Advances and Strategies for Agriculture Research in China

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Advances and Strategies for Agriculture
Research in China

• Dr. Gong Xifeng
• Deputy Director General
• Department of International Coperation
• Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences

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CONTENT

• Status of Agriculture in China
• Research Achievements
• Challenges
• Strategy
• Priority For Future Research

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STATUS

• Since the reform and opening-up policy almost 30
  years ago, China has achieved favorable balance
  for supply and demand of agricultural products
• During this process, agricultural science and
  technology has played a leading role and
  contributed substantially to rural economic
  development.

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STATUS
Grain (Million tons)
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STATUS
Grain (ton/ha)
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STATUS
Meat (Million tons)
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STATUS
Egg (Million tons)
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STATUS
Milk (Million tons)
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STATUS
Farm Income (RMB)
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ACHIEVEMENTS

1. Collection and conservation of germplasm resources

Near400,000 accessions of crop germplasms are
collected and conserved in the national Genebank
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ACHIEVEMENTS

1. Collection and conservation of germplasm resources

• 2 National long-term Genebanks
• 10 mid-term gene banks
• 32 repositories for perennial plants
• over 100 conservation sites for wild plants,
• 31 sites for original aquatic organisms
• 2 gene-banks for domestic animals
• 50 genetic resource preservation farms
• 7 national collection centers

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ACHIEVEMENTS
2. Establish Integrated breeding system for new
varieties

• Hybrid Rice and Super rice
• Transgenic Bt Cotton
• High-yield and quality Canola
• Dwarf-male-sterile Wheat
• Vegetables
• Chinese Cabbage

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ACHIEVEMENTS

• Hybrid Rice and Super rice
• China has organized scientists nation-wide to
  create hybrid rice in 1970s and Super rice in
  1990s.

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ACHIEVEMENTS
Hybrid Rice
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ACHIEVEMENTS
Super rice
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ACHIEVEMENTS

• Transgenic Bt Cotton
• After Monsanto, CAAS has acquired our won IPR
  for Bt Cotton
• CAAS first developed combination of transgenic
  cotton with Bt and CpTI genes
• CAAS first developed three line hybrid cotton.

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Transgenic Cotton
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Three-line Transgenic Cotton
 
CK
Transgenic
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ACHIEVEMENTS

• High-yield and quality Canola

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ACHIEVEMENTS

• Dwarf-male-sterile Wheat and its Recurrent
  Selection System

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ACHIEVEMENTS

• Vegetables

• New way of breeding space mutation breeding
  technology

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ACHIEVEMENTS

• Chinese Cabbage

• The 1st applicable dominant male sterile line in
• cabbage in the world

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ACHIEVEMENTS

• 3. Establishment of technical system for major
  animal disease control and prevention

• avian influenza vaccine foot and mouth disease
  vaccine etc.

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ACHIEVEMENTS

1. Establishment of Quality Standard System and
   Quality Control system

• 280 national and 1780 local quality control and
  testing centers established
• More than 2500 national standards established
• Near 10000 local standards developed.

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ACHIEVEMENTS

• 5. Efficient utilization of agricultural
  resources, environment control and ecological
  restoration

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ACHIEVEMENTS

• 6. Digital agriculture and agricultural
  information technology

• Establish information collection system for
  live-stock and poultry quality tracing and crop
  disease and pest monitoring
• Research and development databases
• Precision fertilizer application model based on
  soil nutrient.

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CHALLENGES

• Population increasing and arable land decreasing,
  plus living standards raising bring an
  ever-growing pressure on grain supply.

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CHALLENGES

• Resources Limitation
• Per capita arable farmland 40 of world average
• Per capita water endowment 25 of world average

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CHALLENGES

• Resources and environment
• 40 of farmland degradation
• 4 million hectares of farmland and 5.9 million
  hectares of grassland are under desertification
  risk
• 1.4 million hectares of grassland are degraded
  annually.

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CHALLENGES

• Pollution

• Crop pesticides, heavy metal and fertilizer
  pollution problem
• Animal antibiotics and hormones residues
  problems

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CHALLENGES

• Invasive species and natural disaster

• more than 380 alien plants, 40 animals and 23
  microorganism Invasive spices into China
  recently
• 15-20 of plant species are under risk of losses
  that threaten our biological basis
• Flood, drought, climate and pest and disease
  disaster occurs frequently which make lost of
  agricultural production 6-8.

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CHALLENGES

• Farmer livelihood

• Farmers income increased growth rate with slight
  percentage in the last few years if compared with
  that of urban residents.
• Most of income are from non-agricultural
  activities.
• .

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CHALLENGES

• International competition

• Most land-intensive products do not have
  comparative advantages in the international
  markets
• Some laborintensive products have advantages but
  the quality needed to meet the standards of trade
  partner countries.

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STRATEGIES

• 1. Demanding
• By 2030, Chinese population will reach 1.6
  billion with food grain demands of 640 million
  tons
• Assume 95 self reliance, 100 million tons food
  grains need to be increased to meet the demands

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STRATEGIES

• 2. National Agricultural Development Objectives
  are to realize 3S Strategy for agricultural
  development
• Security
• Safety
• Sustainability

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STRATEGIES
3. Supporting Policy and Initiatives

• Developing national and regional agricultural
  innovation systems
• Improve mechanism and enhance institutional
  innovation
• New platform development and capacity building
• Accelerating transfer of scientific achievements
• Consolidating internal and international
  cooperation.

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PRIORITY

• Research Priorities (Security)
• Germplasm resources gene discovery and developing
  of new animal and plant cultivars
• discover functional genes
• develop new breeding platform
• improve plant and animal varieties

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PRIORITY

• Research Priorities (Security)
• Prevention and control of serious diseases and
  pests
• Reducing lost of agricultural production
• Controlling invasive species

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PRIORITY

• Research Priorities (Safety)
• Highly efficient production and food safety
• animal and crop production with high-yield, high
  quality, high efficiency
• whole-process quality control
• tracing and safety testing technology
• GMO safety control

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PRIORITY

• Research Priorities( Sustainability)
• The control and rehabilitation of agro-
  environmental pollution
• Warning and control of non-biological
  agricultural disasters,
• Agro-biodiversity conservation
• Agricultural resources utilization

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Thank you!