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The Millennial Generation: The Next Generation in College Enrollment

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Title: The Millennial Generation: The Next Generation in College Enrollment


1
The Millennial GenerationThe Next Generation in
College Enrollment
  • Presented to the Texas Association of College
    Technical Educators April 1, 2005
  • Terri Manning
  • Bobbie Fields
  • Cheryl Roberts

A Study Funded by the Workforce Development
Board

2
It May Take a Village to Raise a Child, but it
Takes a Society to Raise a Generation
  • Economic Conditions
  • Societal Norms
  • Political Events
  • Major Crises

3
Each Generation
  • Consists of approximately a 20-year span (not all
    demographers and generation researchers agree on
    the exact start/stop dates)
  • Has a unique set of values
  • Reacts to the generation before them
  • Looks at their generation as the standard of
    comparison
  • Looks at the next generation skeptically these
    kids today
  • Those born on the cusp may have a blended set
    of characteristics
  • They are either idealistic, reactive, civic or
    adaptive

4
Two Responses to This Research
  • The Millennials are spoiled rotten brats whose
    parents have given them everything.
  • This generation is extremely talented and will
    bring technology and teamwork skills to the
    workforce.

5
The Veterans (also known as the Silent Generation
or the Greatest Generation) 19221943 (adaptive)
Core Values Dedication Hard Work Conformity La
w and Order Patience Delayed Reward Duty before
Pleasure
Adherence to Rules Honor
6
The Veterans
  • Children of the Great Depression and WWII, this
    generation decided not to attack the institutions
    created by the generation before them, but
    instead, as global thinkers, they chose to focus
    on improving and refining them so that they could
    be good for everyone, not just a select few.
  • The overall goal was not to change the system,
    but to work within it.
  • While economically very successful, they were
    also the inventors of "the midlife crises"
    probably because they didn't get a chance to
    enjoy the freedoms of their youth.
  • As philanthropists, they are the largest
    generation of donors.

7
The Veterans
  • Important Events
  • Lindbergh Completes First Transatlantic Flight
  • Stock Market Crash
  • Depression
  • The New Deal
  • Social Security
  • Pearl Harbor
  • The End of WWII
  • FDR Dies
  • Korean War

8
Cultural Memorabilia for the GIs
  • Kewpie Dolls
  • Mickey Mouse
  • Flash Gordon
  • Radio
  • Wheaties
  • Tarzan
  • Jukeboxes
  • Blondie
  • The Lone Ranger
  • The McCarthy Era

9
The Veteran Generation Childhood
  • Raised by the GI Generation (civic)
  • Large families (3-5 children)
  • Strong sense of extended family (same town or
    home)
  • Grandparents in the home
  • Average 10-year-old spent 4-6 hours daily with a
    significant adult role model
  • Rural society
  • Apprenticeship businesses and farming
  • Perception of the world as safe

10
The Baby Boomers 19431964 (the largest
generation, idealist)
Core Values Optimism Team Orientation Personal
Gratification Health and Wellness Personal Growt
h
Youth Work Involvement
11
The Boomers
  • This is a generation of "visions and values."
  • They are all about individualism.
  • They don't need any help, especially not from
    institutions. Basically stated, no phase in life
    means anything until it is experienced by a
    Boomer.
  • Prior to turning 30, this generation said "you
    can't trust anyone over 30." But as adults, they
    now want to police the behavior of all those
    under 30.
  • For this generation, all public policy has been
    one of values and culture. While weak in
    politics, they are dominant in culture.
  • Philanthropically, you should respect their
    individualism and focus on civic participation.

12
Baby Boomers
  • Important Events
  • Rosa Parks
  • First Nuclear Power Plant
  • The Civil Rights Act
  • Cuban Missile Crisis
  • John Glen Orbits the Earth
  • Martin Luther King Leads March on Washington,
    D.C.
  • President John F. Kennedy Assassination
  • National Organization for Women Founded
  • Martin Luther King Assassination
  • Robert F. Kennedy Assassination
  • Watergate
  • Kent State Massacre
  • Vietnam War

13
Cultural Memorabilia for Baby Boomers
  • Television
  • The Ed Sullivan Show
  • Barbie Dolls
  • Fallout Shelters
  • Poodle Skirts
  • Pop Beads
  • Slinkies
  • TV Dinners
  • Hula Hoops
  • The Peace Sign
  • Laugh In

14
The Baby Boomer Childhood
  • Divorce reached a low in 1960 of 9
  • Families moved due to GI Bill, GI housing and
    industrialization
  • First generation to live miles from extended
    family
  • Family size smaller (2-3 children)
  • Few grandparents in the home
  • Moms stayed home
  • Dads carpooled
  • Children spent significant time with adult role
    models
  • Perception of the world as safe

15
Baby-boomer Results
  • Banned together and walked through life with
    their fists held high
  • Generation gap occurred between them and their
    parents
  • Captured phrases like why be normal and
    question authority
  • They werent friendly toward authority figures
  • Did not get along with their parents and swore
    they would not raise their kids like they were
    raised
  • Work an average of 55 hours per week as adults

16
The Gen Xers 19651982
A Lost Generation A Nomadic Generation..
Half the Size of the Baby Boom (reactive)
Core Values Dedication Hard Work Conformity
Law and Order Patience Delayed reward Duty befo
re pleasure Adherence to rules Honor
17
Gen X
  • Important Events
  • Womens Liberation Protests
  • Watergate Scandal
  • Energy Crisis begins
  • Tandy and Apple Market PCs
  • Mass Suicide in Jonestown
  • Three Mile Island
  • US Corporations begin Massive Layoffs
  • Iran Hostage Crisis
  • John Lennon Shot and Killed
  • Ronald Reagan Inaugurated
  • Challenger Disaster
  • Exxon Valdez Oil Tanker Spill

18
Generation X
  • This is the conscientious, extremely pragmatic,
    self-sufficient generation that has a ruthless
    focus on the bottom-line.
  • Born and raised at a time when children were at
    the bottom of our social priorities, Gen Xers
    learned that they could only count on one thing -
    themselves. As a result, they are very "me"
    oriented.
  • They are not active voters, nor are they deeply
    involved in politics in general.
  • Philanthropically, they focus on practicality and
    locality.
  • This generation is not inclined to give to an
    institution who will do the work for them, rather
    they want something hands on they want to be
    intimately involved in the charitable endeavor.
    Do not ask this generation to give to United Way.
    This is the generation of habitat for humanity.

19
Cultural Memorabilia for Gen X
  • The Brady Bunch
  • Pet Rocks
  • Platform Shoes
  • The Simpsons
  • Evening Soaps (Dallas and Dynasty)
  • ET
  • Cabbage Patch Dolls
  • Super-hero Cartoons on TV (He-man)

20
The Gen X Childhood
  • Divorce reached an all-time high
  • Single-parent families became the norm
  • Latch-key kids were a major issue of the time
  • Children not as valued looked at as a hardship
  • Families spread out (miles apart)
  • Family size 1.7 children (many only-children)
  • Perception of the world as unsafe
  • Average 10 year old spent 14 ½ minutes a day with
    a significant adult role model

21
Generation Next (civic)
22
The Echo Boom/Millennials
  • The Millennials are almost as large as the baby
    boom-some say larger - depending on how you
    measure them.
  • The Millennials are the children born between
    1982 and 2002 (peaked in 1990), a cohort called
    by various names

Echo Boom
Generation Y
Net Generation
Millennials
23
Millennials What Are the Defining Moments?
  • Columbine Massacre
  • War in Kosovo
  • Oklahoma City Bombing
  • Princess Dianas Death
  • Clinton Impeachment Trial
  • OJ Simpson Trial
  • Rodney King Riots
  • Lewinsky Scandal
  • Fall of Berlin Wall
  • McGuire-Sosa Homerun Derby
  • 9/11

24
Millennials
  • This generation is civic-minded, much like the
    previous GI Generation.
  • They are collectively optimistic, long-term
    planners, high achievers with lower rates of
    violent crime, teen pregnancy, smoking and
    alcohol use than ever before.
  • This generation believes that they have the
    potential to be great and they probably do. We
    are looking to them to provide us with a new
    definition of citizenship.
  • While still very young, philanthropically this is
    a very meaningful generation. We anticipate that
    they will be very important and very active in
    fund-raising and charitable endeavors.

25
Demographic Trends
  • The Baby Boomers chose to become older parents in
    the 1980s while Gen X moms reverted back to the
    earlier birth-age norm, which meant that two
    generations were having babies.
  • In 1989, 29 percent of the 4.4 million live
    births were to women aged 30 and older.
  • Millennials have older largely Baby Boomer
    parents Average age of mothers at birth at an
    all time high of 27 in 1997.

26
Demographic Trends, cont.
  • Smaller families Only children will comprise
    about 10 of the population.
  • More parental education 1 in 4 has at least one
    parent with a college degree.
  • Kids born in the late 90s are the first in
    American history whose mothers are better
    educated than their fathers by a small margin.

27
Demographic Trends Changing Diversity
  • Increase in Latino immigration - Latino women
    tend to have a higher fertility rates than
    non-Latino women.
  • Nearly 35 of Millennials are nonwhite or
    Latino.
  • Twenty percent of this generation has at least
    one parent who is an immigrant.
  • Millennials have become the most racially and
    ethnically diverse generation in US History.

28
Boomer (84M) and Millennial Births (81M)
29
Baby Boomers as Parents
  • Boomers rebelled against the parenting practices
    of their parents.
  • They made conscious decisions
    not to say because I told you
    so or because Im the
    parent and youre
    the child.
  • Strict discipline was the order
    of the day for boomers.
  • Boomers became friends with
    their children.
  • They explained things to their
    children, (actions, consequences,
    options, etc.) they wanted them
    to learn to make
    informed decisions.

30
The Result
  • Millennials have become a
    master set of negotiators who
    are capable of rational
    thought and decision-making
    skills at young ages (computer games).
  • They will negotiate with anyone including their
    teachers.
  • Some call this arguing.

31
CPCC Sociology Instructor
  • More and more students challenge me and the
    material. They either see it as opinion, and
    nothing else, or they see it as propaganda.

32
Focus on Self-esteem
  • This generation was the center of the
    self-esteem movement.
  • 9,068 books were written about self-esteem and
    children during the 80s and 90s (there were 485
    in the 70s).
  • The state of California spent millions studying
    the construct and published a document entitled
    Toward a State of Self-esteem.
  • Yet they cant escape the angst of adolescence
    they still feel disconnected, question their
    existence, purpose and the meaning of life. They
    want to feel valued and cared about.

33
Baby Boomer Parents have been their Biggest
Cheerleaders
  • Millennials expect and need praise.
  • Will mistake silence for disapproval.
  • Millennials expect feedback.

34
Safety Issues
  • The Safest Generation
  • This generation was buckled up
    in car seats, wore bike helmets,
    elbow and knee pads when
    skating, and were the inspiration for Baby on
    Board signs.
  • The Well-Being of U.S. Teens
  • Mortality Rate for US teens aged 1519 declined
    from 1960 to 1997.
  • -Teens are having fewer accidents than Boomers

35
Parental Care in the Millennial Era
  • Todays typical family is spending more, not
    less, time with kids.
  • Smaller families mean more
    time with each child.
  • Fathers are spending more
    time with children.
  • Less housework is being done.
  • There is a strong connection between the social
    lives of parents and kids.
  • They get along with their parents and share their
    parents values.

36
Millennials Want to Learn
  • With technology
  • With each other
  • Online
  • In their time
  • In their place
  • Doing things that matter (most important)

Source Achievement and the 21st Century Learner.
37
In School
  • They need to understand why
    they are doing what they are
    doing objectives of classroom
    activities and projects.
  • They want to have input into
    their educational processes.
  • They want to be involved in meaningful
    activities, not mundane work.
  • They think it is cool to be smart.
  • They will respond well to programs like learning
    communities and service learning.

38
Millennials have High Expectations
  • They are likely to appreciate clear expectations,
    explicit syllabi, and well structured
    assignments.
  • They expect detailed instructions and guidelines
    for completing assignments.
  • They want to know what will be covered on tests
    and what exactly must be done to earn an A.
  • Because of their high expectations of themselves,
    students may become demoralized by earning a B or
    C in college.

39
Technology
  • This generation has been plugged in since they
    were babies and have basically be taught by
    computers.
  • They grew up with educational software and
    computer games.
  • They think technology should be free.
  • They want and expect services 24/7.
  • They do not live in an 85 world.
  • They all have cell phones and expect
    to be in contact 24/7.
  • They function in an international world.
  • Communication, suggestions, feedback - positive
    and negative - need to travel in both directions
    for Millennials.

40
Technology In School
  • Students are increasingly savvy when it comes to
    technology.
  • Not all students will be proficient
    first-generation and students from working class
    families may have less experience.
  • In general, students expect faculty to
    incorporate technology into their teaching and be
    proficient at it.
  • At the very least, communication via e-mail,
    access to online resources, PowerPoint
    presentations, Internet activities, discussion
    boards and electronic classrooms are expected.
  • Faculty will need to balance the use of
    technology with their own philosophies of
    teaching.

41
Satisfaction with Online Courses
42
The Information Age Mindset
  • Students have never known life without the
    computer. It is an assumed part of life.
  • The Internet is a source of research,
    interactivity, and socializing (they prefer it
    over TV).
  • Doing is more important than knowing.
  • Learning more closely resembles Nintendo, a trial
    and error approach to solving problems.
  • Staying connected is essential.
  • There is zero tolerance for delays.
  • The infrastructure and the lecture tradition of
    colleges may not meet the expectations of
    students raised on the Internet and interactive
    games.

43
Technology Use
  • Children under 6 years
  • 48 have used a computer
  • 27 (4-6 year-olds) use a computer daily
  • 39 use a computer several times a week
  • 30 have played computer games
  • Teens
  • 100 use the internet to seek information
  • 94 use the internet for school research
  • 41 use email and IM to contact teachers and
    schoolmates about school work
  • 81 email friends and relatives
  • 70 use IM to keep in touch
  • 56 prefer the internet to the telephone

44
By age 21..
  • It is estimated that the average child will
    have
  • Spent 10,000 hours playing video games
  • Sent 200,000 emails
  • Spent 20,000 hours watching TV
  • Spent 10,000 hours on their cell phone
  • Spent under 5,000 hours reading

45
Attitudes ..
46
Issues for Colleges and Universities in an
Information Age
  • Plagiarism (consumer/creator blurring)
  • Cheating (must define it)
  • Cell Phone Policies
  • Typing vs. Handwriting

From The Information Age Mindset Changes in
Students and Implications for Higher Education.
By Jason L. Frand. Educause. Sep/Oct 2000.
47
How are Millennials doing in school?
  • Teachers report that students are doing better
    academically.
  • The largest gains have been in math and science
    for ages 9 and 13.
  • Verbal skills show less clear
  • trends.
  • Millennials have corrected a late 80s decline in
    writing proficiency.
  • Reading scores show modest gains
    through the 90s.

48
SAT Scores a Twenty Year Reversal
Millennials Taking SAT
Highest SAT Scores in 35 Years
49
College Full-time Enrollments in Millions
First Millennial College Graduates Spring 2004
--- Peak Enrollment 2010. Of the 5.8 million in c
ollege in 2010, 56 will be women.
50
Ambitions
  • Most popular college majors
  • Medicine
  • Education/teaching
  • Business and marketing
  • Engineering
  • Law and politics
  • Computer science
  • Most sought after qualities in careers
  • Idealistic and committed co-workers
  • Responsibility
  • Independence
  • Creativity
  • Most common job trends
  • Seek security benefits
  • Stay with company that offers a challenge
  • Multi-taskers
  • Change Careers

Source Industry Week, March, 1998.
51
Difference in Values
  • They have witnessed their baby boomer parents
    coming home from stressed jobs, exhausted,
    falling asleep at the dinner table and dont
    want that for themselves.
  • They are a generation who is interested in a life
    with value and meaning they do not aspire to
    what the boomers aspire to they want
    something different.

52
True Multi-taskers
  • Millennials have lived programmed
    lives and are already quite
    capable of
    learning several jobs
    simultaneously and performing
    them
    admirably.
  • Millennials will change careers
    many times.
  • Retooling and recycling their
    skills and talents
    will become
    common.
  • To retain them, smart employers
    will encourage Millennials to
    try out different careers within the same company.

53
Need for Services
  • It is estimated that 3 million Millennials have
    been diagnosed with ADHD and have been medication
    (80 are boys).
  • It is estimated that anywhere from 65,000 to
    650,000 college students have ADHD.
  • Within college students, the number with
    disabilities has jumped from 3 to 9.
  • Many have had individual education plans.
  • Many need testing services (quiet, separate).
  • Need to self-advocate to teachers.
  • Major transition from high school to college.

54
Orienting Millennials
  • It needs to be communicated to them how their
    work fits into the future scheme of the company.
  • Training Millennials with their multitasking
    skills and technological savvy will push training
    to new levels of technology.
  • Millennials will respond well to experiential
    learning where they are allowed to come up with
    their own solutions.

55
Work Atmosphere
  • With the right kind of challenge,
    opportunity, security and benefits
    package, Millennials are likely to
    stay with the company.
  • Successful employers will have to find ways to
    offer flexible scheduling.

56
Work Atmosphere, cont.
  • Millennials expect to work and have fun at the
    same timethey expect work to be fun.
  • Employers need to instill a sense
    of fun in the work atmosphere
    create community. It
    helps morale
    and helps employees get to know
    each other better.
  • Millennials will create a new culture of work,
    characterized by more independence in the work
    force. Many of them will become entrepreneurs.

57
2004 Research Study
  • Central Piedmont Community Colleges Center for
    Applied Research was contracted to do this study
    by the Workforce Development Board.
  • Focus Groups were conducted.
  • An Online Survey was administered.
  • Data collected JanuaryMarch 2004 from UNCC, CPCC
    and JCSU.

58
UNC Charlotte a midsized state university
  • Based on Fall 2003 Enrollment
  • Of UNC Charlottes 19,605 students, 10,470 were
    Millennials (53.4).
  • 55 Female, 45 Male.
  • Surveys were completed by 739 Millennials from
    UNC Charlotte (7).

59
CPCC a large urban community college
  • Based on Fall 2003 Enrollment
  • Of CPCCs 16,172 students - 7,416 were
    Millennials (45.9).
  • 57.4 Female, 42.6 Male.
  • Surveys were completed by 410 Millennials from
    Central Piedmont Community College (5.5).

60
JCSU an urban, historically black institution
  • Based on Fall 2003 Enrollment
  • Of JCSUs 1,474 students, 1401 were Millennials
    (95).
  • 60 Female, 40 Male.
  • Surveys were completed by 129 Millennials from
    JCSU (11).

61
What do you look for in FacultyMillennials
(three populations)
  • Percent Who Agree

62
This Validates the Research
  • The research says they want
  • To be trusted and respected
  • Teachers to act as helpers
  • Opportunities to be responsible
  • Freedom, not license
  • A place where people care
  • Teachers who help them succeed
  • To have choices

63
Working in Teams
  • How do you feel about working in teams?

64
Working in Teams
  • In the classroom, do you do the following?
    1never 3sometimes
  • 2rarely 4often UNCC JCSU CPCC

  • Are given team grades on
    working with
    others 2.56 2.24 2.84
  • Write papers/do projects with
    others 2.36 2.06 2.61
  • Study/do research in teams 2.34 1.97 2.49

65
Comparing Yourself to People Your Parents Age..
  • When your generation is your parents age, will
    you take more (3), about the same (2) or less
    interest (1) in UNCC JCSU CPCC
  • New Technology? 2.65 2.56 2.65
  • Voting and Government? 2.27 2.50 2.28
  • Reading and the Arts? 2.14 2.33 2.20

66
What Will You Do
After Graduating?
67
Career Field
  • How likely do you think it is that your first job
    out of college will be in your career field?

68
Salary Expectations
  • Realistically, what do you expect your starting
    salary will be when you begin working?

In all three groups, 60-65 felt they would earn
40K or less
69
Importance of Career Components
  • How important are the following components to
    your career?
  • 1 not important
  • 2 somewhat important 3 very important

70
Importance of Career Components
  • How important are the following components to
    your career?
  • 1 not important
  • 2 somewhat important 3 very important

71
Importance of Career Components
  • How important are the following components to
    your career?
  • 1 not important
  • 2 somewhat important
  • 3 very important


72
Importance of Job Benefits
  • How important are the following benefits?
  • 1 not important
  • 2 somewhat important 3 very
    important

73
Jobs in Lifetime
  • How many jobs do you
    think you will hold in your
    lifetime?


74
Worry
  • How much do you worry about
  • 1not at all
  • 2occasionally
  • 3frequently

75
Worry
  • How much do you worry about
  • 1not at all
  • 2occasionally
  • 3frequently


76
Future Odds
  • How likely is it that someday you will

Indicating Somewhat or Very Likely
  • How important will a two-income household be in
    reaching your
  • lifestyle goals?

77
Quality of Life?
  • Rank order of items that contribute to a good
    quality of life

( ranking item in top 3 on a scale of 1-8)
78
What Kind of Community do You Intend to Live?
79
Your Generation in the Future
  • Someday your generation will be raising kids,
    running corporations and occupying high political
    office. When that day comes, which areas of
    American life will be better, the same or worse
    than today because of your generation?
  • 3better
  • 2same
  • 1worse

80
Will be better, the same or worse than today
because of your generation?
  • 3better
  • 2same
  • 1worse

81
Will be better, the same or worse than today
because of your generation?
3better 2same 1worse
82
Second Part of the StudyFeedback from
Employers
83
We discovered most employers knew nothing about
the millennial generation and their
characteristics.We went to companies and social
organizations and presented this study.We asked
them some open-ended questions.Then asked one
person from each business to fill out a survey
for us.These are the results..
84
Types of Companies
  • Type
  • For profit (14)
  • Public (4)
  • Not for profit (5)
  • Private (11)
  • Size
  • 51-100 employees (2)
  • 101-500 employees (2)
  • More than 500 employees (3)

85
How is Your Organization Doing Now With
Characteristics of the Millennials
86
On What is Scheduling Based?
87
The Organization is Open to the Following Issues
of Diversity
88
The Organization is Attempting to Recruit and
Retain Employees by
89
Greatest Challenges Millennials Will Face in the
Workforce
  • Patience with the time it takes most things to
    happen.
  • Lack of work ethic (as long as the baby boomers
    get to define it).
  • Understanding their relative unimportance to the
    big picture of a business.
  • Developing true skills while changing jobs
    often.
  • Becoming discouraged with the aging workforce
    still needing to work.

90
Greatest Challenges Millennials Will Face in the
Workforce
  • Working more hours than they want to and being
    forced into an 8 5 world.
  • The low level of technology in many businesses.
  • How poorly professional development
    is done in most businesses.
  • Staying challenged.
  • Many organizations dont
    want to be forward thinking
    and wont
    value that characteristic.
  • How rigid many institutions are
    no telecommuting, job
    sharing etc. doing what we
    have always done.

91
Findings
  • Millennials like working in teams but are not
    given a lot of opportunity to do so.
  • Their job expectations immediately out of college
    are not as high as previous generations.
  • They expect to have 46 jobs in their lifetime.
  • They expect to someday acquire the lifestyle they
    grew up with.
  • They expect to have a 2-income family.

92
Findings
  • Security and time for family are the two most
    important quality of life variables.
  • They are headed for some disappointment in the
    workforce.
  • Businesses are not prepared for them.
  • Multiple generations in the workforce pose unique
    challenges.

93
For a copy http//www.cpcc.edu/planning
Title TACTE Millennial Presentation
Contact us terri.manning_at_cpcc.edu
bobbie.fields_at_cpcc.edu cheryl.roberts_at_cpcc.ed
u
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