Industrialization and

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Industrialization and Immigration
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The following items are necessary for you to
keep in your binder. You will turn these items in
on the day of the test for a binder grade. All
items will either have been completed in class or
assigned for homework and would be helpful to
study for your unit test on this chapter. 1.
Notes (8 pages) 2. Organizer 1 (front / back)
- Famous People 3. Organizer 2 (front / back)
- Key Words 4. Organizer 3 (front / back) -
Time Line 5. Chart (front / back) - Coming to
America 6. Sheet- Citizenship Test 7.
Workbook pages 39/40 (Vocabulary Preview/
Inventors Change the World) 8. Workbook page 42
Rise of Big Business 9. Workbook page 43/44
(New America/The Labor Movement) 10. Textbook
pages 200-201 11. ______________________________
__________________ 12. _________________________
_______________________ Name
_______________________________________________
_______ Test date _________________________
____ Extra Credit due day of test Parents
signature ( 10 pts.) ____________________________
_____________
WB 45
Cover sheet
Student Notes
Extra Credit
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Necessity is the mother of invention.
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the following images were from Time 11-12-2007
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1. Inventors and their INVENTIONS continued to
change America after the Civil War. This was
known as the SECOND Industrial Revolution.
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It was a change from AGRICULTURE and trade to a
period based on manufacturing goods. In order to
make these goods, people needed RAW materials,
capital equipment, WORKERS, and technology/ideas
about how to use the materials and create the
goods.
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a. Alexander Graham Bell- invented the TELEPHONE
in 1876. The telephone has greatly changed the
way people COMMUNICATED to each other.
a. Alexander Graham Bell- invented the TELEPHONE
in 1876. The telephone has greatly changed the
way people COMMUNICATE to each other. Did you
know he also founded the National Geographic
magazine?
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Telephones were mostly in the homes of the
WEALTHY at this time, as they were the only ones
who could afford them. People did NOT have to
learn a new way to communicate (like having to
learn MORSE Code).
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a. Alexander Graham Bell- invented the TELEPHONE
in 1876. The telephone has greatly changed the
way people COMMUNICATED to each other. Did you
know he also founded the National Geographic
magazine?
His company was called the Bell Telephone
Company and was later called American Telephone
and Telegraph (OR ATT). Did you know he also
founded the National Geographic magazine?
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b. Samuel Morse- his TELEGRAPH not only helped
people send messages, but helped the RAILROADS
communicate with each other, stay on SCHEDULE,
and prevent ACCIDENTS.
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c. Thomas Alva Edison- a great inventor of many
useful items such as
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The PHONOGRAPH (1877) that could record a voice
and have it play back.
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The incandescent electric LIGHT BULB (1879) that
could last long enough to be used in homes thanks
to a carbon filament. Lewis Latimer later helped
to improve it. Now we can light homes and
FACTORIES more safely than before with kerosene
lamps.
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In order to get electricity to homes, Edison
also took the step a bit further and built a
POWER STATION (or electric generating stations)
so electricity could be made available from town
to town. At first, only WEALTHY families could
afford to have electricity in their homes.
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d. Marconi from Italy invents the RADIO (1895)
and sends radio signals across the ATLANTIC
(1901).
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e. Transportation changes too.
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TRANSCONTINENTAL Railroad transported raw
materials to cities where they could be CHANGED
into consumer products and SHIPPED to other
people throughout the country.
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Grains from farms in the Great Plains were sent
to giant mills for CEREAL. HOGS and cattle were
sent to meat processing plants for dinner!
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As cities grew in size, transportation became an
issue. In the 1830s,
horses pulled STREETCARS.
hi...
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In the 1880s, thanks to electricity, streetcars
became ELECTRIC and horses were no longer needed.
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Now people could move to the OUTSKIRTS of the
city to live and commute into the city.
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Late 1880s we saw the HORSELESS CARRIAGES
which were cars with gas powered engines, thanks
to Frank Sprague.
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In 1893, the Duryea Brothers in Germany made the
first working AUTOMOBILE. Henry Ford also
builds his first 2-cylinder engine in the US.
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By 1896 he created a 500 pound car than ran. In
1914, Ford mass produces his MODEL-T FORD on an
ASSEMBLY LINE. He was the first to use it for
making cars, and it allowed him to make cars
FASTER AND CHEAPER than before. This made cars
affordable for the AVERAGE person and not just
for the wealthy.
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In 1903, the WRIGHT BROTHERS have the first
successful airplane flight at KITTY HAWK, NC.
The flight traveled 120 feet and lasted 12
seconds. They were not the first ones to
experiment in flight...but they were the first
ones to be successful.
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2. New inventions of this time led to new
INDUSTRIES or businesses/companies. Companies
then began to compete with each other for
peoples business in order to make MONEY.
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3. The economic idea in America is one of FREE
ENTERPRISE. This means people have the FREEDOM
to offer goods and services for sale. This
allowed many businesses to rise up and take
control of the economy.
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Many of these businesses were able to MASS
PRODUCE goods, where they turned raw materials
into consumer goods in large quantities.
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A. Steel Industry Steel was stronger than IRON
but was more expensive to make. Henry BESSEMER
created a cheaper process for making steel so it
could be mass produced. Basically this process
turned iron into steel.
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Steel is melted iron plus CARBON.
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Andrew Carnegie (son of Scottish immigrants)was
a STEEL MILL entrepreneur. He brought the
Bessemer process to America.
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In order to produce it a lower price, he
CONTROLLED all the steps of the steel-making
process.
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He bought the mines and RAILROADS / SHIPS to
deliver the resources. Other mills couldnt
COMPETE with his prices, so he consolidated, or
JOINED, these smaller mills with his and formed
the Carnegie Steel Company. After making his
fortune, Carnegie started giving it away (to
charities).
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Steel was used to make BUILDINGS, AUTOMOBILES,
and trains.
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B. Railroad Industry The RR industry became
the USs first large CORPORATION, or business
owned by investors.
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They allowed people to INVEST, or buy stock
(which were shares of a business), with the hopes
of making a profit ().
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Cornelius Vanderbilt was a big owner in the RR
industry.
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C. Oil Industry Oil was also called BLACK
GOLD.
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John D. Rockefeller made his living in OIL
REFINERIES.
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Many people used KEROSENE lamps as a source of
lights.
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He, like Carnegie, owned ALL ASPECTS of the oil
industry. He owned forests to make LUMBER,
factories to make BARRELS for the oil, ships and
RR to SHIP/DELIVER materials.
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He CONSOLIDATED smaller refineries with his
because they couldnt compete with his
prices. His company was called STANDARD Oil
Company.
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D. Meat Packing Industry Hogs and cattle were
killed, DIS-ASSEMBLED, cut into steaks or chops,
and then the leftovers were stuffed and made into
sausages.
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E. As AUTOMOBILES became popular, the oil and
steel industries benefited gasoline and motor
oil (OIL), car frames (STEEL).
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F. Manufacturers in the late 19th century (late
1800s) produced goods on a large scale using a
system of INTERCHANGEABLE parts. This idea as
first introduced by ELI Whitney (remember the
cotton gin) in the late 1700s.
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4. These leaders in big business eventually had
a MONOPOLY (or complete control) of their
industries. With a monopoly, there is little or
no COMPETITION so bigger businesses can set
PRICES for their products.
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When companies are joined to limit competition
in an industry, they form a TRUST.
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5. Other technologies or companies also made a
name for themselves during this time.
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A. George WESTINGHOUSE-created the AC electrical
current which worked better than Edisons DC
current.
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B. William Randolph Hearst- NEWSPAPER business.
He used eye-catching headlines and illustrations
as well as colored sections
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C. Madame C.J. WALKER- became the first African
American millionaire with her shampoo and beauty
products
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D. J.P. Morgan- the BANKING and financial
advisor
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Famous_People_Organizer1.pub
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Key_words_organizer1.pub
Key words Organizer.doc
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6. As industries grew, more FACTORIES were built
in or near cities, so cities grew rapidly at this
time. These industries created many JOBS for
people. Many of the WORKERS (laborers) were
IMMIGRANTS from all over the world who came to
America to make a better life for themselves.
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They played a vital role in the economy, although
they were not appreciated for their contributions.
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7. Before 1880, most immigrants were from
NORTHERN Europe, from countries like IRELAND (to
escape the potato famine), Great Britain,
Germany, and SWEDEN. People consider these
immigrants of Anglo-SAXON heritage.
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8. Around 1890 (or the late 19th century),
immigrants came from southern and eastern Europe,
from countries such as RUSSIA, Austria-Hungary,
ITALY, and the SLAVIC states of the Balkan
peninsula. They were considered the "NEW"
immigrants of the time. Many were CATHOLIC or
Jewish people, where the "old immigrants" were
mostly PROTESTANT.
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9. Immigrants also came from Canada, MEXICO,
Cuba, Puerto Rico, CHINA, Japan, and the
PHILIPPINES.
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FLORIDA
UNITED STATES
CENTRAL AND SOUTH AMERICA
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a) Immigrant numbers from Japan slowed down
because of an agreement between the Japanese
government and the US in the early 1900s. b)
Immigrant numbers from CHINA were limited by
1890s because of restrictions that the US had
passed. We required that new immigrants prove
they had RELATIVES living in the US before they
were allowed to stay.
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10. Businesses grew because they also had three
important resources.
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A. HUMAN resources- people who worked to produce
goods and services. They were the WORKERS/ WORK
FORCE who provided the labor for the businesses.

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B. CAPITAL resources- the tools, machinery, and
MONEY used to produce the goods and services.
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capital resources
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C. NATURAL resources- things found in NATURE that
people can use. Example, iron, coal, OIL.
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11. Now that businesses are growing, people began
to move off farms (from an agricultural or RURAL
society) to become more industrialized or URBAN
(city).
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American living in cities and on farms Date
Cities Farms 1880 28
72 1910 45 55 1940 56
44 1970 75 25
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Farmers produced more crops due to the
MECHANIZATION of farming. This caused prices for
crops to FALL. With less money coming in for
their crops, they couldn't PAY BANKS for their
land and equipment. Therefore they had to
foreclose on their homes/farms.
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12. Immigrants came to the United States for many
reasons
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a) For a BETTER LIFE (economic opportunities, )
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b) To escape POVERTY, hunger, discrimination, and
war in their homelands
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c) To OWN their own land or home
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d) For RELIGIOUS freedom
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e) For political freedom and social equality
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13. Ellis and Angel Island were two major entry
points for immigrants, although immigrants could
enter through ANY port.
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a. Ellis- a major immigration WELCOMING station
in the NEW YORK Harbor in 1892.
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New arrivals were checked for DISEASES and asked
questions about their previous country and where
they planned to live. The questions also
determined if the immigrants would be able to
make a living here in the US.
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If they were sick, they were held until they
recovered. If they had an incurable DISEASE, they
were sent back to their country. Mostly people
from EUROPE came to Ellis Island.
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Europe
New York
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b) Angel Island- is the SAN FRANCISCO Bay area,
Mostly CHINESE/ASIAN immigrants came here and
were mostly detained (or KEPT IN PLACE) until
they could prove they had family members living
in the US.
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http//www.angel-island.com/history.html
http//www.kqed.org/w/pacificlink/history/angelisl
and/
click on Discovering Angel Island "Watch Video"
on the right hand side
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c) Statue of Liberty- a gift from FRANCE in 1885.
Is erected in New York Harbor and is one of the
first images immigrants saw as they entered
America.
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14. Some immigrants were too POOR to take
advantage of the offers for free land out West
because they did not have the resources to travel
west and establish a farm. Therefore, many
settled on the EAST coast in the cities.
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Immigrants tended to follow the ones who came
before them, so they would know the language and
customs. For example
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a) Italians and Jews- to NEW YORK and worked in
the garment (CLOTHES) industry
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b) Slavs- in STEEL MILLS in Pittsburgh, PA
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c) Scandinavians- as FARMERS in Wisconsin or
Minnesota (where the climate was similar to their
own back home)
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d) Asian- San Francisco and other parts of
California in the MINING industry as well as
railroad and agriculture
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e) They created city NEIGHBORHOODS known as
Little Italy, Germantown, Chinatown, and Little
Poland.
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15. Famous immigrants or contributions from
immigrants
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a. Albert Einstein- SCIENTIST and physicist who
helped make the US into a world power. He is
best known for his theory of RELATIVITY. He also
helped convince the president during WW2 to
establish the Manhattan Project, which helped
develop the ATOMIC BOMB.
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b. ALEXANDER GRAHAM BELL and the invention of
the telephone.
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c. PUBLIC schools were established in the early
1800s to "train" immigrants into the ways of
American life and values. They provided
educational opportunities for CHILDREN not
working to help support the family. d. They
VOTED in large numbers to impact politics. e.
FOOD and customs (Santa Claus and pizza)
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16. Some call America the MELTING POT because
all races have melted together and reformed a new
America. Others call it a TOSSED SALAD because
the ingredients come together, but also remain
distinct.
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17. Emigrant or immigrant?
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a. Emigrant is a person who LEAVES one country
to move permanently to another
Old Country
New Country
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b. Immigrant is a person who MOVES OR COMES to a
new country
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c. Thus, every emigrant from one country was an
immigrant to another.
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18. Trials many immigrants faced
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a. They had to find a place to LIVE AND TO WORK
as soon as they arrived. Most lived with
relatives or friends in crowded tenements, which
were poorly built APARTMENT houses.
Life in the tenement photo essay.ppt
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RURAL
URBAN
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b. People did not welcome them. There was
PREJUDICE, or a dislike for a member of a
different race or culture, because people felt
threatened by them. Some experienced
anti-Catholic prejudice. Anti-immigrant
prejudices lead to RESTRICTIONS on immigrant
numbers (or QUOTAS) into the US.
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b. People did not welcome them. There was
PREJUDICE, or a dislike for a member of a
different race or culture, because people felt
threatened by them. Americans thought immigrants
were taking away their jobs since they worked
very hard, for long hours, for little pay.
c. Americans thought immigrants were taking away
their JOBS since immigrants worked very hard, for
long HOURS, for little pay, and took whatever
jobs they could find. This enabled owners to
lower wages or pay for workers.
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d. They had to learn a new LANGUAGE and culture.
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19. Between 1880-1920 there was a huge WAVE of
immigration in the United States than any other
time in our history.
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20. By 1924, the US passed laws that LIMITED the
number of immigrants who could enter the US each
year.
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23 million
northern Europe
southern
eastern Europe
religious freedom
Ellis Island
Angel Island
relatives/family
job
language
prejudice
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Time Line Organizer 3 BLANK.doc
time_line_organizer1.pub
Ellis Island opened
Duryea Brothers made 1st working car Ford builds
2 cylinder engine
Civil War / Reconstruction
telephone invented
Radio invented (Marconi)
phonograph invented
electric lightbulb invented
Radio signals across Atlantic
Statue of Liberty given
Wright Brothers- 1st flight
Model-T made on assembly line (Ford)
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Primary Sources The next few slides utilize
primary sources related to immigration.
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directions-immigration tides page 1.jpg
directions-immigration tides page 2.jpg
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directions-ellis island pg 2.jpg
directions-ellis island.jpg
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directions-ellis island pg 2.jpg
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directions-angel island pg2.jpg
directions-angel island.jpg
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directions-washer.jpg
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directions-immigration tides page 1.jpg
directions-immigration tides page 2.jpg
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directions-statue of liberty.jpg
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Coming_to_America_Chart (BLANK).doc
Coming_to_America_Chart1.doc
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Copy of Coming to America2.ppt
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21. Many people worked for long hours for little
pay in unsafe or dangerous conditions.
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a. Some worked in FACTORIES. b. Some worked
in SWEATSHOPS, or hot cramped workshops.
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Copy of Child Labor.ppt
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c. Some families had to put their KIDS to work in
order to support the family. By 1910, 1/5 or 20
of the work force in the US was children.
Because they worked such long hours, they did not
have time to go to SCHOOL.
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22. Many people began to speak out against the
poor working conditions and child labor.
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a. They joined together and formed LABOR UNIONS,
or people who worked together to improve working
conditions.
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b. Samuel Gompers formed the American Federation
of Labor (AFL) to fight for better wages (PAY),
an eight hour work day, safer working CONDITIONS,
accident insurance for work, and an end to CHILD
LABOR.
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c. Sometimes workers went on STRIKE, or stopped
working, which sometimes led to violent
encounters between employers and employees.
Sometimes the differences were settled
peacefully.
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23. Many workers wanted the GOVERNMENT to get
involved and make working conditions better, but
the government did not want to get involved
because the economy was good and strong due to
the INDUSTRIES.
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24. A HOLIDAY was established to honor our
working people. It is LABOR DAY and is
celebrated on the first Monday of SEPT. It
became an official holiday in 1894.
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25. While many people lived in the city and
worked in factories, some still lived on
FARMS/RANCHES. In order to get their supplies,
they used MAIL ORDER catalog businesses such as
Montgomery Ward and Sears Roebuck.
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26. People in farms and ranches also had to wait
for TELEPHONE and electrical services due to the
long distances needed to connect families in the
rural areas.
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27. Electricity had an influence on our daily
lives, as LABOR-SAVING devices were made for the
home, such as
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a) Electric IRONS and stoves b) VACUUM cleaners,
washing machines c) Electric WATER pumps d)
Electric LIGHT (light bulb)
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28. Life in the city was difficult a) The
United States was changing from a
rural/agricultural (AGRARIAN) nation to an URBAN
or industrialized nation.
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RURAL
URBAN
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b) Cities grew near transportation areas
(RAILROAD lines, ports for shipping) and
resources (OIL refineries, steel mills).
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c) With many people moving to the cities, finding
a place to live was difficult. Many lived in
crowded TENEMENTS, or poorly built apartment
houses. These tenements had NO HEAT or air
conditioning. Many had few if any WINDOWS.
Sometimes families of 8 or more lived together in
one small apartment.
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d) Diseases (such as INFLUENZA, yellow fever,
polio, scarlet fever, SMALL POX, and TB) spread
quickly because the people were so crowded
together in the city.
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e) Garbage piled up because there was no
sanitation department. RATS and insects spread
illness from all the filth. f) Fires broke out
due to the tenements and buildings being made out
of WOOD.
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g) CRIME increased due to the overcrowding, so
extra police were needed. This was done by
raising TAXES.
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h) Transportation from HORSES created air
pollution. Horses created manure which turned to
dust when it dried. Traffic problems increased
due to STREETCARS, subways, and auto
problems. i) Air pollution in the form of soot
from FACTORIES and refineries.
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29. So how were these problems solved? a.
Organizations were created to help families and
children YMCA and the Salvation Army
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b. SCHOOLS for underprivileged students were
created c. Jane Addams created the HULL HOUSE, a
settlement house community center, where people
(immigrants) could LEARN NEW SKILLS.
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d. Muckrakers wrote about unsafe conditions. For
example
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Jacob Riis wrote articles about the POOR LIVING
conditions in the city.
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Upton Sinclair wrote about the MEAT-packing
industries. IDA TARBELL exposed the oil
companies
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e. Instead of building outward, the cities built
UPWARD by creating taller buildings. William
Jenney built the first SKYSCRAPER in 1885.
ELEVATORS, invented by Otis is 1852 (or 1861,
depending on the source used!), helped people get
up the higher buildings.
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f. Underground transportation was created in the
form of SUBWAYS in Boston in 1877.
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30. How to become a citizen a. The process of
becoming a citizen is called NATURALIZATION.
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b. Prior to living here, someone has to
PETITION USCIS/INS on your behalf for you to get
a VISA. Once your sponsors credentials are
checked and your previous country is contacted to
make sure you are legally allowed to emigrate,
the State Dept will grant you a visa to enter the
US as a permanent RESIDENT. After living here
for 5 years, then you are eligible to become a
citizen.
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c. Once you have lived here in the US for 5
years, you can take and pass a TEST on American
history and GOVERNMENT in English.
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d. Then you take the OATH of allegiance.
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Citizenship Test Answers.jpg
Citizenship Test Sheet.jpg
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31. Other interesting inventions during this time
period
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1853- the POTATO chip invented by Native
/African American George Crum 1857- TOILET
paper- prior to it, people used paper from
catalogs or leaves!! 1860s- hot dogs began to
be sold by GERMAN immigrants from carts on the
streets of New York
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1886- COCA COLA in Atlanta, GA 1887- Cotton
CANDY in TN 1889- automatic dishwasher, PAPER
CLIP, and vacuum cleaner
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1891- the game of BASKETBALL by James
Naismith 1893- metal ZIPPER 1900- the PUSHPIN
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1. poorly built tenement houses were made they
received more votes for political jobs she
created the Hull House to help them learn new
skills buildings (skyscrapers) were built so the
cities could grow higher 2. Many families were
working and needed child care. Immigrants also
needed to learn skills to get a job and raise a
family. 3. They were shown prejudice. They had
to find a job and place to live. Some had to
learn a new language. 4. Controlling the votes
gave them power to make decisions and themselves
.