1929 105 O' Klein, Y' Nishina

1
????????????? ????????????? ?? ?????????????
????????? ???????? ?.?., ??????? ?.?.
?????????? ????????? ??? ??. ?.?. ??????????,
??????, ?????? ??????????? ????????
?????????????? ?????????, ????????, ???????
2
???????????? ????????
1929 ???????? ?????????????? ??????????????
????????? ? ????????? ????????
????????? ??????? ??? 10-5 (O. Klein, Y.
Nishina)
1970 ?????? ????????? ????????????? ?????,
?????? ?????????? ????????? ??????
? ?????????????? ????????? ??????
(P.M. Platzman, N. Tzoar) ?????? ?????
???? ?????????!
1972 ?????? ????????????????? ??????????
????????? ????????? ??
?????????????????? ????????? NiO (F. de Bergevin,
M. Brunel)
1985 M. Blume ????????????? ??????????
????????? ?????????? ????????? ???
??????????? ????????? ?????? ????? ??????????
K. Namikava et al. ??????
??????????? ?? ?????????? ????????????
?????????? ????????? ????????????? ????? ?? Ni
1988 M. Blume, D. Gibbs J.P. Hannon,
G.T. Trammell et al. ????????????? ??????
??????????????? ???????????? ?????????? ?????????

? 1990 ???? ??????????? ????????? ?????????
?????????? ?????? ???????????? ? ???????????
??????? ???????????? ?????????? !!!
3
??????????? ????????? ???????????? ?????????
????????? ???????? ??????????? ?? ??????????
????????? ????? ???????????? ????????? ?????????
????????????? ????????? ? ?????? ????? ? ????
?????? ?????? ????? ? ????????? ?????? ???
?????????? ? ??????????
??????? ?????? ?ml ?1 ?ms 0
4
?????? ?????????? ????????? ????????? ( XMCD
) ?????? L2,3 ????? ?????????? ?????????? ????????

• ?????????? ????????????? (?
  ??????? ?? ????????????? ???????? ?????????)

• ???????????????? ? ???????????????

• ?????????? ??????????? ????????? ?
  ???????????? ??????? ? ????????? ??????
  ????? (? ??????? ?? ??????????????)

5
Co atoms on Pt
Magnetization of a monatomic wire array
recorded at the Co L3 edge along the easy
direction (filled squares) and at 80o away from
the easy direction (open circles)
P. Gambardella et al., Nature 416, 301 (2002)
6
(No Transcript)
7
Direct observation of the alignment of
ferromagentic spins by antiferromagnetic
spins Nature, 405, 767 (2000) F. Nolting, A.
Scholl, J. Stohr, J.V. Seo, J. Fompeyrine, H.
Siegwart, J.-P.Locquet, S. Anders, J. Luning,
E.E. Fullerton, M.F.Toney, M.f.Scheinfein and
A.H.Padmore
Co layer, 1.2 nm polycrystalline
LaFeO3 layer epitaxial on SrTiO3 (001)
8
XPEEM X-ray photoelectron emission microscopy
Nolting et al. Nature 405, 767 (2000)
LaFeO3 layer Fe L-edge XMLD image
Co top layer Co L-edge XMCD image
Images and local spectra from 1.2-nm Co layer on
LaFeO3/SrTiO3(001). The contrast in the images
arises from antiferromagnetic domains in LaFeO3
(a) and ferromagnetic domains in Co (b) with
in-plane orientations of the antiferromagnetic
axis and ferromagnetic spins as indicated below
the images. The spectra shown underneath were
recorded in the indicated areas and illustrate
the origin of the intensity contrast in the PEEM
images.

• Correlation of AFM and FM domains !!!

9
Reflection XMLD on metallic AFM MnNiP.M.
Oppeneer, H.-Ch. Mertins, D. Abramsohn et al.
Phys. Rev. B 67, 052401 (2003)
Study exchange-biased, buried metallic AFM
MnNi. Spin axis in MnNi is set through exchange
bias
10 nm on top of MnNi
Sizable signal 22 from buried MnNi layer !!!
10
Dichroic interference effects
C.-C. Kao et al., PRB 50, 9599 (1994)
Co buried layer in a multilayer stack

• Angle and energy dependent reflectivity
• Circularly polarised light
• H longitudinal

Co L3 edge
11
Soft x-ray magnetic diffraction

• Ag(11Å)/Ni (17.5Å) multilayer
• Ni L3-edges
• Linearly polarised light

J.-M. Tonnerre et al., PRL 75, 740 (1995)
? Artificial material with correlation length ?
Also, large lattice parameter some oxides
12
PHYSICAL REVIEW B 60 (1999) 9662  Profile of the
induced 5d magnetic moments in Ce/Fe ans La/Fe
multilayers probed by x-ray magnetic-resonant
scattering  L. S?ve, N. Jaouen, J.M. Tonnerre, D.
Raoux, F. Bartolome, M Arend, W. Felsch, A.
Rogalev, J. Goulon, C. Gutier, J.F. B?rar
Ce10 /Fe30 multilayer Ce L2 edge
Ce L2 edge 6164 eV
Depth prifiles
13
???????? ??? ????????????? ??????
14
(No Transcript)
15
(No Transcript)
16
X-RAY ABSORPTION EVIDENCE FOR THE
BACK-DONATION IN IRON CYANIDE COMPLEXES Surface
Review and Letters, Vol. 9, No. 1 (2002) 359 A.
S. VINOGRADOV, St. Petersburg A. B.
PREOBRAJENSKI, S. A. KRASNIKOV, T. CHASSE and R.
SZARGAN, Leipzig A. KNOP-GERICKE, R. SCHLOGL, P.
BRESSLER, Berlin
17
?????? ??????????????? ????????????? ??? ???????
?????????? ?????????c????
h Y
h X
h Z
18
Fe(5.7)(Co(5.6)50/V(10Å) - Fe edge
Bengt Lindgren, Gabriella Anderson and Matts
Bjork, MAXLAB, Lund, May 2003
19
??? ??????? ???????????? ????????? ?????? ???
????????? ?????????????? ????????? ?
20
L-MOKE
X
Y
21
P-MOKE
X
Y
22
T-MOKE
X
Y
23
Im(B) the main source of magnetic information !
24
L-MOKE
25
?????????????? ?????? ?????
??? ???????? ???????????
??? ???????? ???????????
26
H.-Ch. Mertins, D. Abramsohn, A. Gaupp, F.
Schäfers, W. Gudat, O. Zaharko and H. Grimmer, P.
M. Oppeneer PRB 66, 184404 (2002)
SAMPLE The polycrystalline Fe/C multilayer,
period d53.11 nm, dFe52.56 nm, dC50.55 nm, 100
periods, deposited on a Si wafer and capped with
a 2.5-nm-Al layer.
27
?????????????? ?????? ????? (????? ??????????
????)
28
????????????????? ??????? ?????????, ??????????
?? ??????????? ? ??????????? MAX-lab
??????????? ?????- ?????????????? ????????? ??
?????????????? ?????????
??????????? ?????????
????????????????? ??????? ???????????? ?????????
?? Fe (6 ML)/Co (6 ML)50, ?????????? ??
??????????? MAX-lab B. Lindgren, G. Andersson, M.
Bjork
29
????????? ???????????? ????????? ??? ????????? ??
????????????? ?????
30
?????????????? ????????? ???????
??????????????? (????????? ???????)
???????????? ???????????
?????????????? ???????????
???????????? ???????
31
P-MOKE
32
???????? ?????? ?????
??? ???????? ???????????
??????? ????????? ?????????
??? ???????? ???????????
33
T-MOKE
34
?????????????? ?????? ?????
Erad
p-polarization

Y
Z
35
?????????????? ?????? ?????
Erad
p-polarization

Y
Hext
Z
36
T-MOKE
37
H.-Ch. Mertins, D. Abramsohn, A. Gaupp, F.
Schäfers, W. Gudat, O. Zaharko and H. Grimmer, P.
M. Oppeneer PRB 66, 184404 (2002)
38
Magnetic effects at the 3p edges
XMLD in reflection first results for Fe

• Results are reproducible
• Large angle of incidence
• SO splitting of the 3p edges small

T-MOKE asymmetry

• Large T-MOKE signal 60 depending on energy and
  q

39
(T-MOKE ?)
Antiferromagnetic multilayer
40

• ??????
• ????????????? ????????????? ?????, ??????????,
  ????????-??????????? ????? ????????????
  ??????????.
• ????? ???????? ? ?????? ????????????? ????????? ?
  ?????????????? (????????? ???????????
  ??????????????? ??????? ????? ? ???????????
  ???????, ??????????? ?????????, ???????????? ????
  ?????????).
• ??????? ??????????? ???????? ???????? ???????????
  ??? ???????? ????????? ?????????? ???????.

41
ESRF, ID18
42
X-ray Voigt effect
Voigt effect
XMLD
(Originally W. Voigt, 1899)
Relationship
New X-ray magneto-optical effect even in M
(lowest order quadratic)