Botkin and Keller

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Chapter 22

• The Atmosphere, Climate, and Global Warming

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The Atmosphere

• The thin layer of glass that envelops the Earth
• Chemical reactions
• Atmospheric circulation produces weather and
  climates

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Climate

• Climate
• the representative or characteristic atmospheric
  conditions for a region on Earth
• Microclimate
• The climate of a very small local area
• Urban Dust Dome
• Polluted urban air produced by the combination of
  lingering air and abundance of particulates and
  other pollutants in the urban air mass

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Climatic Change

• Major climatic changes have occurred during the
  past 2 million years
• Appearances and retreats of glaciers
• During the past 100 years, the mean global annual
  temperature ahs increased by .5 degrees Celsius

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Global Warming

• A natural or human induced increase in the
  average global temperature of the atmosphere near
  the earths surface
• 4 factors
• Amount of sunlight Earth receives
• Amount of sunlight Earth reflects
• Retention of heat by atmosphere
• Evaporation and condensation of water vapor

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Electromagnetic Radiation and Earths Energy
Balance

• Electromagnetic spectrum
• The collection of all possible wavelengths of
  electromagnetic energy, considered a continuous
  range

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The Greenhouse Effect

• Greenhouse Effect
• The process of trapping heat in the atmosphere
• Water vapor and several other gases warm the
  Earths atmosphere because they absorb and emit
  radiation
• Greenhouse Gasses
• Gasses that have a greenhouse effect
• Water vapor, carbon dioxide, methane, CFCs

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Global Warming

• Negative and Positive feedback cycles affect the
  atmosphere
• Increase in emission of greenhouse gasses
• Solar Forcing, Natural Cycles, Aerosols (global
  dimming), Volcanic Eruptions, El Nino

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Effects of Global Warming

• Changes in climatic patterns
• Rise in sea level
• Changes in biosphere

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Adjustments to Global Warming

• Mitigate warming through reduction of greenhouse
  gasses
• Energy conservation
• Alternative energy sources
• Danger rapid climatic change

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