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Engagement of BAM in Reliability Tests
Thomas Böllinghaus BAM Federal Institute for
Materials Research and Testing
ITEP-WORKSHOP Dec 16 17 - 2003
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STATUS
gt Mission Safety and Reliability in Chemical
and Materials Technology
gt The Federal Institute for Materials Research
and Testing (BAM) is a technical and
scientific superior federal institution under the
authority of the Federal Ministry of
Economics and Labour (BMWA)
gt Objective Technical public safety in the
field of chemical and material technology -
gtProtection of the non-involved third personslt
gt Activities Field of safety and reliability
interacting with materials technology,
chemistry and the environment
ITEP-WORKSHOP Dec 16 17 - 2003
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RESPONSIBILITY
gt Performance and evaluation of physical,
chemical and engineering test procedures
for substances and structures
gt Development and provision of reference
materials and procedures
gt Special tasks according to the Explosives Act,
the Weapon Act and the Act for the
Transportation of Dangerous Goods
gt Advancement of safety and reliability in
chemical and materials technologies
gt Important part within the process of ensuring
safety of technical processes Risk and
reliability identification and assessment
(chemical plants, nuclear power stations,
transportation systems or offshore technology)
ITEP-WORKSHOP Dec 16 17 - 2003
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RISK AND RELIABILITY
gt Risk Probability of failure x consequences of
failure
gt Reliability Non quantified expression as a
counterpart to the term risk
gt Non-destructive testing covers procedures for
reduction of failure risks - Risk based
inspection or risk based life time management
- Involvement of completely validated
non-destructive testing methods with
quantified reliability (ultrasonic or
radiographic systems for detection and
sizing of cracks in welds of pressure vessel
nozzles)
gt NDE Reliability Degree to which an NDT
system is capable of achieving its purpose
regarding detection, characterization and false
calls
gt NDE system Procedures, equipment and
personnel used for NDE inspection
ITEP-WORKSHOP Dec 16 17 - 2003
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RELIABILITY OF NDE SYSTEMS I
gt Diagrams of the probability of detection versus
the probability of false calls
gt Example Integrals of a RRT of radiographic
weld inspections
gt Main influencing factors - Intrinsic
capability (IC) - Application factors (AF)
- Human factor (HF)
gt IC, AF and HF are usually considered only
implicitly in such RRT, i. e. in p(TP) and in
p(FP)
ITEP-WORKSHOP Dec 16 17 - 2003
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RELIABILITY OF NDE SYSTEMS II
gt Improvement of the determination of the NDE
system reliability by modules
gt Detection of hot cracks in welded structural
steel tubulars
ITEP-WORKSHOP Dec 16 17 - 2003
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RELIABILITY OF MINE DETECTION I
gt Mine detection system Detector, procedure
and human being used for mine searching at
specific operational and environmental conditions
gt Mine detection reliability Degree that a
mine detection system is capable of achieving its
purpose regarding detection and false calls
(Repeatable and reproducable procedure!)
R f(IC) - g(AP) - h(HF)
Total Reliability of an NDE System or mine
searching system.
The effect of human factors, often further
reducing the capability of the NDE System. Mine
Searching Human Factor and Dog Factor
The effect of industrial application parameters,
such as access restrictions, surface state,
generally reducing the capability of the ideal
NDE System. Mine Searching - Soil Type and
surface - Contamination - Humidity - Proximity of
Power Lines or Rails
Intrinsic Capability of the system driven by
physical laws and technical potential generally
considered as an ideal upper bound. Mine
Searching Metal Detector the Maxwell-Laws of
the electromagnetic field and its interaction
with the metal part of the mine.
ITEP-WORKSHOP Dec 16 17 - 2003
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RELIABILITY OF MINE DETECTION II
gt Modular reliability model
gt Determination of the reliability of each module
separately
Intrinsic Capability
Application Parameters
Human Factors
1,0
Signal
Probability of Detection
Signal
0,5
0
0 0,5 1,0
Probability of False Alarm
Basic Physics
Influence of Surrounding
3 H
3HP
2AP
1IC
R1
R2
R3
RTOT
ITEP-WORKSHOP Dec 16 17 - 2003
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CONCLUSIVE TESTING OF SYSTEMS
gt Testing failure resistance of components
structures
gt Testing of demining equipment
Material
Intrinsic Capabilities
Failure ?
Can the equipment be used in the specific ground
Can the deminer be trained to the equipment
Design
Load/ Environment
Demining Equipment
Application Parameters
Human Factor
Can the deminer get adjusted to the specific
ground
ITEP-WORKSHOP Dec 16 17 - 2003
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CONCLUSIONS
gt The subject to detect a hidden object by
penetrating physical interaction with the
target is similar to that of non-destructive
testing by searching for hidden defects in
the materials of a structure or system via waves
and rays
gt The basic principles of performance
demonstration and the modular model can by
transferred from NDT to demining
gt For safe and reliable demining it is necessary
to determine the actual true performance of
mine searching equipment during the detecting
operation
gt The reliability of mine searching equipment
cannot be evaluated by simple diagrams
showing probability of detection versus
probability of false calls, but has to be
determined more accurately by modular models
considering the effects of the intrinsic
capability, the application parameters and, in
particular, the human factor separately.
ITEP-WORKSHOP Dec 16 17 - 2003