Perfect System Passive

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Perfect System Passive

• Easier than the present!

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Terms

• Present system refers to the present, imperfect,
  and future tenses.
• Perfect system refers to the perfect, pluperfect,
  and future perfect tenses.
• The present system uses the 2nd principal part as
  a base.
• The perfect system uses the 3rd pr. part as a
  base for active and the 4th for passive.

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Forming the Perfect Passive System

• The base used for the perfect, pluperfect, and
  future perfect tenses in the passive is the 4th
  principal part.
• You will add a form of the verb to be as a
  separate word.
• You will also change the ending of the 4th
  principal part to indicate the gender and number
  of the subject.
• Example portatae sunt is 3rd pl. fem. perf.

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Forming the Perfect Passive

• Add the present tense of the verb to be sum,
  es, est, sumus, estis, sunt
• For audio in the masc., that would be
• auditus sum I have been heard
• auditus es you have been heard
• auditus est he has been heard
• auditi sumus we have been heard
• auditi estis yall have been heard
• auditi sunt they have been heard

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Forming the Pluperf. Passive

• Add the imperfect tense of the verb to be eram,
  eras, erat, eramus, eratis, erant
• For audio in the fem., that would be
• audita eram I had been heard
• audita eras you had been heard
• audita erat she had been heard
• auditae eramus we had been heard
• auditae eratis yall had been heard
• auditae erant they had been heard

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Forming the Fut. Perf. Pass.

• Add the future tense of the verb to be ero,
  eris, erit, erimus, eritis, erunt
• For audio in the neut., that would be
• auditum ero I will have been heard
• auditum eris you will have been heard
• auditum erit it will have been heard
• audita erimus we will have been heard
• audita eritis yall will have been heard
• audita erunt they will have been heard

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Vowels used on the 4th pr. part

• For masculine, -us in sing., -i in pl.
• For feminine, -a in sing., -ae in pl.
• For neuter, -um in sing., -a in pl.
• For audio, that would be
• auditus/auditi
• audita/auditae
• auditum/audita

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To sum up

• Use the 4th principal part plus a tense of the
  verb to be as a separate word.
• Change the ending on the 4th part to match the
  gender and number of the subject
• Translate have been, had been, will have
  been
• Each conjugation works the same way.