Title: Patti Russ, Region VIII TA
1- Welcome
- Patti Russ, Region VIII TA
- Julie Shuell, Executive Director
2The Mission
- The Child Care Bureau (CCB) supports low-income
working families through child care financial
assistance and promotes childrens learning by
improving the quality of early care and education
and after-school programs.
3ACF
- The Administration for Children and Families
(ACF), within the U.S. Department of Health and
Human Services (HHS), is responsible for Federal
programs that promote the economic and social
well-being of families, children, people, and
communities. - ACF programs aim to achieve the following
- Empowering families and people to increase their
own economic independence and productivity - Creating strong, healthy, and supportive
communities that have a positive impact on the
quality of life and childrens development - Establishing partnerships with people, front-line
service providers, communities, American Indian
Tribes, Native communities, States, and Congress
that create solutions which transcend traditional
agency boundaries - Helping to create planned, reformed, and
integrated services to improve needed access - Maintaining a strong commitment to working with
people with developmental disabilities, refugees,
and immigrants to address their needs, strengths,
and abilities
4Child Care and Development Fund (CCDF) Overview
5CCDF Goals
- Allow States maximum flexibility in developing
child care programs and policies - Promote parental choice
- Provide consumer education
- Provide child care to parents trying to achieve
independence from public assistance - Help States implement health, safety, licensing,
and registration standards
Source CCDF Final Rule, 45 CFR Section Parts 98
and 99. Federal Register 63142 (24 July 1998).
6Purpose of CCDF
- Provide low-income families with financial
resources to find and afford child care - Enhance quality
- Provide parents with a broad range of care
options
- Strengthen the role of the family
- Improve coordination among child care programs
and early childhood development programs - Increase child care availability
Source CCDF Final Rule, 45 CFR Section Parts 98
and 99. Federal Register 63142 (24 July 1998).
7Privately Donated Funds
- States may designate a single entity to receive
donated funds from private sources - A designated single entity is not required if
States receive privately donated funds directly
8Overview of CCDF Plans
- CCDF Plans are for October 2009September 2011
- CCB provides guidance, CCDF Plan Preprint, and
submission timelines
9Consultation/Coordination
- Consultation involves the participation of an
appropriate agency in the development of the CCDF
Plan - Coordination involves the coordination of child
care and early childhood development services,
including efforts to work together across
multiple entities, both public and private
10Consultation/Coordination, con.
- States/Territories must develop the CCDF Plan in
consultation with representatives of general
purpose local governments - States/Territories must identify coordination
with the following in their CCDF Plans - Other early childhood programs, including other
governmental, Tribal, and/or private agencies
responsible for providing these services - Public health
- Employment services/workforce development
- Public education
- Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF)
- Any Indian Tribes in the State/Territory
receiving CCDF funds
11Consultation/Coordination, con.
- States/Territories must report their
publicprivate partnerships that improve
private-sector involvement to help meet child
care needs in their CCDF Plans - States/Territories describe public-private
partnership activities - States/Territories include the results or
expected results
12MRS
- States/Territories must report/include the
following in their CCDF Plans - The month and year they completed the market rate
survey (MRS) - A copy of instrument and summary of the results
- Payment rates and information about tiered
reimbursement - Information about how they ensure equal access
13Eligibility Criteria
- States/Territories must report/include the
following in their CCDF Plans - Year of State Median Income (SMI) used
- Effective dates of eligibility limits used
- A definition of income
- A reference to the SMI table
www.census.gov/hhes/www/income/4person.html - A definition of protective services
14Sliding Fee Scale/Co-payment
- Based on income and family size
- Cannot be based on type of care
- Can vary based on cost
- Option Waived for families at or below the
Federal Poverty Income Guidelines (FPIG)
15Quality Activities
- States/Territories must report the following in
their CCDF Plans - Entities providing the activities
- Infant/Toddler, resource and referral, and
school-age care quality activities - Other quality activities
- Professional development and early learning
guideline activities - Descriptions of expected results
16 Partnering With States and Territories
- Through the CCDF Biennial Plan process, CCB
encourages States and Territories to do the
following - Develop and implement voluntary statewide early
learning guidelines - Develop and implement statewide professional
development plans - Coordinate early childhood programs or funding
streams
17ELGs and Professional Development
- States/Territories are required to report the
following in their CCDF Plans - Status of voluntary guidelines for early learning
- A description of the process for implementing the
guidelines - A description of the State/Territorys plan for
assessing the guidelines - Status of the professional development plan
18CCDF Fiscal Requirements
19Fiscal Requirements Overview
- Components of CCDF
- Discretionary, Mandatory, and Matching Streams
- Restrictions and options for meeting State Match
and Maintenance of Effort requirements - Obligation and liquidation periods
- CCDF requirements
- CCDF restrictions
- Other available child care funds
- Requests and reporting
- Monitoring and enforcement
20CCDF Funding Structure
21Basic CCDF Requirements
- No less than 4 of the aggregate amount of
Discretionary, Mandatory, and Federal and State
shares of Matching Fund expenditures must be used
for quality activities - No more than 5 of the aggregate amount of
Discretionary, Mandatory, and Federal and State
shares of Matching Fund expenditures shall be
used for administrative activities - Not less than70 of the aggregate amount of
Mandatory and Matching Funds shall be used to
meet the child care needs of families who are
receiving TANF assistance, are transitioning off
of TANF, or are at risk of becoming dependent on
such assistance
22CCDF Earmark Requirements
- Certain Discretionary funds are targeted for
the following purposes - Child care resource and referral and school-age
child care - Quality expansion
- Quality activities related to infant and toddler
care - These amounts are in addition to the 4 quality
requirement
23Other Available Child Care Funds
- TANF transfers
- States may transfer up to 30 of their total TANF
grants to the Social Services Block Grant (SSBG)
and CCDF - TANF funds transferred to CCDF are treated as
Discretionary Funds - Reallotted Discretionary Funds (CCDF Reg.
98.64(b)) - Any unobligated Discretionary Funds shall be
reallotted to the other States in proportion to
the original allotments - Redistributed Matching Funds (CCDF Reg.
98.64(c)) - Any unobligated portion of a States Matching
Fund grant shall be redistributed to requesting
States that have met the requirements for
Matching Funds in the period for which the grant
was first made
24Other Available Child Care Funds, con.
- American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (ARRA)
- Appropriates an additional 2 billion in CCDF
Discretionary Funding as part of the economic
stimulus package - The purposes of the ARRA include the following
- Preserve and create jobs an promote economic
recovery - Provide investments to increase economic
efficiency by spurring technological advances in
science and health - Invest in infrastructure that will provide
long-term economic benefits - Stabilize State and local government budgets in
order to avoid reductions in essential services
and counterproductive tax increases
25ARRA
- Transparency and Accountability
- Report on the use of funds, including the
following - Amount of funds received
- Detailed descriptions of projects for which
recovery funds were used - Estimated number of jobs created or retained
- Infrastructure investments made
- Targeted Funds
- Activities to improve the quality of infant and
toddler care - Expanded quality initiatives
- Additional funds
- 4 calculation
26CCDF and State Subsidy Programs
27Eligibility Rules
- Childs age
- Younger than 13
- Option Younger than age 19 and physically or
mentally incapable of self-care or under court
supervision - Family income
- At or below 85 percent of SMI
- Need for child care
- Work or training
- Protective services
- Priorities
- Children from families with very low incomes
- Children with special needs
28Eligibility Dilemma
- Too high Demand may exceed budget, causing
waiting lists or requiring changes in other
policies - Too low Working families hit the wall, may
cycle back to TANF
29State Eligibility Policies
- Income limits range from 34 to 85 of SMI
- The average is 60 of SMI
- 11 States have tiered eligibility (i.e.,
eligibility thresholds are dependent on income
levels) - In Florida, once determined eligible for services
at 150 of FPIG, families may remain eligible for
financial assistance up to 200 of FPIG
Source CCDF Plans for FY 2008-2009.
30Co-Pay Policies
- Sliding fee scale required States are required
to establish by rule a sliding fee scale that
provides for cost sharing by families - Based on income and family size The fee scale
must be based on income and the size of the
family and may be based on other factors as
appropriate - Affordable States must provide facts showing how
co-payments are affordable - Waivers States may waive fees (co-pays) from
families at or below FPIG
31Co-Pay Dilemma
- Too Low
- Is easier for families in the short run
- but
- Creates higher cost for the State
- and
- Creates a cliff effect for families
- and
- May change other policies to contain costs
- Too High
- Creates less cost to the State
- Reduces cliff effect
- but
- May be unaffordable for families (they may opt
out for cheaper care) - Other?
32State Co-Pay Policies
- 33 States and Territories Dollar amount (flat
fee) - 11 States Percentage of income, ranging from 0
to 25.5 - 12 States and Territories Percentage of cost of
care or of the maximum reimbursement rate - Other State choices
- 11 States and 4 Territories (27) waive fees for
all families with income below FPIG, and 37
States (66) waive fees for some families with
income below FPIG - 36 States and 3 Territories allow providers to
charge for the unsubsidized portion of providers
normal fees
Source CCDF Plans for FY 2008-2009
33Reimbursement Rates
- Equal access States must certify that provider
reimbursement rates are sufficient to ensure
subsidized families have equal access to child
care services that are comparable to those
provided to nonsubsidized families - Rate survey Rates must be based on a survey of
the market conducted within 2 years of the CCDF
Plan
34Reimbursement Dilemma
- Too High
- Costs may exceed available budget, leading to
waiting lists - May require changes in other policies
- Too Low
- Providers may refuse to serve subsidized families
because they are paid less than market rates - Low reimbursements may defeat efforts to improve
quality child care for children from low-income
families
35State Reimbursement Rate Policy
- 13 States and Territories Rate ceilings are at
75th percentile or higher for the current MRS - 44 States and Territories Tiered reimbursement
- 33 States and Territories Higher rate for
quality care - 31 States and Territories Higher rate for
serving children with special needs - 12 States Higher rate for nontraditional hours
and weekend care - 10 States Higher rate for infant and toddler
care - Limitations on in-home care
- 37 States and Territories Limit use in some way
- 27 States Require providers to receive at least
the minimum wage in accordance in the Fair Labor
Standards Act
Source CCDF Plans for FY 2008-2009
36Regulation and Licensing
- Access to the Full Range of Providers
37 Regulation and Licensing
- Compliance with applicable State and local
regulatory requirements - Child care providers who receive subsidy payments
must comply with State requirements - Health and safety requirements
- States must have in effect the following
requirements for all CCDF-funded providers,
except relatives - Immunization
- Building and physical premise safety
- Minimum health and safety training
38Provider Regulation Policies
- States have broad discretion in regulatory policy
- Key decision What types of facilities can be
exempt from licensing? - Key decision How to approach standards and
monitoring for nonlicensed care?
39Regulation and LicensingCenter-Based Care
- 27 States require all center-based providers paid
with CCDF funds to meet State licensing laws - States indicate the following requirements for
center-based providers that are not licensed - 7 States rely on local fire, building, and health
departments to inspect centers building and
physical premises safety and prevention and
control of infectious disease - 7 States require CPR/first aid training.
- 6 States require center providers to self-certify
compliance or complete checklists about
prevention and control of infectious disease,
building and physical premises safety, and health
and safety requirements
40Regulation and LicensingFamily Child Care
- 16 States require all family child care providers
to be licensed in order to receive child care
reimbursement - 35 States do not require family child care
providers to be licensed in order to receive
child care reimbursement - 21 of the 35 States require family child care
providers to self-certify compliance or complete
checklists regarding prevention and control of
infectious disease, building and physical
premises safety, and health and safety
requirements
41Regulation and Licensing In-Home Providers
- No State requires in-home providers to be
licensed - 29 States require in-home providers to
self-certify compliance or complete checklists
regarding prevention and control of infectious
disease, building and physical premises safety,
and health and safety requirements - 9 States require CPR/first aid training
- 9 States require verification of tuberculosis
tests - 3 States require physical exams or health
statements - 14 States require either orientation, preservice,
or annual training about health and safety
42Regulation and LicensingRelative Providers
- More than half of the States subject relative
care providers, grandparents, great grandparents,
aunts, uncles or siblings, to the same health and
safety requirements as center-based, group home,
family child care, and in-home care providers - 14 States subject some or all relative providers
to different health and safety requirements from
those required of center-based, group home,
family child care and in-home providers
43CCDF Management of Quality Programs
44Allowable Quality Activities
- Quality activities include, but are not limited
to (45 CFR 98.51) the following - Resource and referral
- Direct operations or financial assistance to
organizations - For development, establishment, expansion,
operation, and coordination of resource and
referral programs - Grants or loans to child care providers
- To meet applicable State, local, and Tribal child
care standards, including health and safety
requirements - For improving monitoring of compliance with, and
enforcement of, State, local, and Tribal
requirements - Improving monitoring of compliance with, and
enforcement of, State, local, and tribal
requirements
45Allowable Quality Activities, con.
- Quality Activities include, but are not limited
to (45 CFR 98.51) the following - Offering training and technical assistance, such
as training about the following - Health and safety
- Nutrition
- First aid
- Recognition of communicable diseases
- Child abuse detection and prevention
- Care of children with special needs
- Improving salaries and other compensation (fringe
benefits) for staff who provide child care
services - Implementing any other activities consistent with
the intent of improving the quality and
availability of care
46Targeted Funds
- CCDF funds are targeted for three specific
purposes - School-age care/resource and referral services
- Quality expansion
- Infant and toddler care
- These funds are in addition to the 4
47Earmarks Infant/Toddler
- 52 States and Territories offer specialized
training for providers caring for infants and
toddlers - 34 States and Territories provide technical
assistance services - 21 States and Territories use the Infant/Toddler
Environmental Rating Scale in their initiatives - 26 States and Territories provide financial
incentives such as stipends, scholarships,
bonuses, wage supplements, or higher
reimbursement rates - 21 States and Territories use infant/toddler
specialists or health consultants - 12 States provide train-the-trainer sessions
48Earmarks Resource and Referral and School-Age
Programs
- All States contract with public or private
entities to provide resource and referral
services for families served by CCDF as well as
for all other families - In all Territories, the CCDF Lead Agency provides
resource and referral services - 41 States and Territories provide school-age
practitioner training - 17 States provide technical assistance for
school-age programs - 15 States and Territories offer grants to improve
quality for school-age programs
49How States Are Spending Quality Funds
GAO Report indicates the types of expenditures by
States for quality improvement initiatives during
Fiscal Year 2000
The following indicates the types of expenditures
by States for quality improvement initiatives
during FY 2000
50How States Are Spending Quality Funds, con.
51How States are Spending Quality Funds, con.
52How States are Spending Quality Funds, con.
- Tiered strategy systems
- 36 States have implemented a tiered strategy
system - 20 States have implemented a tiered strategy
system with more than two levels - Four types of tiered strategy systems
- 1. Tiered reimbursement
- 2. Rated license
- 3. Quality rating system/quality rating and
improvement system (QRS/QRIS) - 4. Combination of strategies
53Quality Dilemmas
- How does your State do the following
- Balance subsidy and quality priorities?
- Prioritize quality initiatives?
- Make the case for quality initiatives?
54QRS/QRIS
- 18 States implemented statewide QRS/QRIS
- At least 25 States are exploring or designing a
QRS/QRIS - 33 States and Territories provide higher rates
for child care providers who achieve one or more
levels of quality beyond basic licensing
requirements
55ELGs
- States and Territories report different stages of
early learning guidelines (ELGs) development and
implementation
56ELGs, con.
- States and Territories are aligning preschool
ELGs with other State/Territory standards and
national standards
57ELGs, con.
- Many States and Territories report additional
domains in ELGs
58Professional Development Plans
- States and Territories report different stages of
professional development plan implementation
59CCDF Plan Materials
CCDF Plan resources are available on NCCICs Web
site at http//nccic.org/pubs/stateplan/stateplan-
intro.html
60State Early Care and Education Profiles
61CCDF Administration Resources
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