An Integrated Suite of Human Centered Aircraft Flight Instruments

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An Integrated Suite ofHuman - Centered Aircraft
Flight Instruments
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An Integrated Suite ofHuman - Centered Aircraft
Flight Instruments

• Leonard A. Temme, Ph.D.
• Naval Aerospace Medical Research Laboratory
• David L. Still, O.D., Ph.D.
• John Kolen, Ph.D.
• Institute for Human and Machine Cognition
• LCDR Michael Acromite, MC USN
• Training Air Wing SIX

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THE DEEP QUESTION

• Why does instrument flying require more training,
  experience, and currency than flying with
  external visual references?

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THE DEEP QUESTION

• Why does instrument flying require more training,
  experience, and currency than flying with
  external visual references?
• The same aircraft
• The same controls
• The same pilot
• The only difference is the information display

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Conventional Cockpit Instruments
Scan the instruments Instruments with different
units Time to understand Memorize aircraft
parameters Each aircraft complex
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OZ GOAL

• Make instrument flight at least as easy, if not
  easier, than visual flight
• OZ is a novel aircraft instrument display
• A complete suite aircraft instruments

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OZ Wish List

• Keep Up with the airplane
• Reduce/eliminate Scan
• Decrease Pilot Workload
• No Memorization V speeds, Power Settings
• Instantaneously Understandable
• Resistant to visual degradation
• Loosing glasses
• Loosing central vision - Laser hit

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OZ Wish List

• Add Capability
• Picture-in-Picture
• Consolidated Frame of Reference
• Voiceless Link
• Adaptation to change/emergency
• Facilitate learning flight dynamics and
  conventional instruments
• Decrease Spatial Disorientation / Inner Ear

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OZ Wish List

• Work with all aircraft types
• Jet
• Prop
• Helo
• Tilt rotor
• RPV
• Engineless gilder, single engine, multi-engine,
  etc.
• Total integration with
• Avionics, weather, obstructions, air traffic

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Altitude Error with Light Turbulence
(Medical Student Easier to learn, Easier to Fly)
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Heading Error with Light Turbulence
(Medical Student Easier to learn, Easier to Fly)
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Altitude Error for Two Levels of Experience
(Medical Student Easier to learn, Easier to Fly)
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Heading Error for Two Levels of Experience
(Medical Student Easier to learn, Easier to Fly)
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Altitude Error With and Without an Auxiliary Task
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Heading Error With and Without an Auxiliary Task
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Altitude Error General Aviation Pilots
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Heading Error General Aviation Pilots
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Heading Error Masking Experiment - Jedi
Medical Students
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The Experts! Military Instructor Pilots
Training Wing 6 Pilot Volunteers
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CD 5-min Training
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(No Transcript)
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(No Transcript)
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Air Speed
Heading
Altitude
Standard Deviation
Standard Deviation
Standard Deviation
CD
OZ
CD
OZ
Pilot
CD
OZ
0.48
0.39
1.92
1.04
1
3.98
2.38
0.48
0.85
2.05
0.57
2
5.99
1.44
0.79
0.66
1.70
0.58
3
4.97
1.27
1.14
1.17
2.27
0.55
4
7.11
2.15
0.47
0.52
1.97
0.41
5
2.35
1.97
0.65
1.13
3.52
1.26
6
5.19
2.23
0.67
1.09
2.69
0.59
7
4.70
3.57
1.64
0.74
2.43
0.95
8
9.02
2.96
1.12
0.80
2.13
1.07
9
10.35
5.32
1.20
0.44
1.98
0.82
10
10.12
2.21
0.58
0.55
11
5.09
2.50
2.21
1.18
0.54
0.57
1.22
0.44
12
3.22
1.98
0.50
0.69
1.79
0.35
13
3.26
1.21
0.46
0.44
14
5.38
1.08
1.76
0.55
0.74
0.78
3.38
0.49
15
4.07
1.47
1.60
1.69
3.67
1.55
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6.78
2.68
1.11
1.21
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4.59
1.57
2.77
1.14
0.67
0.86
2.52
1.39
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4.80
1.48
0.82
0.81
Mean
5.61
2.19
2.33
0.83
0.38
0.34
SD
2.28
1.02
0.66
0.37
2-sided matched-pair t-test probability
0.863594
6.56E-07
1.75E-09
not significant
significant
significant
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So What Does OZ Look Like Why Does It Look That
Way?

• OZ is based on
• Vision Science
• Cognitive Science
• Computer Science-Human Centered Computing
• Aerodynamics
• OZ Components
• Star Field Metaphor
• Air Craft Metaphor

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Starfield Metaphor Aircraft Location
Orientation

• Mathematically rigorous map
• Visually Compelling
• Allows direct mapping of real objects
• Runways / Targets
• Other Aircraft
• Weather
• Photo-realistic High Resolution Inserts
• Also Shows Time, Heading, Altitude, Pitch,
  Bank, and Translation

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Starfield Metaphor
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Aircraft Metaphor

• Dynamically changes to reflect current aircraft
  configuration, speed, engine output, and thrust
  requirements.
• Drag Curve
• Design Points (Vs, Vx, Vy, Vne)
• Propulsion
• Airspeed
• Vertical Speed
• Standard Rate Turn

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Aircraft Metaphor
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Aircraft Performance Curves
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Aircraft Metaphor
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Screen Capture of OZ
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An Integrated Suite ofHuman - Centered Aircraft
Flight Instruments