Designing P3Systems using ESM'

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Designing P3-Systems using ESM.

• Chris Leberknight
• New Jersey Institute of Technology

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Outline

• What is ESM?
• Overview of P3-Systems
• Why would we use ESM?
• The ESM P3 Study
• CampusWiki prototype for a P3-System.
• Questions?

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Experience Sampling MethodBackground

• (ESM) a.k.a. ecological momentary assessment
  (EMA)
• Primarily used for time-use studies and
  preventive medicine measurement studies.
• Subjects are asked to carry a beeper device that
  signals on a time-based protocol determined by
  the researcher.
• Each time the beeper activates, subjects fill out
  a survey that typically includes questions asking
  what the subject was doing and how the subject
  was feeling at the time of the alarm.
• Source http//web.media.mit.edu/intille/caes/

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Four characteristics of traditional ESM/EMA
methods 1.

• Assess phenomena at the moment they occur
• Usually involve a substantial number of repeated
  observations
• Made in the environments that subjects typically
  inhabit
• Dependent upon careful timing of assessments
• Source 1 Stone, A.A., Shiffman, S. Ecological
  Momentary Assessment (EMA) in Behavioral
  Medicine. Annals of Behavioral Medicine, 1994,
  16(3) 199-202. 

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Standard Sampling Methods.

• Using standard methods researchers are limited to
  three types of scheduling formats 2
• Event-contingent
• Time-contingent
• Signal-contingent.
• Source 2 Wheeler, L., Reis, H.T.
  Self-Recording of Everyday Life Events Origins,
  Types, and Uses. Journal of Personality. 1991,
  59 339-354.

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Context-aware experience sampling.

• Improves upon ESM/EMA by using emerging
  computational perception and sensing technologies
  to automatically detect events that can trigger
  sampling and thereby data collection.
• Source http//web.media.mit.edu/intille/caes/ca
  esindex.htm

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P3-Systems

• Location based community system.
• Connecting People to People to Places.

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Four Factors of P3-Systems

• People Properties
• Place Properties
• People-Place relationships
• People-People relationships
• Source Jones Q., Grandhi S., Terveen L., and
  Whittaker S., (2004). People-To-People-to-Geograph
  ical-Places The P3 Framework for Location-Based
  Community Systems. Journal of Computer Supported
  Cooperative Work. Kluwer Academic Publishers.

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P3-System
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Why would we use ESM?

• Goal of ESM is to maximize the validity of data
  collected by avoiding or minimizing retrospective
  recall.
• Other types of data collection methods dont help
  address Retrospective Recall.
• Basic Paper Surveys
• Diaries
• What did you do last Wednesday?
• Where were you on 10/24/05??

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Why would we use ESM? (Cont.)

• Provide information based on location.
• Need accurate geotemporal data.
• Answers where and at what time?
• Study behavioral and location patterns.

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The ESM P3 Study

• Requirement Analysis to help design P3 System.
  i.e. Connecting People to People to Places.
• The pattern and places students visit on campus?
• Where they would share information and with whom?
• Which places are sharing places and which are not?

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ESM P3 Study (Cont.)

• Approximately 45-50 students.
• Signal contingent method.
• Ipaq, wireless devices.
• Survey dispatched at different times during the
  day for 1 week, using C and wireless
  communication to Ipaq.

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ESM P3 Study Survey.

• Typical survey questions
• Where are you?
• Is this place important to you?
• Would you share your presence in this location
  with anyone?
• Would you like to know if your friends,
  classmates, professors, etc are in the next
  place you are going?

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ESM P3 Study (Cont.)

• Collect all data from survey and put into SPSS.
• Analyze SPSS data (frequencies and cross
  tabulations)
• Follow up with each subject for a Semi-Structured
  Interview. Helps to explain whats in the ESM
  data and whats not.

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ESM Flow
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CampusWiki

• Wiki allows you to freely create and edit web
  pages.
• Enhance collaboration and community building.
• Provide individuals with default information
  based on location.

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CampusWiki Screen Shot
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CampusWiki (Cont.)
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Questions???