symbolic symbolism

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symbol
????
The lion is the symbol of courage.
On maps, a cross is the symbol for a
church. ???,?????????????
symbolic symbolism
mark
White marks painted on the trees show the
route.?????????????????
mark one's name on one's clothes
sign
traffic signs
Look out for a sign to the motorway.????????????
There wasn't a sign of life there.??????????
some signs of improvement in her work
????????????
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themesubject, topic??????
The theme of our discussion was "Europe in the
1990's". ????????90??????
theme song???
theme park????
dress up
be dressed in
The bride was dressed in white.
The facts are very clear. It's no use trying to
dress them up. ?????,?????????
Don't bother to dress up. Come as you
are. ??????????????????
Girls love dressing up.?????????
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opinion
What's your opinion of the new President? ????????
???
He was asked to give his honest
opinion. ????????????
be of the opinion that????
I am of the opinion that he is right.
In my opinion and in the opinion of most people,
it is a very sound investment. ??????????,????????
?
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People celebrate Mardi Gras by dressing up in
costumes

• dress up ????,??
• You dont need to for this dinner. I dont want
  to go to their wedding because I hate dressing
  up.
• dress up in ?????
• I just love the fun of dressing up in ancient
  clothing.
• dress up as ???
• The little girl dressed herself up as an angle.
• be dressed in ?
• She is always dressed in white.

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• Make the best of sth.
• -- to accept an unsatisfactory situation and do
  whatever you can to make it less bad
  (?????)????,????
• We have to the situation.
• One must learn to a bad job.
• The girl did not like to wash dishes, but she
  made the best of it.
• Make the worst of
• Dave was now changing over from making the worst
  of the affair to making the best of it.
• (??????)??????, ?????

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readingLanguage Points
1?major ??????
a major road??
a major operation???
We have encountered major problems.?????????
She majors in maths and physics. ?????????
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2 follow
follow the crowd
follow ones advice
follow ones example
follow the latest fashion
Monday follows Sunday.
The duckling followed its mother everywhere.
I couldnt follow his argument at all.
The main events are as follows first, the
presidents speech, secondly the secretarys
reply and thirdly, the chairmans summing-up.
It rained on the day we arrived, but the
following day was sunny.
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• 3. Kwanzaa is a seven-day festival celebrating
  the culture and history of African Americans.
• 1) seven-day (compound adj.)
• the tenth five-year plan
• a three-leg table
• Many students signed up for ________________ race
  in the sports meeting to be held next week.
• 2) celebrating
• which celebrates
• Similar structure
• the week following Christmas Day

800-metre-long
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4?celebrate Christmas
celebrate a wedding anniversary
celebrate sbs birthday
celebrate a victory, success
birthday celebration
a day of celebration
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5 greet???????? He greeted me in the street
with a friendly wave of the hand. ????????????? H
ello! and Dear sir are greetings. a greeting
card?? the seasons greeting 6 Gone are the days
_____ the Chinese people were looked down
upon. John shut everyone out of the kitchen ____
he could prepare his grand surprise for
dinner. A. which B. when C. so that D. as if
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• 10. The African first-fruit festivals had many
  things in common
• If two or more things have something in common,
  they have the same characteristic or feature.
• If two or more people have something in common,
  they share the same interests or experiences.
• To my surprise, I found I had a lot in common
  with this stranger.
• Their methods have a lot in common (with each
  other).

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• 5. People would get together to celebrate their
  harvest people used to give thanks for their
  harvest and for life,
• would used to
• would ????? ????, ?used to ????,?????would????
  ?????,?used to?????????
• He would come to my home for help when he had any
  trouble. ( He used to come )
• But He used to be a worker.
• He would be a worker.

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7 for Whats English for ??? Referendum 8 have
in common They found they had lot in common and
got on well. I have nothing in with you. 8
?????????? He didnt use to drive to
work. ??????????,??? She usednt to play computer
games, used he?
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• There used to be an old temple on the hill.
• When he was there, he ________ go to that coffee
  shop at the corner after work every day.
• would B. should C. had better D. might
• would ?????(???????)
• used to ????

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9 honour ??????????? I feel greatly honoured
by your trust. Will you honour me with a
visit? in honour of sth ?????????? a ceremory in
honour of those killed in battle ????????????? It
s a great honour to be invited. You do us a great
honour by attending. ?????????????? Will you do
me the honour of dinning with me?
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10 principle a text which teaches the basic
principles of geometry ???? the principle of
equality of opportunity of all ????????? live
according to ones principles ????????
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• 11. The festivals were a way to celebrate history
  and culture, as well as the new year.
• Note ---
• No articles are used before history and culture
  ???, ???????????????????. ???????????????,???????.
  
• American history
• The history of America

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• 12. as well as
• He grows flowers as well as vegetables.
• She is a talented musician as well as being a
  photographer.
• Are they coming as well?
• 13 unity
• Live together in unity
• Political unity ??????
• National unity is essential in wartime.

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unite After three years in prison he was again
united with his wife and family. We should unite
to fight poverty and disease. A very united
family?????? 14 community???????? work for
the good of the community ??????? community
service?????? a community spirit???? community
centre??????
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15 country???? We passed through four countries
on our way to Greece. state?? The State provides
free education and health care. ???????????????? T
here are 13 states in Malaysia.? nation???? The
United Nations The Jewish nation is scattered
around the world. ????????????
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16 determine???? His future has not been
determined, but he may study medicine. ???????????
,??????? ??????????? He will determine how it is
to be done. We determined on an early
start.????????? He determined to learn
Greek. ?????????????? The exam could determine
your career. Im determined to succeed. ??????????
? a determined fighter, look, attitude ???????????
a leader with courage and determination?????
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17 support ????????????? This bridge is strong
enough to support heavy lorries. The director
were trying to get rid of her, but her staff all
supported her. ????????,?????????????? ???????????
Which sport team do you support? ???????????? I
was supported by my parents when I was
studying.
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18 purpose ??????????? What is the purpose of the
meeting? ?????????? What is your purpose in going
to Canada. Did he break it accidentally? No, on
purpose. ???????????? She seems to do these
things on purpose.
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19 create?????? God created the world. A
novelist creates characters and a
plot. ???????????????? create more jobs creation
the creation of a good impression ??????? creativ
e
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20 faith (in sth)?????? put ones faith in
God Have you an faith in what he says? ???????? I
havent any faith in this medicine. I have lost
faith in that fellow. ???????????? break faith
with sb??? keep faith with sb?? faithful A
faithful friend????? She was always faithful to
her husband. ??????????
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• 21. We must do as much as we can to make our
  community better and more beautiful.
• as as one can(asas possible) ?????
• He will drive as carefully as he can to avoid any
  accidents.
• He ran as fast as he could in the race and
  finally got the 2nd place.
• Will you please be back as soon as possible so
  that you will have more time to exchange views
  with the experts?

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22 spirit He answered with spirit. ????????? in
low/poor / high spirits raise ones
spirits Have a glass of brandy to keep your
spirits up. ?????????? 23 commercial We must
promote commerce with neighbouring
countries. commercial law, activity ????,????
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• 24. Since Kwanzaa is a time for learning as well
  as joy, people celebrate it by lighting a candle
  each day and discussing one of
• light lit lighted
• lighted is used especially as an attributive adj.
• e.g. a lighted candle/lamp/match
• He lit the candle.
• The candles were lit.

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• As soon as the ____ candle was brought in, it
  soon ____ up the little room.
• A. lighted lit B. lighting lighted
• C. lit lighted D. lit lit
• Each day every day
• Each day ????????????, ???
• Every day ??????????????,???
• Such things do not happen every day.
• It rains each day this month.

v
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• 25. Each time we celebrate a festival it changes
  a little and in that way we keep our culture
  alive.
• Each time / Every time clause ??
• Dont look up the word in the dictionary every
  time you come to a word or phrase you dont know.
• Each time he came back to his hometown, he found
  it changed a little.
• the moment clause ?? ( as soon as)
• I promise you can have the magazine the moment I
  finish reading it.

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26 joy dance, jump, shout with joy He is a great
joy to listen to. ????,???????????? one of the
simple joys of life ?????????? 27 give away He
gave most of his money away to charity. ??????????
??????(??) The major gave away the prizes at the
school sports meet. ??????????????(??)
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28 make peace?? be at peace with sb. /
sth?????? Shes never at peace with
herself. ???????? keep the peace???? a
peace-keeping force 29 the kiss of life
???????? kiss sb goodbye
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Language points

• 1. It is likely that people have celebrated
• Likely adj. ????
• 1) be likely to
• John is likely to go to the beach tomorrow.
• It is therefore possible to say not only what
  the weather is like at present, but also what is
  likely to happen in the next day or two.
• 2) It is likely that
• It is likely that he is in trouble now.
• Its quite likely that a decision will be made
  before the end of the year.

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• Likely /possible /probable
• ?? ????
• ?????, likely????????possible?,??probable?,
  ????????????????????.
• The sky is clear, so its not ______ to rain this
  afternoon.
• A. doubtful B. likely
• C. certain D. rarely

v
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• 2. Almost every culture has some kind of harvest
  festival.
• Some used to mean a person or thing, when you
  do not know or say exactly which (??,??)
• She was hunting for some book that she had lost.
• There must be some mistake.
• Some day he will get his scholarship.
• For some reason, they didnt come.

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• 3. All across Africa, get together for festivals
  around harvest time.
• 4. , people celebrate a new harvest with days of
  dancing and offering fruit to their ancestors and
  gods.
• 5. The boats used are beautifully painted and
  decorated with flowers of all colours.
• 6. ,there is a similar festival in May.
• John and I have similar taste in sport.
• My computer is similar to Toms.
• A is similar to B.

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• 7. People arrange races, games and dances to give
  thanks to the rice gods.
• give thanks to sb. for sth.
• Please give my thanks to your father for his kind
  help.
• 8. People visit the graves of their ancestors to
  show their respect.
• Show respect/ love for
• Show interest in
• 9. When the visit to the graves is over,

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• 10. , on the fifteenth day of the eighth month
  of the lunar calendar
• 11. From Thanksgiving in the West to the
  Mid-Autumn Festival in the East, the yearly
  festivals represent our love for family, friends
  and life.

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• Symbol, signal sign
• Symbol sign,mark,object etc looked upon as
  representing sth.????
• Blue is a symbol of peace.
• The Cross is the symbol of Christianity.
• Signal ??,??,??
• Traffic signals (????)
• A red light is usually a signal of danger.
• Sign ??,?? Mathematical signs ?
  ??,??,????????????????????????
• Dark clouds are usually a sign of rain.

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Why are these festivals spreading around the
world?

• Festival
• Where
• Why
• Who

• Christmas
• Europe, the US, also sometimes in China
• People like the story about Santa Claus
  businesses like to make money by selling
  Christmas things
• Christians, mainly, but also people who simply
  enjoy the festival

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• 1. Earth Day is a celebration of life and our
  planet. It is a reminder that we need to care
  about the world we live in and that we should
  learn to respect life and nature.
• ???????????????,???????????????????, ???????????.

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2 care about???? Dont you care about the
countrys future? ?????????????? ???????????? I
dont think she cares (about) what happens to her
children. ????????????? All she cares about is
her social life. care for?? Would you care for a
drink? ????????? care for sb. ? care for a
sick???? ???????? I dont care much for Peking
Opera.
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3 respect sb for sth ???????,???????? I respect
you for your honesty. ????????????? respect ones
wishes, opinions, feelings respect
oneself???? Children should show respect for
their teachers.
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• 4 A Day On, Not A Day Off!
• To have a day off means to stay at home from
  work for a day, usually to relax. A day on
  means that although an American doesnt work that
  day, they should do something serious to honour
  the man for whom the holiday is given.
• It is not a time for us to rest, but a time to
  think about and do something important and great.

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• 5. The festival honours both the living and the
  dead.
• the adj. used to talk about a class of people
  or things
• The old/young/rich/poor/wounded
• Jim is like his father both in appearance and in
  character.
• The young should respect the old and the old
  should care about the young.

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6. People give sugar skeletons to each other as
gifts.
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• 7. It is not a sad day, but rather a time to
  celebrate the cycle of life.
• not but rather used to say that someone does
  not do something but does something else instead
  (??)
• ??????????,?????????????.
• The committee does not deal with opening up the
  village, but rather discusses the problem of
  pollution.

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rather???????? I worked as a secretary, or
rather, a typist. ?????,?????????? He had to
walk or rather run to the office. ?????????
?????
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• 8. Our friends will play tricks on us and try to
  fool us.
• Play tricks on sb./ play a trick on sb.
• Dont play tricks on me -- I want to know the
  truth.
• That was an unfair trick to play on her.
• 6. If a person is taken in,
• take in ????,??,??????,??
• Hes a clever talker and good at taking people
  in.

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• Dont be taken in by products claiming to help
  you lose weight in a week.
• Mrs. Brown is considering taking in students next
  year.
• We could hardly take in what was be being said.
• The study of physics takes in many different
  subject.
• I take in a daily paper and a monthly magazine.
• ??