Approaches for Future International Cooperation

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Approaches for Future International Co-operation
Cédric Philibert AIXG Seminar Session 3
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Purpose of the session

• To help guide the development of future
  technical and analytical issues of the Annex I
  Expert Group relating to mitigation approaches

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Some Overarching Issues

• How to define future co-operation?
• Top-down multilateral negotiations
• Bottom-up, pledge-based
• Mixed
• Type of approaches
• Non-quantitative approaches
• Quantitative emissions approaches
• Stringency and differentiation
• Basis for setting objectives present or future?
• What is differentiated stringency/nature/timing
  of targets
• Timing
• Extent of participation

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Non Quantitative Approaches

• No cap but trade
• Policies and measures
• Technology agreements (RD, standards,
  performance goals)
• Carbon taxes
• International voluntary agreements with industry

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Quantitative Emissions Approaches

• Nature
• Fixed / indexed
• Nation-wide / sectors
• Binding / non-binding
• Price cap action targets long-term endowments
• Timing, allocation of efforts
• Multi-stage
• Per capita (e.g., contraction and convergence)
• Brazilian proposal
• Based on costs

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Potential analytical issues

• Can an integrated agreement with different
  approaches be designed to encourage
  participation, provide flexibility, minimize
  costs and ensure comparable levels of efforts for
  countries at comparable levels of development?
• What are the key analytical issues?
• For example, is it possible to integrate a
  technology approach and a sectoral approach with
  other approaches in a practical manner?
•  What approaches relating to timing, allocation
  and differentiation are amenable to the above?
• Can international agreements be designed to
  support and not limit domestic interests?
• Other?