Cellular Respiration

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Cellular Respiration

• Chapter 9

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Cellular Respiration

• Cellular Respiration is the process by which food
  is broken down to produce energy
• 6O2 C6H12O6 ? 6CO2 6H2O Energy

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Three Steps to Cellular Respiration

• Glycolysis
• Citric Acid Cycle (Krebs Cycle)
• Electron Transport Chain
• Figure 9-2

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Glycolysis
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Glycolysis

• Happens in the cytoplasm
• Does not require oxygen (anaerobic)
• Converts glucose to pyruvic acid
• Creates electron carrier NADH

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Energy in Glycolysis

• Energy used 2 ATP
• Energy produced 4 ATP
• 2 NADH
• Net ATP 2 ATP
• Figure 9-37

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Citric Acid Cycle
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Citric Acid Cycle

• Happens in the mitochondria
• Requires oxygen (aerobic)
• Pyruvic acid enters the cycle and is broken down
• Creates electron carriers NADH, FADH2
• CO2 leaves the cycle

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Energy in the Citric Acid Cycle

• Energy produced 4 NADH
• 1 FADH2
• 1 ATP
• Figure 9-6

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Electron Transport Chain
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Electron Transport Chain

• Happens in the mitochondria between the inner
  membrane and the matrix
• Requires oxygen (aerobic)

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Electron Transport Chain

• NADH and FADH2 donate their electrons
• Electrons flow down a series of proteins and are
  finally accepted by H
• H and O2 form a molecule of H2O
• The movement of the electrons creates a
  concentration gradient of H

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Electron Transport Chain

• ATP Synthase uses the energy from diffusion of H
  to power the synthesis of ATP
• Purpose of Electron Transport Chain Formation of
  ATP

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Energy in Electron Transport Chain

• Energy Used 2 NADH
• 1 FADH2
• Energy Produced 32 ATP
• Figure 9-7

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Electron Transport Chain
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Fermentation

• Fermentation releases energy from food molecules
  in the absence of oxygen
• What happens after glycolysis if no oxygen is
  present
• Anaerobic No oxygen required! No oxygen present!

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Fermentation

• Two major types of fermentation
• 1. Lactic Acid Fermentation
• 2. Alcoholic Fermentation

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Lactic Acid Fermentation

• Happens in the muscles
• Uses NADH produced in glycolysis to convert
  pyruvic acid to lactic acid
• Pyruvic acid NADH ? lactic acid NAD
• Figure 9-4

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Alcoholic Fermentation

• Happens in yeasts and other microorganisms
• Uses NADH to convert pyruvic acid to alcohol and
  CO2
• Pyruvic acid NADH ? alcohol CO2 NAD

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