Gastrointestinal System

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Gastrointestinal System

• Major Topics for Discussion
• Review of GI tract anatomy and physiology
• Pathology of the esophagus
• Pathology of the stomach
• Pathology of the small intestine
• Pathology of the large intestine

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The Esophagus

• Congenital Anomalies
• Reflux Esophagitis
• Esophageal Cancer

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Barrett Esophagus
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Esophageal Varies

• Varicose veins
• Complication of portal hypertension
• Rupture is life- threatening

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Esophageal Carcinoma
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The Stomach

• Acute and Chronic Gastritis
• Peptic Ulcer Disease
• Neoplasms

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Silver stain for Helicobacter pylori in the
stomach of a patient with chronic infectious
gastritis.
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Pathogenesis of Peptic Ulcer Disease
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• Peptic ulcer disease
• Complications include
• Chronic blood loss
• Perforation

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Duodenal Peptic Ulcer
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Benign Neoplasm - Leiomyoma of Stomach
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Adenocarcinoma of Stomach
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Trichobezoar (hairball - cast of the stomach)
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Small Intestines

• Infarction
• Neoplasms

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Infarction of the Small Bowel
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Carcinoid (Neuroendocrine) Tumors of the Small
Intestine
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The Large Intestine

• Pseudomembranous Colitis
• Diverticulosis/Diverticulitis
• Inflammatory Bowel Disease
• Neoplasia

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Pseudomembranous Colitis
Follows antibiotic therapy - associated with
Clostridium difficile toxins.
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Diverticulosis
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Pathogenesis of Crohn Disease
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Cobble-Stone Appearance of the Colon in Patients
with Crohn Disease
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Superficial Ulceration of the Colon in a Patient
with Ulcerative Colitis
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Neoplasia

• Benign Polyps
• Adenocarcinoma
• Adenomatous Polyposis Coli (APC)

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Tubular Adenoma (Adenomatous Polyp)
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Villous Adenoma of the Large Intestine
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Pathogenesis of Colon Cancer
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Adenomatous Polyposis Coli
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Colon Adenocarcinoma
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Dukes Staging of Colon Cancer Based on Depth of
Invasion
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Path Key Words

• Achalasia
• Acute erosive gastritis
• Adenocarcinoma
• Adenomatous polyps
• Barrett esophagus
• Crohn disease
• Diverticulitis
• Diverticulosis
• Familial adenomatous polyposis
• Helicobacter pylori

• Hiatal hernia
• Hirschsprung disease
• Ischemic bowel disease
• Lymphoma
• Malabsorption
• Peptic ulcer disease
• Pseudomembranous colitis
• Squamous cell carcinoma
• Tracheoesophageal fistula
• Ulcerative colitis