Kennedy and The Cold War 19601963

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Kennedy and The Cold War1960-1963
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Ch 20 Section1 JFK and the Cold War

• What was the new military policy of JFKs
  Administration?
• What was the crisis over Cuba?
• Why was Berlin a Cold War symbol of the 1960s?

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JFKs Military Policy

• Kennedy built up the conventional and nuclear
  weapons systems to deter the USSR and to close
  the missile gap with the Soviets
• Between 1960-1962 military spending increased
  30, 43 billion to 56 billion
• The Special Forces or Green Berets were created
• Kennedy expanded the CIA and
• and Black Operations

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The Bay Of Pigs Invasion

• Fidel Castro had led a revolution in Cuba and
  seized power from Batista in 1959
• JFK learned of a CIA planned approved by IKE to
  train Cuban exiles and allow them to attack Cuba,
  and overthrow Castro
• In April 1961, 1,500 Cuban exiles never reached
  the beach
• The air strike failed and Castro waited with
  25,000 troops and Soviet Weapons
• Kennedy, CIA, and the US were embarrassed on the
  world stage, total fiasco

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Southeast Asia

• Kennedy sent in hundreds of Green Berets when the
  Vietcong Communist Guerrillas attacked South
  Vietnam and the US supported Ngo Dinh Diem
• By 1963 16,000 US troops had been sent to South
  Vietnam
• Diem lost the support of the people and protest
  erupted (Ex. Buddhist Monks)
• Upon approval from the CIA Diem was assassinated
  by his Generals
• Americans witnessed the protests through TV, US
  causalities increased

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The Berlin Crisis

• In 1961 Khrushchev and JKF met in Vienna, Austria
• JKF felt he looked weak and second best
• Khrushchev threatened to force the Western powers
  out of West Berlin
• 3 million East Germans had fled to West Berlin
  since the end of WWII
• JFK told Americans we stay in Berlin
• August 13th, 1961 Khrushchev responded by
  allowing East Germany to construct The Berlin
  Wall

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The Cuban Missile Crisis

• In the summer of 1962 the Khrushchev began
  shipping Soviet Offensive Nuclear Missiles to
  Castro In Cuba
• The US had Offensive Missiles in Turkey
• In October 1962 U-2 Spy planes took pictures of
  the weapons that could reach the US in minutes
  and destroy American cities

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Kennedys Options

• Invade Cuba? Soviet Troops were present
• Bomb the Sites? Sneak Attack?
• Naval Blockade around Cuba, or a Quarantine

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Brink of Nuclear War

• The US was on DEFCON 3, 100,000 US troops readied
  in Florida to invade Cuba
• The Naval Blockade was in place around Cuba
• The Soviet Cargo Ships stormed to the blockade,
  but then turned around
• Days later Khrushchev pledged to remove the
  missiles if we pledged not to invade Cuba, and
  secretly months later we removed our missiles
  from Turkey
• RFK was instrumental in dealing with the Soviet
  ambassador

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Outcomes of the Crisis

• Khrushchev prestige was damaged, JFK looked
  stronger, but he was criticized for brinksmanship
• The Hot-line was established between
  Washington/Moscow
• JFK wanted to relax Cold War Tensions
• In 1962 the US and the USSR agreed to the Limited
  Test Ban Treaty which banned nuclear testing in
  the atmosphere

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