end of which graduates receive a primary
education diploma
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2.1.3. Secondary Education

• The purpose of secondary education is to give
  students a minimum common culture, to identify
  individual and social problems, to search for
  solutions, to raise awareness in order to
  contribute to the socio-economic and cultural
  development of the country and to prepare the
  students for higher education, for profession,
  for life and for business in line with their
  interests and skills.

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2.1.4. Higher Education

• Among higher education institutions are
  universities, faculties, institutes, higher
  education schools, conservatories, vocational
  higher education schools and application-research
  centers. The purpose of higher education is to
  raise the students in line with their interests
  and skills, in conformance to the science policy
  of the country and in consideration of qualified
  manpower needs of society at several levels, to
  do researches in scientific areas, to arrange for
  all kinds of publications that show the research
  and examination resultsand facilitate
  advancement of science and technology, to
  finalize the researches and examinations demanded
  by the government and to make comments, to make
  written or oral public announcements explaining
  the scientific data that shall increase the
  general level of Turkish society and enlighten
  the public, and to give non-formal education

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2.2. NON-FORMAL EDUCATION
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• Services given by non-formal education are
• to teach reading-writing, to provide
  continuing education opportunities for students
  to finish their incomplete education
• to provide education opportunities that shall
  facilitate the students' adaptation to
  scientific, technologic, economic, social and
  cultural developments
• to give education that protects, improves,
  introduces and comprises our national cultural
  values
• to help students acquire the concepts and
  habits of collective living, supporting, helping,
  working and organizing collectively
• to provide opportunities that shall ensure
  acquisition of professions in line with the
  economic development and employment policy
• to teach balanced nutrition and a healthy life
  style
• to teach people from various professions the
  knowledge and skills they need to improve
  themselves
• to provide the habit of using one's free time
  in a useful way

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FORMAL AND NON-FORMAL EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS IN
TURKISH EDUCATION SYSTEMFORMAL EDUCATION
INSTITUTIONS NON-FORMAL EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS
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• Participation in education Percentages of
  children in school are represented by Gross
  Enrolment Ratios (GER) and Net Enrolment Rates
  (NER). GER is the number of pupils enrolled in a
  given level of education regardless of age
  expressed as a percentage of the population in
  the theoretical age group for that level of
  education. NER is the number of pupils in the
  theoretical age group who are enrolled expressed
  as a percentage of the same population.
• Pre-primary enrolment " 8 of children are
  enrolled in pre-primary school
• Primary enrolment " 87 of girls and 92 of
  boys are in primary school

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" 87.4 of adults and 95.6 of youth are
literate
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• Fatih Primary School was built in 1974. Last year
  adding building was built.Fatih Primary School
  has got 17 class Except kindergarden class there
  are 2 class for each level.There are 8 level of
  class and each subject of has own classes.In
  Turkey primary education is obligatory.Nowadays
  education system has changed in Turkey.it is
  mainly about student centered rather than teacher
  centered so cirriculumn and programs have also
  changed . Last term our student has a class of
  ecah level and there are desk in each class but
  now each subject has got class and there are
  tables of each class . There is a examination
  class where students are examined by the teacher.

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• Education is done from Monday to Friday .School
  starts at 8 30 and finish at 1510 There is a
  lunch break between 1200 and 1330 o clock.
  There are 6 lesson for a day .Our school has got
  377 students and normal school but there are 15
  students are pyhsically disabled .The number of
  Male students are 208 ,and the number of female
  students are 169 . 

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SCHOOL

• 2006-2007 Education year our school has got 1
  director ,1 asistant director, 1 kindergarden
  Teacher , 11 branch Teachers, 10 class Teachers 1
  goverment offical ,3 service 

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• IN THE NEW EDUCATION SYSTEM HAS STUDENTS CENTERED
  RATHER THAN TEACHER

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• Self-orientation may be developed directly by the
  pupil .The pupils will be guided towards an
  initial awareness of their own individuality, to
  help them reflect on themselves, their own
  characteristics and interests, to discover and
  practice their potentialities
• to orientate by not only reading, speaking, but
  performing  finding information, achieving clear
  communication, o orientate by not only reading,
  speaking, but performing  finding information,
  achieving clear communication, working with
  others, prearranging material for others,
  strengthening personal characteristics and
  abilities.working with others, prearranging
  material for others, strengthening personal
  characteristics and abilities. expanding and
  linking knowledge, strengthening and discovering
  ones own abilities.  Many of the contents are
  provided for in the obligatory and optional
  activities in the laboratories, therefore the
  method for using such knowledge is needed.

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• knowing how to identify ones own aptitudes
• to be aware of ones own interests and capacities
• knowing how to consult sources
• knowing how to select required information
• expressing oneself in personal terms
• knowing how to synthesize
• knowing how to use different forms of
  communication (oral, written, mimical-gestural,
  visual, theatrical)
• knowing how to find significant material
• knowing how to deal with information
• knowing how to work in groups
• knowing how to communicate
• knowing how to use specific language

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objectives are mainly

• Analysing their own developmental characteristics
• Analysing some aspects of their personality
• Analysing their talents and skills
• Comparing the idea of themselves with the others