Safety

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Safety
NTSB Runway Safety Meeting March 27, 2007 Earl
Weener, PhD Foundation Fellow Flight Safety
Foundation
Runway
Initiative
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Participants

• Airbus
• Embraer
• ACI
• IATA
• ERA
• Eurocontrol
• AAPA

• EASA
• CANSO
• IFALPA
• FAA
• LVNL
• Boeing
• Flight Safety Foundation

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What is the Flight Safety Foundation ?

• Independent

• Non-Profit

• International
• Founded in 1947 by Aviation Industry

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FSF Goal
Make Aviation Safer by Reducing the Risk of
an Accident
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Definition A Runway safety issue is any safety
issue that deals with the runway environment (or
any surface being used as a runway) and the areas
immediately adjacent to it (e.g. overruns, high
speed taxiways). Runway Safety issues include
runway incursions, runway excursions, and
inappropriate use of runways.
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Runway Safety Issues

• Runway Incursions

• Runway Excursions

• Runway Confusion

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Data Availability

• Runway Incursions - Good

• Runway Excursions - Good for Accidents
  and Incidents with Damage

• Runway Confusion - Limited (normally no
  damage, no injury, no loss of
  separation)

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1977 - KLM / Pan Am
Los Rodeos Airport -Tenerife Canary Islands
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US Airways Runway Incursion Accident Los
Angeles Controller cleared aircraftto land
with other aircraft on the runway.
February 1991
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SASOctober 2001
Milan, Italy
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Runway Incursions

• Part of the new breed of safety issues - Not
  a lot of accidents - Numerous Incidents

• Basic Risk Management Risk (Probability)
  X (Severity)

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Causes of Approach and Landing
AccidentsCorporate Aircraft1991 - 2002
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Lion Air, Solo Airport, Indonesia
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The Players

• Operators - Aircrews - Management

• Airports

• ATC

• Regulators

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Operators

• Stabilized Approach Criteria

• True No-Fault Go Around Policy

• Training

• Decision making
• - On approach - On the runway

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Air France 358, Toronto, Canada
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Airports

• Airport Design

• Lighting

• Approach Aids (e.g. VASI, PAPI)

• Runway Design (crown, grooved)

• Runway markings and signage

• Runway clearing/cleaning

• Runway condition measurement

• Runway Safety Areas

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ATC

• Stabilized Approach Assistance

• Pertinent and timely Information
• - Weather - Runway Condition

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Regulator

• Provide appropriate and professional
  oversight

• Approaches with vertical guidance

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Purpose of Initiative To identify issues,
gaps, and opportunities that lead to solutions in
addressing runway safety challenges.
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Runway Safety Products Catalog Runway
Incursion Product Title
Originator Type
Product Audience ICAO Runway Safety
Toolkit ICAO
CD and web Aircrew, Airports, ATM,


Management Runway and
Surface Safety FAA
CD and web Flight
Instructors

Pilot
Examiners Taxi 101
FAA CD
and web Maintenance personnel Runway
Incursion Prevention FAA, ACI,
CD and web Aircrew, Airports,
ATM Program
IATA, PAAST European Action Plan for the
Eurocontrol et al CD and web
Aircrews, Airports, ATM Prevention of
Runway Incursions
Vehicle
drivers Runway Incursion Joint Safety
FAA (CAST) CD
Aircrews, Airports, ATM Analysis and
Implementation Team Reports FAA Runway Safety
Website FAA
Web site Aircrews, ATM, Vehicle


Drivers Enhanced
Taxiway Centerline FAA
CD and web Aircrews, ATM,
Airports AOPA Runway Safety Course
FAA, AOPA Web site
General Aviation Pilots ALPA Runway Safety Course
FAA, ALPA Web site
Aircrews Sportys Pilot Guide to
Runway Safety Sportys CD
General Aviation Pilots
Runway Excursion ALAR Tool Kit
Flight Safety Foundation CD
Aircrews, ATM, Airports Managing
Threats and Errors Flight Safety Foundation
Web Aircrews During
Approach and Landing How to avoid a Runway
Overrun Takeoff Safety Training Aid
FAA CD and web
Aircrews
Runway Confusion ???????????
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Runway Safety Data Availability

• Runway Incursions - Runway incursions
  are required to be documented

• Runway Excursions - Many are documented
  if damage or injury result

• Runway Confusion - Documented only if
  damage or injury occur. Incidents not
  required to be documented.

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Preliminary Data 1995 2006 1,237 Total
Accidents
Number Percent of
Total Incursions 10
.8
Excursions 363 29.4
Confusion 4 .3
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Preliminary Data2002 2006
512 Total Accidents
Number (Fatalities)
Percent of Total Acc Incursions 3 (17)
.6
Excursions 13 (283) 2.5
Confusion 1 (49) .2
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FSF Goal
Make Aviation Safer by Reducing the Risk of
an Accident