Greenhouse Crop Production

1
Greenhouse Crop Production

• Chapter 27

2
Orchids and Roses

• Orchidaceae
• 500 genera, 15,000 species
• 8000 for one plant before WWI
• Grow naturally in every country in the world
• 1765 species in Brazil

3
Orchids

• Epiphytes
• Terrestrial
• 2 habits of growth sympodial, and monopodial
  growth

4
sympodial

• Grow along the surface of the medium
• Forms pseudobulb and leaf
• These type include cattleya, calanthe, laelia,
  dendrobium

5
monopodial

• Growth is upright
• Terminal bud develops and new roots develop from
  stem
• Examples include phalaenopsis, and vanda

6
characteristics

• Slow growth
• Few thick leaves
• One growth cycle per year
• Many have a pseudobulb, life support
• Aerial roots fleshy and thick
• No root hairs, velamen exchanges gases

7
propagation

• Seeds - 5-7 years to maturity
• Division lead tender, easily broken, lose 1
  year
• Tissue culture - clones

8
Cultural conditions

• Open and porous media
• Fir bark, peat moss, perlite
• Need more nitrogen
• Need support

9
terrestrial

• Cymbidiums
• Cypripediums
• Vandas
• Needs 1-1-1 peat moss, bark, and perlite

10
Storage and shipping

• 50 degrees minimum
• Placed in water tube
• When ¾ flowers are open

11
problems

• Yellow foliage too high light
• Failure to flower wrong temp, improper light
  levels, need fertilizer

12
Diseases

• Mosaic or black streak virus
• Botrytis stem rot

13
Insects

• Weevils small holes in leaves
• Slugs, snails, cockroaches feed on flowers
• Scale eats the leaves

14
Roses

• The oldest known flower on earth
• Symbols all that is good
• Red means I love you anywhere in the world

15
roses

• Sold in 1980s Forever Yours
• Crossed in 1959
• Propagation cuttings, grafting, and budding

16
roses

• Budding is superior to cuttings
• Started eye budded earlier in season
• Dormant eye late in season
• Understocks different indoor and outdoor stock
• Bud union where it is joined

17
roses

• Need balanced fertilizer
• Need a good amount of light
• CO2 injector
• Pinching is needed
• Hard pinch
• Soft pinch

18
Grading and packing

• Grading boards in 3 inch intervals
• Cost is length of stem
• Refrigerate and flower food

19
problems

• Nutrient deficiency
• Nematodes
• Malformed flowers thrips and boron deficient
• Leaf drop overwatering, to much fertilizer, air
  pollution
• Black spot ethylene gas increases

20
roses

• Bent neck air bubble at flower head

21
Diseases

• Powdery mildew
• Canker
• viruses

22
Insects

• Red spider mites
• Aphids
• Leaf rollers

23
Conclusion

• Orchids and roses are in high demand, but they do
  have problems in the production of these crops.