Recent Development in Networking Connectivity

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Recent Development in Networking Connectivity

• Michael Ernst
• DESY

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DFNs Trans Atlantic Connectivity Today
STM 4
STM 4
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News on TA Connectivity (1)

• Planned for 2002
• Direct link GEANT lt-gt Abilene / CANARIE
  _at_ 2 2.5 Gbps (Q I, 2002)
• UCAID will add another 2 2.5 Gbps
• UCAID proposing joint Project GTRN

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DFNs Trans Atlantic Connectivity in Q I, 2002
STM 16
STM 4
STM 16
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News on TA Connectivity (2)

• Global Terabit Research Network
• Terabit Net for Science and Research
• Europe as Mediator for Asian-Pacific Area
• For DFN/US Global Transit (commodity traffic)
• 2 2.5 Gbps in Q I, 2002
• Contract with 2 Providers
• Global Crossing (2.5 Gbps)
• KPNQwest (2.5 Gbps)
• Tendering Process in Collaboration with DANTE

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Trans Atlantic Traffic Development from Sep 00 -
Nov 01 (Statistics provided by DFN)
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GÉANT
Gigabit Speeds

• Backbone speeds
• initial target core at 2.5 Gbps
• network achieved
• 9 trunks at 10 Gbps and 11 trunks at 2.5 Gbps
• Access speeds
• 11 NRENs to connect at 2.5 Gbps
• Future plans
• 100s of Gbps within four years

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GÉANT
Geographic Expansion

• TEN-155
• 21 NRENs linked
• 25 countries connected in total
• GÉANT
• 27 NRENS
• 31 countries - 6 new countries, 2 in the Balkans
• Open to further connections from national
  organisations

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GÉANT
Global Connectivity

• Connectivity to other regions of the world
• European Distributed Access
• effective distribution mechanism through backbone
  core
• uniform presentation of the European networks

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GÉANT
Guaranteed QoS

• TEN-155 continuity
• TEN-155 Managed Bandwidth Service, using ATM
  technology
• End-to-end QoS
• with NREN involvement
• Different types of QoS
• Guaranteed bandwidth
• Predictable delay and jitter
• Guaranteed bandwidth predictable delay and
  jitter

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GÉANT - A Development Platform

• A network for research
• TF-NGN, SEQUIN
• http//www.dante.net/tf-ngn
• http//www.dante.net/sequin
• Initiatives with IPv6
• TF-NGN, 6NET Proposal
• Co-operation with Grids
• EuroGrid, DataGrid
• Joint development clauses with suppliers

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Price Development of International Bandwidth
(Source V. Berkhout)
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GÉANT Technology

• 2.5/10 Gbps as single wavelengths
• with SDH framing
• no access to optical level / (dark) fibre
• TEN-155 aggregate circuit length 22,000 km

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Stepping to 10Gbps

• Cost vs capacity
• 10Gbps in 8 countries
• quadruples capacity
• adds less than 10 to cost
• Pushing 2.5Gbps as far as possible

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Issues

• Service is diverse (wavelengths and SDH)
• Guaranteed bandwidth and VPN capability needs
  further development . . .
• . . . as does management of end-to-end
  capability
• Cooperation of NREN, MAN and campus network
  operators is needed

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Summary on GEANT

• 10 Gbps now!
• Wavelength networks
• National and International
• Better geographical coverage
• Progress on global connectivity
• Challenging the vendors
• QoS/VPN will need our help!

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DFNs Connectivity to Europe
GEANT
STM 16 (2.5 Gbps)
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Development of DFN lt-gt TEN-155 / GEANT Traffic
from Jan 01 - Nov 01 (Statistics provided by
DFN)
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DESYs Monthly Traffic Volume (Received)
GB
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The Silk Project

• Hans Frese
• DESY Hamburg
• NATO Advisory Panel on Computer Networking
• SILK Task Force

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The Silk Task Force

• Peter Kirstein, UCL, London
• Hans Frese, DESY, Hamburg
• Robert Janz, RUG, Groningen
• Sergey Berezhnev, MSU, Moscow
• Zita Wenzel, ISI, Marina del Rey, CA
• Rolf Nordhagen, UIO, Oslo
• Ruben Mkrtchyan, YERPHI, Yerevan
• Walter Kaffenberger, NATO

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Activity of the Network Panel

• The Networks Panel has supported Network
  Infrastructure Grants (NIGs) for many years
• Was initially Russia and Eastern Europe
• Southern Caucasus and Central Asia are current
  principal areas for our larger grants
• Internet Connectivity has been a large part of
  each NIG
• Current bandwidths much too small
• but all that can be afforded from budget

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Intentions of NIGs

• Improve National Research Net Infrastructure
• Not that of isolated groups or institutes
• Encourage National Collaboration
• Preferably to set up National Research and
  Education Networks (NRENs)
• Encourage International Collaboration
• Ever more important at the current time

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Current Connectivity

• Bandwidth from NATO sources currently 64 512
  Kbps
• Would like to go up by an order of magnitude at
  least
• Cost unaffordable in current model (100k per
  year for 1 Megabit per second)
• National Research and Education Networks (NRENs)
  partially exist in most of the countries intended
  currently

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Possible Technologies

• Mainly Fibre in Western Europe
• No affordable fibre yet in Caucasus or Central
  Asia (gt 5 times satellite cost)
• Does exist in E. Europe and Russia
• Satellite attractive in these areas
• Satellite Bandwidth driving force
• Broadcast capability can be useful
• Proposed Silk Project in 2000
• Based on VSAT Technology

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Schematic of the Silk System
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A short primer on satellites (1)

• Satellites are bent pipes in the sky
• 5 to 10 year lead times imply mature/old
  technology in the sky
• Fiber has taken over the oceans, satellites are
  looking for work
• Compared to fiber, satellite bandwidth is low,
  but ...

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A short primer on satellites (2)

• ... one satellite covers one third of the globe
• ... broadcasting to many locations is trivial
• ... bandwidth is simplex
• it can be allocated asymmetrically and shared
  between locations
• ... minimal local infrastructure requirements
• unobstructed view south
• 240 Volts with diesel backup if needed

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A short primer on satellites (3)

• Buying satellite bandwidth
• you pay for radio frequency bandwidth
• and battery consumption in the sky
• buy in bulk to obtain discount
• Using a larger dish fetches more energy and
  improves the signal to noise ratio
• This allows higher density modulation which
  produces more Mbps per MHz
• Net result 1 Mbps per year for 25K

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Who gets connected?

• Funded by NATO
• National Research and Education Networks (NRENs)
  in the Partner countries
• Co-funded by
• NGOs
• Supranational Organisations
• Staged Implementation
• E.g. Armenia, Georgia, Kyrgyz Rep, Uzbekistan
• E. Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, Tajikistan,
  Turkmenistan

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Satellite station configuration
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Planned Silk Bandwidth
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EurasiaSat

• PROs
• Covers both Asia and Western Europe
• Can use small earth stations (2.4m)
• Hamburg hub (DESY) well connected to European
  backbone
• Bandwidth on demand for e.g. teleteaching

• CONs
• Requires expensive hub station in the West (650K)

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Project Management

• DESY will provide Technical Management
• Area Consultants plus Silk Task Force will
  provide first Process Management
• If project grows, may get professionals
• May be able to work with other funding agencies
  operating in the area
• Project Steering Committee provide high level
  policy management

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Policy Steering Committee

• Will include at least all Co-Directors and
  representatives of funders
• Terms of Reference to be decided by members
• Policy includes many areas to discuss
• AUP rules, Membership, responsibilities of NRENs,
  move to financial sustainability, bandwidth
  rules, any dispute resolution

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Summary

• Propose a system with 25-50 Mbps for 8 countries
  in Caucasus and Central Asia
• System could grow with additional investment
  from others

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Conclusions

• The Project is ready to start
• The technical and organisational framework is in
  place
• A choice has to be made

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Modular Campus Network Design
Building
Building
Building
AccessLayer
L2 Switch
L3 Switch Router
DistributionLayer
Backbone
Backbone
Server Farm