A Scrapbook of Earths History MINERALS

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A Scrapbook of Earths HistoryMINERALS
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What is a mineral?
Read pages 66-67 to find out
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What is a mineral?
You can ask 4 questions to tell if an object is
a mineral!
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What is a mineral?

• Is it INORGANIC?
• A mineral is NOT made of living things.
• 2) Is it a SOLID?
• All minerals are solid.
• 3) Is it FORMED IN NATURE?
• Crystals made by people are NOT minerals.
• 4) Does it have a CRYSTALLINE STRUCTURE?
• Minerals are crystals. They are created with a
  repeating pattern.

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How are minerals VERY different than
rocks?

• Minerals are not made of anything else but
  elements and compounds.
• Rocks are a mixture of minerals and organic
  matter (living stuff)

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Lets practice. Please put your pencil down.
Is oxygen a mineral?

• Is it INORGANIC?
• YES!
• 2) Is it a SOLID?
• NO!
• 3) Does it have a CRYSTALLINE STRUCTURE?
• NO!
• 4) Is it FORMED IN NATURE?
• YES!

NO!
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What is a CRYSTALLINE STRUCTURE?
Its when a solids molecules are arranged in a
definite pattern (never a different pattern)
Look at Figure 3
Hexagonal
Cubic
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Lets make crystalline structures of various
minerals
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Really cool MINERAL website!
Classzone MINERALS
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Can you circle the minerals below?
Use the 4 questions
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Lets practice. Please put your pencil down.
Is sugar a mineral?

• Is it INORGANIC?
• NO!
• 2) Is it a SOLID?
• YES!
• 3) Does it have a CRYSTALLINE STRUCTURE?
• NO!
• 4) Is it FORMED IN NATURE?
• YES!

NO!
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So, how do minerals form?
Watch this video to find out!
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So, how do minerals form?

• Hot water travels through many places in Earths
  crust - beneath volcanoes and hot springs, for
  example.

• This water carries dissolved minerals - just like
  a chemical soup.

• The "soup" deposits minerals as it cools, forming
  mineral veins in cracks and rock cavities.

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Where do minerals form?

• In _ _ _ _ _ s
• _ r _ _ _

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Who determines if an object is a mineral?
A mineralogist TESTS objects to determine if they
are minerals.
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Lets see how minerals are tested
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COLOR
The same mineral can come in a variety of colors
due to impurities (air/stuff in water)
QUARTZ
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LUSTER

• The way a surface reflects light
• Metallic
• Submetallic
• Nonmetallic

Describe each minerals luster.
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STREAK
The color of a minerals powder when rubbed
against porcelain. Streak doesnt always match
the minerals color!
Use the mineral identification of page 800-801 to
determine which mineral below is GOLD and which
is PYRITE.
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CLEAVAGE FRACTURE
Cleavage break along smooth, flat
surfaces Fracture break along curved or jagged
surfaces
Which minerals have fracture/cleavage?
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HARDNESS
A minerals resistance to being scratched
Look at the Mohs Hardness Scale in Figure 5
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DENSITY
How much matter that is in a given space
If these minerals are the same size, which is
more dense?
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Are you ready to be a mineralogist and test
minerals?Mineral testing lab begins on MONDAY ?!
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SOURCES Holt Textbook and Online
Resources www.classzone.com Mineral Information
Institute www.presentationhelper.co.uk