Balancing Nationalism and Sectionalism

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Balancing Nationalism and Sectionalism

• Chapter 7

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Section 1 Regional Economies create Differences

• Industrial Revolution
• Factories became the new centers of industry
• Mass production
• Two events caused America to turn attention to
  the development of domestic industries
• 1. Embargo Act of 1807
• 2. War of 1812
• Americans had to invest capital outside of
  shipping

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New England Industrializes

• 1793-Samuel Slater establishes mechanized textile
  factory in Rhode Island
• Factory only mass-produced one part of the
  textile thread.
• 1813- Francis Cabot Lowell, Nathan Appleton, and
  Patrick Tracy Jackson built a weaving factory in
  Massachusetts
• mechanizing all the stages in the manufacture of
  cloth.
• Outfitted it with power machinery.
• Town of Lowell became a booming manufacturing
  center- thoughts of young women came to find work
  after declining family farms (pg.262)

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Agriculture

• North
• Type of land a growth of cities encouraged
  farmers to make smaller farms
• Raise one or two types of crops or livestock and
  sell it at city markets
• Little need for slavery
• South
• 1793- Eli Whitney invents the cotton engine.
• The gin made it possible for cleaning the seeds
  from short-staple cotton. Allowed farmers to
  grow the cotton for a profit with increasing
  demand in the North and Britain.
• Cotton production growth increases the number of
  slaves in the south.

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The American System1815

• President Madison presented a plan to Congress to
  unify the nation due to the development of
  different economies (N/S)
• Three points
• Develop transportation system
• Establish protective tariff
• National Bank
• House Speaker Henry Clay promoted the system

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Internal Improvements

• Had to communicate, travel and transport goods
  with one another
• Steam Locomotive built in 1825
• Railroads-offered advantages to other modes of
  transport (fast, cross terrain, operate in severe
  weather)
• National Road- Maryland to Illinois
• States built turnpikes
• Erie Canal- connect Atlantic Ocean to Great Lakes
• 363 miles 8 years to build canal tolls paid for
  construction in 12 years

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Ch 7 Section 2Nationalism at Center Stage

• Supreme Court strengthens federal government
• Gibbons vs. Ogden
• McCulloch v. Maryland
• Fletcher v. Peck
• Foreign Policy
• Rush-Bagot Treaty US and Canada common border
  joint occupation of Oregon Terrority for 10 yrs
  with GB
• Adams-Onis Treaty- Spain ceded Florida to US
• Monroe Doctrine- warned outside powers not to
  interfere with Western Hemisphere and US would
  not get involved with other countries.

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Expansion to the West

• Settlers move into the Northwest Territory some
  went to escape debts or the law, most went in
  search of economic and social gain.
• THE MISSOURI COMPROMISE
• 1819, settlers requested admission as a state.
  Issue of Slavery arose- 11 free and 11 slave
  states balanced the Union.
• The Louisiana Territory was split into two
  spheres of interest, one for slaveholders and one
  for free settlers. Dividing Line was set at 36
  30 north latitude.
• South-slave states
• North-free states (except Missouri)

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Chapter 7 Section 3The Age of Jackson

• Elected President in 1828
• Heated campaign with John Quincy Adams
• Removal of Native Americans
• White settlers had two attitudes
• Displacement or convert
• Five Civilized Tribes began to adopt European
  culture after War of 1812
• Jackson thought assimilation could not work.
• Passed the Indian Removal Act of 1830. Federal
  government provided funds to negotiate treaties
  that would force the Native Americans to move
  west.
• 90 treaties were signed

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Cherokee Fight Back

• The Cherokee Nation tried to win just treatment
  through the US legal system. Justice Marshall
  refused to rule on the case saying the Cherokee
  had no federal standing.
• In 1835, a treaty was signed for 5 million and
  begins the exodus.
• In 1838, Pres. Van Buren orders them to be
  forceably removed
• Trail of Tears
• 1838 Cherokee tribe were sent off in groups of
  1000 on an 800 mile trip
• Party by steamboat and railroad but mostly on
  foot
• More than 25 died on the trip

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Reforming American Society Ch8

• Rural Manufacturing
• cottage industry system- manufactures provided
  the materials for goods to be produced at home
• Paid by the piece and given new materials for the
  next batch of work
• Power looms replace cottage industry by the 1830s
• Early Factories
• Master
• Journeyman
• Apprentice
• Lowell Mill Girls
• Immigrant growth
• Unions organize for better conditions

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Compare Lives