Nanotechnology Interaction with BioSystems

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Nanotechnology Interaction with Bio-Systems
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Nanotechnology

• Research and Development
• at the atomic, molecular, and macromolecular
  scale, leading to the controlled manipulation and
  study of structures and devices with length
  scales in the 1 to 100 nanometers

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Micro-sized Structures
2 to 100 mm
Bio/Nanotechnology
0.6 to 100 nm
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Nanostructures/Bio-structures

• Nanoparticles
• Metal (Gold)
• Metal oxide (MO)
• Liposome
• Dendrimers
• Quantum Dots
• Gold Nanoshells
• Fullerenes
• Nanotubes / Nanofibers

• Amino Acids/ Proteins
• Molecules
• Cells
• Cancer
• Endothelial
• Neurons
• Antibodies
• Viruses
• Bacteria

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Bio/Medical Applications
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Nanostructures vs. Bio-Medical Application
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Cancer Targeting / Visualization / Treatment

• Passive Targeting
• Tumor tissues have leaky vasculature and
  decreased lymphatics resulting in the
  accumulation of nanostructures (magnetic)

• Active Targeting
• Nanoparticles with ligands / molecules /
  antibodies attached to their surface target tumor
  or healthy cells

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Nanostructures Size

• Were shown to penetrate the blood/brain barrier
  or the stomach epithelium
• Requirements The NP have to
• Avoid rapid filtration by the spleen, which has
  filaments spaced at about 200 nm
• Traverse the liver (150-200 nm sized fenestrae
  and avoid Kupffer cell-lined sieve plates)
• Allow them to readily interact with biomolecules
  on the cells surface and within cells
• Interact with receptors, nucleic acids, and
  signaling proteins in their normal states and
  while undergo a certain process (apoptosis)

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Nanostructures Solubility

• Modification of the nanostructure s outer
  surface to allow a large variety of chemical,
  molecular, and biological entities to be
  (covalently) bonded.
• Offers increased solubility and biocompatibility
• Attachment of biological entities to NPs
• Directly
• Via other intermediaries (PEG)

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Nanostructures Solubility (contd.)

• Attaching hydrophilic polymers (PEG), greatly
  increases the hydration and overcome the
  solubility barrier
• Increases the biocompatibility of NPs and stay
  longer in blood (decreased opsonization and
  subsequent clearance by macrophages)
• Charge of the NPs by derivatizing the surface
  with cationic or anionic species
• NP with amine (cationic) groups more cytotoxic
  than those carboxylic terminated NPs (anionic)

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Collaborations

• National Center for Toxicology Research
• (NCTR)
• NASA Kennedy Space Center
• Oakridge National Laboratories
• National Institute for Standards and Technology
  (NIST)
• Louisiana State University

• National Institute For Isotopic and Molecular
  Technologies,
• Romania
• University of Poitiers, France
• National Center for Scientific Research (CNRS),
  Grenoble, France
• Embrapa Research Laboratory, Brazil
• University of Rio de Sul, Brazil

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Conclusions

• Nanotechnology is a young field but is developing
  very fast because of the strong foundations in
  Materials Science
• Nanomaterials can find a large number of
  applications in Bio-Medicine especially in
  targeting different types of cells/tissue
• It requires a combined approach
• Nanomaterials research
• Production
• Health Impact
• Bioinformatics
• Visualization

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Thank You !!!