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Patti Russ, Region VIII TA

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Title: Patti Russ, Region VIII TA


1
  • Welcome
  • Patti Russ, Region VIII TA
  • Julie Shuell, Executive Director

2
The Mission
  • The Child Care Bureau (CCB) supports low-income
    working families through child care financial
    assistance and promotes childrens learning by
    improving the quality of early care and education
    and after-school programs.

3
ACF
  • The Administration for Children and Families
    (ACF), within the U.S. Department of Health and
    Human Services (HHS), is responsible for Federal
    programs that promote the economic and social
    well-being of families, children, people, and
    communities.
  • ACF programs aim to achieve the following
  • Empowering families and people to increase their
    own economic independence and productivity
  • Creating strong, healthy, and supportive
    communities that have a positive impact on the
    quality of life and childrens development
  • Establishing partnerships with people, front-line
    service providers, communities, American Indian
    Tribes, Native communities, States, and Congress
    that create solutions which transcend traditional
    agency boundaries
  • Helping to create planned, reformed, and
    integrated services to improve needed access
  • Maintaining a strong commitment to working with
    people with developmental disabilities, refugees,
    and immigrants to address their needs, strengths,
    and abilities

4
Child Care and Development Fund (CCDF) Overview
5
CCDF Goals
  • Allow States maximum flexibility in developing
    child care programs and policies
  • Promote parental choice
  • Provide consumer education
  • Provide child care to parents trying to achieve
    independence from public assistance
  • Help States implement health, safety, licensing,
    and registration standards

Source CCDF Final Rule, 45 CFR Section Parts 98
and 99. Federal Register 63142 (24 July 1998).
6
Purpose of CCDF
  • Provide low-income families with financial
    resources to find and afford child care
  • Enhance quality
  • Provide parents with a broad range of care
    options
  • Strengthen the role of the family
  • Improve coordination among child care programs
    and early childhood development programs
  • Increase child care availability

Source CCDF Final Rule, 45 CFR Section Parts 98
and 99. Federal Register 63142 (24 July 1998).
7
Privately Donated Funds
  • States may designate a single entity to receive
    donated funds from private sources
  • A designated single entity is not required if
    States receive privately donated funds directly

8
Overview of CCDF Plans
  • CCDF Plans are for October 2009September 2011
  • CCB provides guidance, CCDF Plan Preprint, and
    submission timelines

9
Consultation/Coordination
  • Consultation involves the participation of an
    appropriate agency in the development of the CCDF
    Plan
  • Coordination involves the coordination of child
    care and early childhood development services,
    including efforts to work together across
    multiple entities, both public and private

10
Consultation/Coordination, con.
  • States/Territories must develop the CCDF Plan in
    consultation with representatives of general
    purpose local governments
  • States/Territories must identify coordination
    with the following in their CCDF Plans
  • Other early childhood programs, including other
    governmental, Tribal, and/or private agencies
    responsible for providing these services
  • Public health
  • Employment services/workforce development
  • Public education
  • Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF)
  • Any Indian Tribes in the State/Territory
    receiving CCDF funds

11
Consultation/Coordination, con.
  • States/Territories must report their
    publicprivate partnerships that improve
    private-sector involvement to help meet child
    care needs in their CCDF Plans
  • States/Territories describe public-private
    partnership activities
  • States/Territories include the results or
    expected results

12
MRS
  • States/Territories must report/include the
    following in their CCDF Plans
  • The month and year they completed the market rate
    survey (MRS)
  • A copy of instrument and summary of the results
  • Payment rates and information about tiered
    reimbursement
  • Information about how they ensure equal access

13
Eligibility Criteria
  • States/Territories must report/include the
    following in their CCDF Plans
  • Year of State Median Income (SMI) used
  • Effective dates of eligibility limits used
  • A definition of income
  • A reference to the SMI table
    www.census.gov/hhes/www/income/4person.html
  • A definition of protective services

14
Sliding Fee Scale/Co-payment
  • Based on income and family size
  • Cannot be based on type of care
  • Can vary based on cost
  • Option Waived for families at or below the
    Federal Poverty Income Guidelines (FPIG)

15
Quality Activities
  • States/Territories must report the following in
    their CCDF Plans
  • Entities providing the activities
  • Infant/Toddler, resource and referral, and
    school-age care quality activities
  • Other quality activities
  • Professional development and early learning
    guideline activities
  • Descriptions of expected results

16
Partnering With States and Territories
  • Through the CCDF Biennial Plan process, CCB
    encourages States and Territories to do the
    following
  • Develop and implement voluntary statewide early
    learning guidelines
  • Develop and implement statewide professional
    development plans
  • Coordinate early childhood programs or funding
    streams

17
ELGs and Professional Development
  • States/Territories are required to report the
    following in their CCDF Plans
  • Status of voluntary guidelines for early learning
  • A description of the process for implementing the
    guidelines
  • A description of the State/Territorys plan for
    assessing the guidelines
  • Status of the professional development plan

18
CCDF Fiscal Requirements
19
Fiscal Requirements Overview
  • Components of CCDF
  • Discretionary, Mandatory, and Matching Streams
  • Restrictions and options for meeting State Match
    and Maintenance of Effort requirements
  • Obligation and liquidation periods
  • CCDF requirements
  • CCDF restrictions
  • Other available child care funds
  • Requests and reporting
  • Monitoring and enforcement

20
CCDF Funding Structure
21
Basic CCDF Requirements
  • No less than 4 of the aggregate amount of
    Discretionary, Mandatory, and Federal and State
    shares of Matching Fund expenditures must be used
    for quality activities
  • No more than 5 of the aggregate amount of
    Discretionary, Mandatory, and Federal and State
    shares of Matching Fund expenditures shall be
    used for administrative activities
  • Not less than70 of the aggregate amount of
    Mandatory and Matching Funds shall be used to
    meet the child care needs of families who are
    receiving TANF assistance, are transitioning off
    of TANF, or are at risk of becoming dependent on
    such assistance

22
CCDF Earmark Requirements
  • Certain Discretionary funds are targeted for
    the following purposes
  • Child care resource and referral and school-age
    child care
  • Quality expansion
  • Quality activities related to infant and toddler
    care
  • These amounts are in addition to the 4 quality
    requirement

23
Other Available Child Care Funds
  • TANF transfers
  • States may transfer up to 30 of their total TANF
    grants to the Social Services Block Grant (SSBG)
    and CCDF
  • TANF funds transferred to CCDF are treated as
    Discretionary Funds
  • Reallotted Discretionary Funds (CCDF Reg.
    98.64(b))
  • Any unobligated Discretionary Funds shall be
    reallotted to the other States in proportion to
    the original allotments
  • Redistributed Matching Funds (CCDF Reg.
    98.64(c))
  • Any unobligated portion of a States Matching
    Fund grant shall be redistributed to requesting
    States that have met the requirements for
    Matching Funds in the period for which the grant
    was first made

24
Other Available Child Care Funds, con.
  • American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (ARRA)
  • Appropriates an additional 2 billion in CCDF
    Discretionary Funding as part of the economic
    stimulus package
  • The purposes of the ARRA include the following
  • Preserve and create jobs an promote economic
    recovery
  • Provide investments to increase economic
    efficiency by spurring technological advances in
    science and health
  • Invest in infrastructure that will provide
    long-term economic benefits
  • Stabilize State and local government budgets in
    order to avoid reductions in essential services
    and counterproductive tax increases

25
ARRA
  • Transparency and Accountability
  • Report on the use of funds, including the
    following
  • Amount of funds received
  • Detailed descriptions of projects for which
    recovery funds were used
  • Estimated number of jobs created or retained
  • Infrastructure investments made
  • Targeted Funds
  • Activities to improve the quality of infant and
    toddler care
  • Expanded quality initiatives
  • Additional funds
  • 4 calculation

26
CCDF and State Subsidy Programs
27
Eligibility Rules
  • Childs age
  • Younger than 13
  • Option Younger than age 19 and physically or
    mentally incapable of self-care or under court
    supervision
  • Family income
  • At or below 85 percent of SMI
  • Need for child care
  • Work or training
  • Protective services
  • Priorities
  • Children from families with very low incomes
  • Children with special needs

28
Eligibility Dilemma
  • Too high Demand may exceed budget, causing
    waiting lists or requiring changes in other
    policies
  • Too low Working families hit the wall, may
    cycle back to TANF

29
State Eligibility Policies
  • Income limits range from 34 to 85 of SMI
  • The average is 60 of SMI
  • 11 States have tiered eligibility (i.e.,
    eligibility thresholds are dependent on income
    levels)
  • In Florida, once determined eligible for services
    at 150 of FPIG, families may remain eligible for
    financial assistance up to 200 of FPIG

Source CCDF Plans for FY 2008-2009.
30
Co-Pay Policies
  • Sliding fee scale required States are required
    to establish by rule a sliding fee scale that
    provides for cost sharing by families
  • Based on income and family size The fee scale
    must be based on income and the size of the
    family and may be based on other factors as
    appropriate
  • Affordable States must provide facts showing how
    co-payments are affordable
  • Waivers States may waive fees (co-pays) from
    families at or below FPIG

31
Co-Pay Dilemma
  • Too Low
  • Is easier for families in the short run
  • but
  • Creates higher cost for the State
  • and
  • Creates a cliff effect for families
  • and
  • May change other policies to contain costs
  • Too High
  • Creates less cost to the State
  • Reduces cliff effect
  • but
  • May be unaffordable for families (they may opt
    out for cheaper care)
  • Other?

32
State Co-Pay Policies
  • 33 States and Territories Dollar amount (flat
    fee)
  • 11 States Percentage of income, ranging from 0
    to 25.5
  • 12 States and Territories Percentage of cost of
    care or of the maximum reimbursement rate
  • Other State choices
  • 11 States and 4 Territories (27) waive fees for
    all families with income below FPIG, and 37
    States (66) waive fees for some families with
    income below FPIG
  • 36 States and 3 Territories allow providers to
    charge for the unsubsidized portion of providers
    normal fees

Source CCDF Plans for FY 2008-2009
33
Reimbursement Rates
  • Equal access States must certify that provider
    reimbursement rates are sufficient to ensure
    subsidized families have equal access to child
    care services that are comparable to those
    provided to nonsubsidized families
  • Rate survey Rates must be based on a survey of
    the market conducted within 2 years of the CCDF
    Plan

34
Reimbursement Dilemma
  • Too High
  • Costs may exceed available budget, leading to
    waiting lists
  • May require changes in other policies
  • Too Low
  • Providers may refuse to serve subsidized families
    because they are paid less than market rates
  • Low reimbursements may defeat efforts to improve
    quality child care for children from low-income
    families

35
State Reimbursement Rate Policy
  • 13 States and Territories Rate ceilings are at
    75th percentile or higher for the current MRS
  • 44 States and Territories Tiered reimbursement
  • 33 States and Territories Higher rate for
    quality care
  • 31 States and Territories Higher rate for
    serving children with special needs
  • 12 States Higher rate for nontraditional hours
    and weekend care
  • 10 States Higher rate for infant and toddler
    care
  • Limitations on in-home care
  • 37 States and Territories Limit use in some way
  • 27 States Require providers to receive at least
    the minimum wage in accordance in the Fair Labor
    Standards Act

Source CCDF Plans for FY 2008-2009
36
Regulation and Licensing
  • Access to the Full Range of Providers

37
Regulation and Licensing
  • Compliance with applicable State and local
    regulatory requirements
  • Child care providers who receive subsidy payments
    must comply with State requirements
  • Health and safety requirements
  • States must have in effect the following
    requirements for all CCDF-funded providers,
    except relatives
  • Immunization
  • Building and physical premise safety
  • Minimum health and safety training

38
Provider Regulation Policies
  • States have broad discretion in regulatory policy
  • Key decision What types of facilities can be
    exempt from licensing?
  • Key decision How to approach standards and
    monitoring for nonlicensed care?

39
Regulation and LicensingCenter-Based Care
  • 27 States require all center-based providers paid
    with CCDF funds to meet State licensing laws
  • States indicate the following requirements for
    center-based providers that are not licensed
  • 7 States rely on local fire, building, and health
    departments to inspect centers building and
    physical premises safety and prevention and
    control of infectious disease
  • 7 States require CPR/first aid training.
  • 6 States require center providers to self-certify
    compliance or complete checklists about
    prevention and control of infectious disease,
    building and physical premises safety, and health
    and safety requirements

40
Regulation and LicensingFamily Child Care
  • 16 States require all family child care providers
    to be licensed in order to receive child care
    reimbursement
  • 35 States do not require family child care
    providers to be licensed in order to receive
    child care reimbursement
  • 21 of the 35 States require family child care
    providers to self-certify compliance or complete
    checklists regarding prevention and control of
    infectious disease, building and physical
    premises safety, and health and safety
    requirements

41
Regulation and Licensing In-Home Providers
  • No State requires in-home providers to be
    licensed
  • 29 States require in-home providers to
    self-certify compliance or complete checklists
    regarding prevention and control of infectious
    disease, building and physical premises safety,
    and health and safety requirements
  • 9 States require CPR/first aid training
  • 9 States require verification of tuberculosis
    tests
  • 3 States require physical exams or health
    statements
  • 14 States require either orientation, preservice,
    or annual training about health and safety

42
Regulation and LicensingRelative Providers
  • More than half of the States subject relative
    care providers, grandparents, great grandparents,
    aunts, uncles or siblings, to the same health and
    safety requirements as center-based, group home,
    family child care, and in-home care providers
  • 14 States subject some or all relative providers
    to different health and safety requirements from
    those required of center-based, group home,
    family child care and in-home providers

43
CCDF Management of Quality Programs
44
Allowable Quality Activities
  • Quality activities include, but are not limited
    to (45 CFR 98.51) the following
  • Resource and referral
  • Direct operations or financial assistance to
    organizations
  • For development, establishment, expansion,
    operation, and coordination of resource and
    referral programs
  • Grants or loans to child care providers
  • To meet applicable State, local, and Tribal child
    care standards, including health and safety
    requirements
  • For improving monitoring of compliance with, and
    enforcement of, State, local, and Tribal
    requirements
  • Improving monitoring of compliance with, and
    enforcement of, State, local, and tribal
    requirements

45
Allowable Quality Activities, con.
  • Quality Activities include, but are not limited
    to (45 CFR 98.51) the following
  • Offering training and technical assistance, such
    as training about the following
  • Health and safety
  • Nutrition
  • First aid
  • Recognition of communicable diseases
  • Child abuse detection and prevention
  • Care of children with special needs
  • Improving salaries and other compensation (fringe
    benefits) for staff who provide child care
    services
  • Implementing any other activities consistent with
    the intent of improving the quality and
    availability of care

46
Targeted Funds
  • CCDF funds are targeted for three specific
    purposes
  • School-age care/resource and referral services
  • Quality expansion
  • Infant and toddler care
  • These funds are in addition to the 4

47
Earmarks Infant/Toddler
  • 52 States and Territories offer specialized
    training for providers caring for infants and
    toddlers
  • 34 States and Territories provide technical
    assistance services
  • 21 States and Territories use the Infant/Toddler
    Environmental Rating Scale in their initiatives
  • 26 States and Territories provide financial
    incentives such as stipends, scholarships,
    bonuses, wage supplements, or higher
    reimbursement rates
  • 21 States and Territories use infant/toddler
    specialists or health consultants
  • 12 States provide train-the-trainer sessions

48
Earmarks Resource and Referral and School-Age
Programs
  • All States contract with public or private
    entities to provide resource and referral
    services for families served by CCDF as well as
    for all other families
  • In all Territories, the CCDF Lead Agency provides
    resource and referral services
  • 41 States and Territories provide school-age
    practitioner training
  • 17 States provide technical assistance for
    school-age programs
  • 15 States and Territories offer grants to improve
    quality for school-age programs

49
How States Are Spending Quality Funds
GAO Report indicates the types of expenditures by
States for quality improvement initiatives during
Fiscal Year 2000
The following indicates the types of expenditures
by States for quality improvement initiatives
during FY 2000
50
How States Are Spending Quality Funds, con.
51
How States are Spending Quality Funds, con.
52
How States are Spending Quality Funds, con.
  • Tiered strategy systems
  • 36 States have implemented a tiered strategy
    system
  • 20 States have implemented a tiered strategy
    system with more than two levels
  • Four types of tiered strategy systems
  • 1. Tiered reimbursement
  • 2. Rated license
  • 3. Quality rating system/quality rating and
    improvement system (QRS/QRIS)
  • 4. Combination of strategies

53
Quality Dilemmas
  • How does your State do the following
  • Balance subsidy and quality priorities?
  • Prioritize quality initiatives?
  • Make the case for quality initiatives?

54
QRS/QRIS
  • 18 States implemented statewide QRS/QRIS
  • At least 25 States are exploring or designing a
    QRS/QRIS
  • 33 States and Territories provide higher rates
    for child care providers who achieve one or more
    levels of quality beyond basic licensing
    requirements

55
ELGs
  • States and Territories report different stages of
    early learning guidelines (ELGs) development and
    implementation


56
ELGs, con.
  • States and Territories are aligning preschool
    ELGs with other State/Territory standards and
    national standards


57
ELGs, con.
  • Many States and Territories report additional
    domains in ELGs


58
Professional Development Plans
  • States and Territories report different stages of
    professional development plan implementation

59
CCDF Plan Materials
CCDF Plan resources are available on NCCICs Web
site at http//nccic.org/pubs/stateplan/stateplan-
intro.html
60
State Early Care and Education Profiles
61
CCDF Administration Resources
62
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