Energy Balance and Weight Control

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Energy Balance and Weight Control
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Overweight and Obesity

• Approximately 25 of men and 30 of women in the
  US are overweight and about 20 -23 children are
  overweight or obese, with prevalence higher in
  females and lower socioeconomic groups.
• Overweight 10 -20 above ideal weight
• Obese 20 above ideal body weight

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US Obesity epidemic

• http//www.cdc.gov/nccdphp/dnpa/obesity/trend/maps
  /index.htm

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Health problems associated with being overweight

• Gall bladder disease
• Arthritis, gout
• Upper respiratory problems
• Skin disorders
• Menstrual/ovarian/
• pregnancy difficulties
• Early death

• High blood pressure
• Stroke
• High LDL (cholesterol)
• Atherosclerosis
• Diabetes
• Certain cancers

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Overweight

• Excess fat at the waist and abdomen is more
  dangerous than fat in the thighs and buttocks
  area. (Central Obesity)
• Also more risk associated with gaining extra
  weight early in life (before age 50).

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Standards to determine weight goals

• Height and weight tables
• Body Mass Index
• 19 25 for men and women
• 21 27 for men and women 35 years
• Body Composition (different than BMI)
• Women average 22 26
• Men average 16 - 20
• Abdominal circumference
• Women 35 risk
• Men40 risk

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Weight depends on energy balance

• Each pound of fat 3,500 calories
• Energy intakes among individuals vary as a
  response to internal and external control or cues.

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Energy out put

• BMR Basal metabolic rate
• 60 - 65
• Voluntary activities (TEE Thermic effect of
  exercise)
• 25 - 35
• TEF Thermic Effect of Food
• 5 10

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Basal metabolic rate is affected by

• Age younger ? older ?
• Height tall ? short ?
• Growth ?
• Body composition leaner ? fatter ?
• Fever ?
• Stress ?
• Environmental temperature ?
• Fasting and starvation ?
• malnutrition?
• Thyroxine (key regulator)
• low production lowered metabolism
• Higher production higher metabolism

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Weight loss recommendations

• Nutrient dense low calorie (low fat)
• Activity/exercise (moderate, 60 mins/most days)
• Behavior modification
• Other lifestyle changes
• Lose no more than one - two pounds/week
• Social support
• Goals (s.m.a.r.t.)
• sensible, measurable, attainable, reasonable,
  timed

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Weight loss pitfalls

• Programs that promote rapid weight less, use very
  low calorie plans (below 1,200 calories)
• Rely on supplements, drugs, surgery
• Loosing more than 2 pounds/week (most of it will
  be water)
• Testimony based, instead of science
• A diet that cant be maintained, or may not be
  healthy.
• Not thinking in terms of lifestyle!

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