Elizabeth Hunter, Jason Hale, Sonny Kuo, Vince Truman,

1
History of Canada

• Elizabeth Hunter, Jason Hale, Sonny Kuo, Vince
  Truman,
• Averee Chang

2
Native American Settlement

• Before the Europeans came to the Canadian shores
  and take the land for themselves, there were
  already Native Americans populating the land. The
  Inuits were the first Canadians to live in Canada
  along the Pacific Coast and the Great Lakes.
  Their ancestors migrated to North America from
  Asia. In Canada, they were able to develop stable
  societies and adapt to many different
  environments. Many of the Inuits and other Native
  Americans were nomadic people, hunting and
  gathering food wherever they camped, then moving
  onto another location in search of food. The
  Inuits that lived in the harsh arctic climate
  hunted for seals, walruses, and sea otters. The
  Northwest Coast Indians though, stayed in one
  place and built houses using the abundant
  resources nearby.

3
First Contacts With Europeans

• The first Europeans to reach Canada were
  Vikings, but they were driven away. In 1497, John
  Cabot explored the coasts of Nova Scotia and
  Newfoundland. Cabot was trying to find a sea
  route to Asia. After his report of good fishing
  waters, fleets from France, Portugal, and England
  came to fish. In 1534, Jacques Cartier was
  looking for the northwest passage. He was also
  ordered to look for gold. After exploring the St.
  Lawrence River, he found no waterway that led him
  west.

4
European Exploration

• The first Europeans to explore North America
  were Vikings from Scandinavia around 1000. They
  were driven away and the next newcomers came 500
  years later. First was John Cabot in 1497, an
  Italian sailor for the English. He explored Nova
  Scotia and Newfoundland and discovered the Grand
  Banks fishing area. After this news, Europe sent
  fishing fleets to the Grand Banks frequently.
  Next came the French sailor Jacques Cartier in
  1534. Cartier explored the St. Lawrence River
  and named the region kanata, meaning
  settlement, in the Iroquois language.

5
Rivalry Between the French and English

• During the 1700s, there was an intense rivalry
  between France and Britain. Britain forced France
  in giving up their claims around the Hudson bay
  which was a rich fur-trading region. The British
  also grained Newfoundland and Acadia, a French
  settlement in present day nova Scotia and new
  Brunswick.

6
New France

• Samuel Champlain, a man who supplied furs to
  the French, was sent to build a colony of New
  France by the French. France was enemies with
  Indian Iroquois. The wars with the Iroquois
  risked the early French settlements and because
  of harsh weather and poor soil, not many French
  families wanted to move to the New France. New
  France grew slowly. In 1680, only 10,000
  colonists lived in scattered settlements along
  St. Lawrence in the New France. French farmers
  made a living out of the land. French priests and
  nuns organized schools, hospitals, churches, and
  helped to spread French culture on Canadian land
  so slowly, but surly New France was being
  created.

7
The French and Indian War

• The British and the French both wanted the fur
  trade. So the British attacked the French
  trading posts. The French fought back and it
  started the French and Indian War. It was the
  British and the Iroquois vs. the French and the
  Huron. The British captured Quebec in 1759 which
  destroyed Frances control of Canada. They
  signed the Treaty of Paris in 1763 with the
  British as victor.

8
British Rule and Canadian Rebellion

• In 1763, Britain ruled all of Canada and dived
  Canada into two provinces Lower Canada and Upper
  Canada. However, the two provinces united and
  rebelled against the British rule in 1837. The
  Upper Canadians, who were mostly British, were
  angry at the British government because they
  resented how a small group of people held all the
  power over their government government.

The Lower Canadians, who were mostly French, were
upset because British officials dominated all the
governmental positions of power. So, in 1840,
British Parliament passed Acts of Union, uniting
the two provinces and granted Canada the right to
some self-government in internal affairs in
1849.
9
Unification of Canada

• In the 1800s, Britain had 6 colonies in
  Canada, each with their elected assembly, but
• the officials appointed by Britain had the final
  authority. Two rebellions started because of the
  British control over Canadas government and
  economy. Lower and Upper Canada during that time
  were both angry at Britain for this and caused
  uprisings that convinced the British Parliament
  that they need to make changes. Lord Durham, sent
  by the British to study the Canadians
  grievances, said that Upper and Lower Canada
  should be united so that their elected assembly
  has greater power. As a result, Britain passed
  the Act of Union that created the United Province
  of Canada. Later Britain granted Canada the right
  to some self-government in internal affairs, but
  things like trade and other external issues were
  controlled by Britain still. As Canada expanded
  westward more, two Canadians, John Macdonald and
  George-Etienne Cartier convinced all the
  provinces of Canada to accept confederation. This
  came about when they realized that they needed a
  strong centralized government. So Britain passed
  the North America Act in 1867 that united
  Ontario, Quebec, Nova Scotia, and New Brunswick
  to create the Dominion of Canada. Later on,
  Prince Edward Island, Manitoba, Alberta,
  Saskatchewan, British Columbia, and Newfoundland
  made its way into the Union. The British finally
  gave up all their control over its foreign
  affairs in 1931.

10
Westward Expansion

• John MacDonald, Prime Minister of Canada,
  wanted to expand westward. He wanted to do this
  because he thought that settlers would produce
  products for export. This would help Canadas
  economy. His expansion plan threatened the
  Indians and Métis on the Great Plains. They were
  forced to give up their land. The Canadian
  government crushed the Métis when they rebelled
  and killed their leader. French-speaking
  Canadians thought he was killed because he was
  French and a Catholic.

11
Immigration

• A man whos name was John Macdonald, he wanted
  to connect the East and the West by building a
  transcontinental railroad. In 1885, the railroad
  was completed, connecting the Canadian nation
  from the Atlantic to the Pacific Ocean. This
  railroad system was a way of transportation for
  immigrants from many different places. The
  railroad would bring immigrants to the plains and
  provide food for them. Many different kinds of
  immigrants arrived in Canada, such as Germans,
  Poles, Scandinavians, Ukrainians, Italians and
  Russians. Chinese and Japanese immigrants also
  arrived. The Chinese came to Canada to help build
  the railroad and work in the mines and the
  Japanese came and settled along the west coast to
  fish and farm. All of the immigrants that arrived
  in Canada made Canada a country of many different
  ethnic groups.

12
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