Nuclear Medicine

1
Nuclear Medicine

• Radiation is most damaging to fast growing cells
  such as cancer cells
• Radioisotopes can be used to trace flow of
  elements through body
• Example Iodine-131 and thyroid

2
HW 4

• Ch4 2, 3, 7,11, 17, 23, 27, 29, 33, 39, 45, 49,
  52, 59
• Due Friday, Oct. 3

3
E mc2

• Mass can be converted into energy
• Nuclear fission
• Chain reaction
• Atomic bomb - nuclear chain reaction

4
Isotope Enrichment

• U-238 does not undergo fission
• U-235 does
• UF6 enrichment

5
Plutonium

• Obtaining U-235 or Pu-239 is the hard part of
  making atomic bomb
• Major terrorist concern

6
Atomic Bomb

• Implosion device plutonium
• Gun design uranium
• http//www.hcc.mnscu.edu/programs/dept/chem/abomb/
  page_id_35738.html

7
Bomb Fallout

• Uranium can split in many ways
• Dangerous fallout products
• Strontium-90 (through milk and vegetables)
• Iodine-131 (thyroid)
• Cesium-132 (like potassium)

8
Background Radiation

• Most Radiation comes from natural sources
• Key issue radiation dose

9
Radiation Damage

• Radiation breaks chemical bonds in living
  organisms
• Changes to hereditary DNA (could be permanent)
• Mutations
• Evolution driven by radiation?

10
Nuclear Binding Energy

• Combine two protons and two neutrons into helium
  nucleus
• Nucleus weighs less than four particles
• Difference due to binding energy Emc2
• Nucleus more stable than four particles
• Higher binding energy more stability

11
Hydrogen Bomb

• Same power source as sun fusion