Gaining from Migration

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Gaining from Migration

• Proposals for a New Mobility Management System
• RHODES
• 26-27 April 2007

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Objectives of the Gaining from Migration Project

• Better understand the new mobility system
• Identify policies to improve mobility management
• Enable integration
• Expand options for engaging sending countries
• Build a shared vision

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Gaining from Migration Key Outputs
Final Report (proposals for managing a new
mobility system)
Evaluative reviews what do we know about
Policy Briefs synthesising policy lessons
regarding

• Migration, employment, growth
• Challenges for integration
• Diaspora networks
• Migration and development

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Inputs into the Policy Process
Jan 06 1st Experts Meeting
Jul 06 2nd Experts Meeting
Mar 07 3rd Experts Meeting
July 07 Global Forum on Migration and Development
March 07 Haut Conseil de Coopération
Internationale
May 07 World Bank Conference
April 07 Euro-Mediterranean Conference
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Gaining from Migration Steering Committee

• EU
• Xavier Prats Monné , Director, DG Employment, EC
• (Antonis Kastrissianakis, former Director, DG
  Employment, EC)
• Costantinos Fotakis, DG Employment, EC
• (Germana Ricciardi, DG Employment, EC)

• OECD
• Louka T. Katseli,
• Director, Development Centre, OECD
• John Martin,
• Director, Directorate of Employment, Labour and
  Social Affairs, OECD

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Gaining from Migration Core Project Team

• Louka T. Katseli (OECD Development Centre),
  Scientific Director
• Demetris Papademetriou (President, Migration
  Policy Institute)
• Jeff Dayton-Johnson (OECD Development Centre)
• Gregory Maniatis (Senior European Fellow,
  Migration Policy Institute)
• Rainer Münz (Head Research Development, Erste
  Bank)
• Theodora Xenogiani (OECD Development Centre)

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Advisory Board

• Global Commission on International Migration
• International and Multilateral Organisations and
  Bodies International Labour Organisation
  European Parliament The World Bank
  International Organisation for Migration
• Public Sector Agence Française de Développement
  High Commissioner for Immigration and Ethnic
  Minorities, Portugal Hellenic Migration Policy
  Institute
• Civil society, the Private Sector AXA France
  Chamber of Commerce and Industry, India
  Immigrant Council of Ireland
• Universities Universidad Complutense, Spain
  University College of Cork, Ireland

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Jobs and Confidence

• Jobs Migrants, their home countries, and EU
  countries all benefit if migrants and native
  workers are employed in jobs suited to their
  skills
• Confidence In rebuilding the mobility system,
  Member States must also rebuild public confidence
  in international migration and the emerging
  mobility system

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Topics for the Experts Meeting

• New Migration Thinking for a New Century
• Labour-Market and Visa Policies for an Age of
  Mobility
• Enabling Integration
• Partnerships for Mobility Management and
  Development
• Encouraging Diaspora Networks

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One Europe?
Geography, history and politics matter

• Geography, history and politics matter
• Historical and language ties
• e.g. France, Benelux, Morocco, Algeria,
• Spain, UK, India, Pakistan,
• Portugal, Ireland Turkey
• Geographic proximity
• e.g. Italy, Greece, Albania, Turkey,
• Germany, Austria Serb-Mont, Morocco
• Humanitarian considerations
• e.g. Denmark, Finland, Iraq, Serb-Mont, B-H,
• Sweden Iran

Source Katseli et al (2006)
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Migration Flows in Europe
Source Muenz, Straubhaar, Vadean and Vadean
(2006)
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Share of people born in a country outside EU-27,
2005
Source European LFS, Eurostat
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Where do EU-15 migrants come from?
Source OECD Database on Expatriates and
Immigrants, 2004
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Recent changes in sending and receiving countries

• Sharp increase of immigration in Spain, Italy and
  the UK
• New sending countries
• Ukraine
• China
• Russian Federation
• Latin America

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Europe attracts fewer highly educated migrants
Source OECD Database on Expatriates and
Immigrants, 2004
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Less-educated migrants dont come from the
poorest countries
Source Data from OECD Database on Expatriates
and Immigrants, 2004 WDI authors analysis.
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Percent of Tertiary Educated Population in OECD
Countries
Source OECD Database on Expatriates and
Immigrants, 2004
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Highly-Educated Migrants from Eastern and Central
Europe
Red N America Green EU 15 Blue other Europe
Yellow Other
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Estimates of the Irregular Migrant Stock
Subsequent regularisations not accounted for
in these estimates.
Source OECD 2005.
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Major developing country diasporas in the EU
Foreign-born or foreign () populations Source
OECD International Migration Outlook 2006.
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Reported Remittances Sent per Migrant (2000)
Source IMF Balance of Payments Statistics and UN
Trends in Migrant Stock.
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New Thinking Benefits for All

• Goals of key stakeholders not necessarily at odds
• Gradual devolution of immigrant selection to
  employers, traffickers and migrants
• From devolved selection to an orderly, smart,
  flexibly regulated flow of legal migrants

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Whats Old, Whats New, and Where We Need to Go

• Dysfunctional dichotomies
• Permanent vs. temporary migrants
• Economic vs. family-based migrants
• High vs. low skilled migrants
• Sending vs. receiving countries

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Old and New Ways of Thinking and Acting on
Migration

• THE OLD
• Wary of temporary mobility
• Protects domestic labour markets
• Ignores migrants human capital
• Extends full benefits of social welfare

• THE NEW
• Recruits workers that fill real needs
• Provides early access to work
• Reforms educational and training systems
• Experiments with new forms of social benefits

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The Age of Mobility

• New tools (communication, monitoring,
  enforcement, reform)
• New relationships between public and
  non-governmental sectors
• New mechanisms for coherent policy making --
  within and between Member States

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Prerequisites for the New Mobility System

• Recapturing control of public perception of the
  migration system
• Addressing the admission/integration nexus
• The levels of governance issue who should do
  what?
• Build effective partnerships with sending
  countries and diaspora networks

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(1) Labour Market and Visa Policies for an Age of
Mobility

• Develop an Integrated Migration Monitoring System
• Facilitate temporary and circular migration (e.g.
  multi-year visas)
• Enable effective free movement within the
  European Union
• Create opportunities for permanent residence and
  citizenship
• Rethink Mode 4 to organise the market

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(2) Enabling Integration

• Provide fair, equal and early access to labour
  markets
• Support education, language and adult learning
• Explore innovative models of citizenship, civic
  participation and EU multicultural citizenship

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(3) Partnerships for Mobility Management and
Development

• Look at migration policies through a development
  lens
• Integrate international migration into
  development strategies
• Overhaul the organisation of migration management
• Make policies more coherent for more effective
  management

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(4) Encouraging Diaspora Networks

• Provide substantial funding to support migrant
  organisations and networks
• Incorporate migrant organisations into the policy
  making process
• Deepen co-development

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For more info www.oecd.org/dev/migration
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Thank you for your attention!??????S?O !