LASER

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What does LASER stand for?
Light Amplification by the Stimulated Emission of
Radiation

• L Light
• A Amplification by the
• S Stimulated
• E Emission of
• R Radiation

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History

• Albert einstein 1917
• Theodore maiman 1960
• Ali javan 1961
• Endre mester 1960-70
• (LILT)

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Electron
Photon
Atom
Atom
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1Photon
Electron
Atom
Atom
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Photon
2 Photons
Atom
Atom
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Elements of Laser

• Active medium
• Pumping
• Oscillation

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Characteristics of laser

• Monochromaticity
• Collimation
• Coherence

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Laser classification

• Wave length (farIR,IR,visible,UV)
• Out put power (high,medium,low)
• Active medium (gas,liquid,solid,semiconductor)
• Operation(cw,pulse,superpulse)
• Application(educational,military,industry,medical)
  
• Safety (class1 - class 4)

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Kinds of laser

• Excimer UV knife
• Argon Ion Laser blue to green (Dermatology)
• He,Ne Laser Red( pain ,tissue healing
  ,acne)
• Crypton Ion Laser yellow-red ( Ophtalmology)
• Ruby Laser Red ( Ophtalmology )
• Dye Laser( Ophtalmology Lab)
• Semiconductor laser IR (PT for pain TP)
• Nd_YAG laser IR (PT OPHTALMOLOGY URO)
• Co2 laser IR surgery

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Low-Intensity Laser therapy(LILT)

• Low_out put lt500 mw ,lt35 j/cm²
• Athermal modality
• Soft or cold laser
• Biostim

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Laser-tissue interaction

• Photochemical effect
  Photoradiation
  Photoablation
• Thermal effect
  Photochemical or photoenzamatic 10-20
  photocoacolation 60 arg _crypton
  _co2 photovaporization 60-100 co2-
  NdYAG photocarbonization gt100 co2- NdYAG
• Ionizing effect

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Indication of Laser

• Pain syndroms
• Edema
• Healing
• Acupuncture
• Trigger point

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Contraindication of laser

• Active carcinoma
• Pregnant uterus
• Area of hemorrhage
• Overdosage on injured tissue gt8-9 J/cm²
• Eye gtClass IIIB

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Other safety

• Infected tissue
• CVD (vagus ganglion)
• Photosensitive area

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