Linkages between the Kyoto and Montreal Protocols

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Linkages between the Kyoto and Montreal Protocols

• Jerry Velasquez
• United Nations University

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This Presentation

• Climate related regimes
• Institutional Design
• Decision Making
• Reporting and Compliance
• Development Component
• Links between Kyoto and Montreal Protocols
• Science
• Historical/political
• Policy
• Institutional
• Financing
• Adaptive Approaches
• Future Perspectives

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Institutional Design
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Decision Making

• FCCC Kyoto Protocol
• Failed to arrive at rules of procedure unanimous
  voting in most cases in practice exceptions
  from consensus if number of opposing countries is
  small and does not include a major country
• Vienna Convention Montreal Protocol
• Strong voting mechanism adjustments (without
  need for national ratification) to already
  controlled substances by 2/3 majorities, plus
  majorities of DC IC for the addition of new
  substances 2/3 of the parties decisions on
  financial mechanism 2/3 majorities plus
  majorities of DC IC

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Reporting and Compliance

• FCCC Kyoto Protocol
• Regular reporting on efforts to achieve the
  objectives of the convention non- compliance
  procedure for Kyoto Protocol agreed (30 penalty)
• Vienna Convention Montreal Protocol
• Yearly reports on production, exports, and
  imports strong implementation review soft and
  hard noncompliance procedures, including
  sanctions for illegal trade and threat of
  terminating funding

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Development Component

• FCCC Kyoto Protocol
• Common but differen-tiated responsibilities no
  targets and time-tables for developing countries
  within the first commitment period of the Kyoto
  Protocol CDM designed to reward developing
  countries for emission reductions and provide
  access to technology
• Vienna Convention Montreal Protocol
• Different reduction schedules for developing
  countries MLF finances incremental project costs
  of developing countries preservation of the
  ozone layer mainly perceived by developing
  countries as an interest of the North
  considerable bargaining power of developing
  countries

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Scientific
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Historical/Political
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Policy
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Institutional
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Financing
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Adaptive Approaches

• Need for appropriate strategies
• Better coordination between TEAP and IPCCC, MEA
  COPs, MF and GEF, MEA Secretariats
• NFP joint activities
• Non-ODS and good LCCP alternatives
• Technology leapfrogging/transfer

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Future Perspectives

• Adoption of an issue management approach
• Consideration of the life cycle of alternatives
• National institutional issues
• Need for long term, sustained function-centric
  capacity building
• They should be treated as sustainable development
  problems