Adoption: The Grafted Family Tree

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Adoption The Grafted Family Tree

• Ryan Rooks
• Major Seminar

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Agenda

• Introduction
• Ancient Era
• Development
• Religion and Fitness
• Korea
• Transracial
• Into the 21st Century

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Introduction

• Adoption-Since the beginning of man
• From adoptions of ancient times to modern
  adoptions, a common thread exists the need of
  adoption has been the result of government
  policies, economic stresses and cultural norms.

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Adoption in Ancient Times

• Babylon
• Rights of rearing children to son-ship
• Moses
• Genocide of the Jews
• Adoption by the Pharaohs daughter
• Elizabethan Law 1601
• Servitude/Indenture

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Development into the Modern Age

• Massachusetts Law of 1851
• Child Adoption Act
• Political Environment of Abolition/Rights of Man
• The Orphan Trains
• Charles Loring Brace
• New York Childrens Aid Society
• Placing Out
• Local church coordination NOT agencies

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The Orphan Trains
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Religion and Fitness

• Catholicism vs. Protestantism vs. Judaism
• Judge Justine Wise Polier
• Concerning Child Adoption Across Religious
  Lines.
• Sophie van Senden Theis
• Minimum Standards of adoption
• Comparing the Child/Parent Fitness for each
  other
• Adoption Screening

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International Adoption

• Liming Liu
• West Meets East
• Nations that are receiving countries
• Readily available birth control, legal abortion,
  social acceptance of single and unwed mothers
• Nations that are sending countries
• Surplus of infants, high fertility rates, less
  developed economies and overpopulation

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International Adoption

• World War Two
• Japan and the countries of Europe
• Americanization of adopted children
• Infants
• The Special Needs children in America
• Result of increase in demand for infants
• Domestic adoptionsMaryland illegally selling
• A need to regulate domestic adoption
• More rules and restrictions

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Korea

• The Korean War 1950-1953
• Displaced Orphans
• Bertha and Harry Holt
• Founder of Holt International Childrens Services
• Adopted 8 Korean Children to add to their 6
  biological children
• The Holt Bill Bill for Relief of Certain War
  Orphans
• A welcome alternative to CWLA/USCB regulations
• Adoption by Proxy
• CWLA/USCB attempt to block Holt in Congress

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Why Korea?

• Timing of American family attitude
• Nuclear Family
• World Superpower
• Korea - - A racist country
• Liming Lius standards for the sending country
• Top sending country until 1988
• Olympics

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More Transracial Adoption

• China- The One Child Policy
• National Association of Black Social Workers
• Cultural Genocide 1972
• Operation Baby-Lift
• Vietnam Orphans 1975
• Controversial
• American need to take positive from a negative
  war
• Indian Child Welfare Act (ICWA) 1978
• Tribal claim to orphan children
• Russia1990s (TransCULTURAL)

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Into the 21st Century

• Citizenship Act of 2000
• Automatic Citizenship effective February 27, 2001
• Reflects change in societal view towards
  international adoption
• Intercountry Adoption Act 2000
• Supports the Hague Convention on Protection of
  Children
• Sets standards and procedures for countries
  adopting from one another

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Questions/Comments