Homework

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Homework

• Read Joint Vision 2010
• Read the Gold Water Nichols Act
• Read Joint Operational Historical Collection
  Chapter V Gulf War
• Draw the Joint Organization in the Gulf War
  starting with the President

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What is Joint Warfare?

• Joint Challenges Gold Water Nichols Act
• Unity of Command
• Joint Organization
• Doctrine
• Joint Planning
• Joint Campaigns

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Joint Challenges

• What are the challenges to Joint Warfare?
• Different services
• Different assets
• Different tactics
• Different communications
• Different processes

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National Security Act 1947
NSC

• Lessons learned WWII
• Established National Security Council (NSC)
• Joint Chiefs now planners not commanders
• Established Department of Defense

President
SECDEF
Vice Pres
SECSTATE
Statutory Advisors
Chairman, Joint Chiefs
Director, CIA
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Goldwater Nichols Act 1986

• 2 Principle Aims
• reduce service parochialism
• enhance unity of efforts in Joint Arena
• Enhanced Role CJCS
• Created Vice CJCS
• Removed JCS from Operational Chain of Command
• Involved CINCs in budget

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Unity of Command

• Lessons learned from World War II/Vietnam
• Commander on the field has the best information
  to make decisions
• Authority must be given for military commander to
  execute civilian strategy

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Geographic Commands
Functional Commands
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Command Relationships

• Combatant Command
• Geographic Command
• Functional Command
• Unified Commands
• broad mission affecting 2 or more services
• Specified Commands
• broad mission affecting only 1 service

• OPCON
• Operational Control
• TACON
• Tactical Control

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Joint Organization

• How does the United States organize for a Joint
  Campaign?
• What is a typical organization chart?

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Developing Joint Strategy

• How do military leaders plan Joint Military
  Objectives and Strategy?
• When planning a Joint Campaign the tools are the
  same as we studied earlier in this course
• By breaking down the components you can come up
  with an effective strategy

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Joint Strategy

• These are the factors that must be considered
  when planning a joint campaign.
• Many of the items are today consistent with the
  historical strategists we read!

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Case Study The Gulf War
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National Security Interests

• What were the vital or important national
  interests at stake?
• Why did the United States go to war?
• What were the military objectives?
• What was General Schwarzkopf directed to do?

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U.S. Vital/National Interests

• Any disruption to oil production will affect oil
  prices
• Humanitarian
• Must stop Iraqi aggression and expansion in the
  region

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Iraqi Reasons for War

• 80 billion war debt from Iran/Iraq War
• WWI peace settlement established Iraqi border
• Wanted Kuwait as 19th province
• Believed Kuwait exceeding OPEC quota
• Demanded Kuwait pay 27 billion

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Gulf War Strategy Analysis

• Using tools learned in this course, what was the
  U.S. Strategy in the Gulf War?
• SWOT analysis
• Clausewitz Remarkable Trinity
• Spectrum of Conflict

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THE SPECTRUM OF CONFLICT
The range in the degree magnitude of violence
that conflict can take.
Nuclear War
General War
Limited War
Low intensity Conflict
Peace
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SWOT Analysis
Weaknesses
Strengths
Opportunities
Threats
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U.S. Strengths in Gulf War
BATTLE SPACE DOMINANCE

• What were some of the U.S. Strengths during the
  Gulf War?

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U.S. Weaknesses

• What were the U.S. Weaknesses in the Gulf War?

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What Opportunities?

• What Opportunities did the United States take
  advantage of during the Gulf War?

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What was the Iraqi Threat?

• What threats did the United States face during
  the Gulf War?

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Iraq Weaknesses

• What weakness did Iraq face?

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U.S. Objectives

• Create a UN coalition
• 33 nations
• Keep Israel/Russia out
• Gain UN authorization for use of force
• Prevent a holy war

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Organization

• What was the chain of command and joint
  organization during the Gulf War?

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Component Commands
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• What was General Schwarzkopfs concept of
  operations?

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What forces were used?
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Military Presence (Allied Forces)

• AFGHANISTAN - 300 troops
• AUSTRALIA - See Australian Info
• BAHRAIN - 400 personnel, 36 aircraft
• BANGLADESH - 6,000 troops
• BELGIUM - 1 frigate, 2 minesweepers, 2 landing
  ships, 6 C-130 planes
• BRITAIN - 43,000 troops, 6 destroyers, 4
  frigates, 3 minesweepers, 168 tanks, 300 armored
  vehicles, 70 jets
• CANADA - 2 destroyers, 12 C-130 planes,
  24 CF-18 bombers, 4500 troops, Field Hospital
  CZECHOSLVAKIA - 200 chemical warfare
  specialists
• EGYPT - 40,000 troops (5,000 special forces
  paratroopers)
• FRANCE - 18,000 troops, 60 combat aircraft, 120
  helicopters, 40 tanks, 1 missle cruiser, 3
  destroyers, 4 frigates
• GERMANY - 18 Jets, 5 Minesweeper

• HONDURAS - 150 troops
• ITALY - 3 FFG, 4 MCM, 10 Tornados
• KUWAIT - 11,000 troops, 2 missile boats
• NEW ZEALAND - 2 C-130's
• NIGER - 500 troops
• OMAN - 25,500 troops, 63 airplanes, 4
  Exocet-armed ships
• POLAND - 1 Hospital Ship
• QATAR - 1 squadron Mirage F-1E
• ROMANIA - 180 chem warfare experts
• SAUDI ARABIA - 118,000 troops, 550 tanks, 180
  airplanes
• SOUTH KOREA - 5 C-130 SYRIA -
  17,000 troops, 300 T-62 tanks
  
• UNITED ARAB EMRIATES - 40,000 troops, 80 planes,
  200 tanks
• UNITED STATES - 540,000 troops, 6 aircraft
  carriers,
  submarines, 4,000 tanks, 1,700
  helicopters,
  1,800 airplanes

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Movie

• Storm From the Sea

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USCINCCENT Strategy

• Attack Centers of Gravity
• strike command and control
• strike air defense networks
• destroy weapons of mass destruction
• destroy Republican Guard

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Gulf War Result

• What actions were carried out by Allied Forces
  during the Gulf War?
• What was the result?

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Maritime Strategy

• Control Sea Lanes
• Establish sea/air superiority
• Blockage
• 165 ships/14 nations, 10,000 boardings
• Strike War
• Amphibious deception
• Froze 80,000 Iraqi troops

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Air War Strategy

• Phase I - strategic attack
• Phase II - Air supremacy
• Phase III Prepare the battlefield

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Keys Success in Gulf War

• U.S. Planners got inside Sadaams OODA Loop
• Iraq hopeless situation - no support (trinity)
• coalitions were built
• Coalition did not rush

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Weaknesses of Gulf War

• What were some of the weaknesses of the Gulf War?
• Have all the issues in the region been resolved?
• Did we achieve all of our objectives?

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Additional SlidesFor Talking Points