SRVA_REF_CLUB_0607.ppt

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Administrative Slide

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2008-2009New Referee Clinic
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Agenda

• Florida Region Qualified Or Certified Referee?
• Rules Review New
• What are our duties? What do we need to get
  started?
• Things to Check Meetings, Meetings, Meetings
• Time to Referee!
• The Tough Calls
• More Decisions
• Subs,Libero,Injuries,TO's Blood..
• Delivering the Message
• 06-07 Technique Changes Points of Emphasis
• Dress to Impress
• Officiating Resources

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Qualified or Certified Referee?

• 3 Things you must do to become Qualified
• Note Qualified Referees can only
• Officiate at Adult Events(unpaid)
• Attend a Florida RegionReferee Clinic.
• (Youre here, so check that one off your list.)
• This clinic will take a couple of hours. You must
  
• complete all the sections. If you fail to
  complete all
• the sections, you will not be eligible to
  Officiate at
• any Florida Region competition.

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Step 2

• Make sure you get credit for being here!
• Junior Club clinic attendance list, verify your
  information is correct.
• The Clubs will be submitting an electronic
  attendance list.
• After a clinic, each club will send in a list of
  who attended.
• This is used to update the Florida region
  database. If youre not in the computer, we cant
  keep track of your certification. When a team
  registers for a tournament, the tournament
  director will get a print out of all the teams
  playing and their complete rosters. You will be
  listed as having attended the clinic only if your
  name is included on this form!
• ADULT is for anyone who is not a Junior Player
  (parents, coaches, etc)
• JUNIOR is for Junior Players ONLY.
• When someone takes the on-line version of the
  clinic their login will be the attendance record.

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Step 3 is Crucial

• Join the Florida Region
• You MUST join prior to officiating (The forms are
  on the website)
• Completion of Steps 1-3 meets the requirements
  for QUALIFICATION to be the Referee (unpaid)for
  an Adult event.

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Adding Step 4 In-Process

• Take the online C / written test at
  www.yankee.org/usavref/usavtest
• This is a closed-book test!
• PASSWORD IS FLG668
• (Thats CAPITAL letters FLG numbers Six ,Six,
  Eight )
• The test changes each login. So dont print it
  out and answer the questions then log back in to
  fill it out.
• YOU WILL FAIL THE TEST.
• ADULT OFFICIALS...YOUR IN-PROCESS STATUS DOES
  NOT BEGIN UNTIL ALL 4 STEPS ARE COMPLETED.
• In-Process Status - Ends with the completion of
  the USAV Sanctioned National Championships for
  the current season. If you have not met the
  requirements to become certified, you may not
  officiate after this time.
• In-Process Referees can Officiate at All Florida
  region Events including paid positions.

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In-Process

• Contact Michael Gale at Mikeg_at_usavfl.org if you
  cannot take the online test. A hard copy is
  available so that you can take the test manually.
  
• After you finish the test, if possible include
  your EMAIL address on the Answer Sheet email it
  to me.The majority of communication is conducted
  via Email.

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Certification

• To Complete the Certification Process
• Receive passing grade on written/on-line
  examination. ALL tests must be corrected to 100
  with rule references. After you correct them send
  your corrections to Michael Gale.
• For Adult Certification Receive at least three
  (3) ratings.
• Rating as R1 Pass / Fail doesnt matter learn
  from it.
• Rating as R2 Pass / Fail doesnt matter learn
  from it.
• Rating as R1 Pass / Fail if you fail try again
  until you get it
• Ratings can be from any National or Junior
  National from any Region.
• They can be obtained at any USAV Sanctioned
  Indoor event in any Region. (Juniors, Adult,
  Coed).
• Make a copy for your files of all ratings, and
  send to Michael Gale.
• Mikeg_at_usavfl.org
• 2056 Sandalwood Dr Melbourne FL 32935

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Certification Continued

• As you complete and send in the various portions
  of your certification requirements, your
  information will be updated in the
  database.(pending)
• Once you have completed all the requirements,
  your name will be listed in the Certified
  Officials Section of the website
  (www.usavfl.org.) as In-Process All requirements
  met. (pending)
• If youve sent all of your things in (test,
  corrections, and ratings), and do not see your
  name in the list for a couple of weeks, please
  contact Michael Gale Mikeg_at_usavfl.org to confirm
  he has received it.
• Things sometimes get lost in the mail. Make sure
  you keep copies of everything you send in!

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Lets Review

• Qualified
• Must Be Florida region Regular Member
• Attend Clinic.
• Record of Attendance.
• No Test Required
• No Ratings Required
• Not Eligible to be Paid
• This status expires each year.
• You will need to attend a clinic
• every year.
• You are allowed to Referee only for Adult events.

• In-Process / Certified
• Must Be Florida region Regular Member
• Attend Clinic
• Record of Attendance.
• Take Correct the Online Test.
• Get Required of Ratings.
• Eligible to be the Paid R1
• This status is renewable each
• year. Clinic attendance is not
• required every year.
• You are eligible to Referee at any USAV event.

Adults who Play You must be In- Process or
Certified to a paid Referee at ADULT TOURNAMENTS.
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Junior Referee Certification

• Returning This Year...Junior Certification
• Juniors Players who want to become certified as
  an R2 (only).
• Complete Steps 1-3
• Take The Online Referee C Test. Link is on Fl
  region web site under officials
• (ONE TIME ONLY!)
• PASSWORD IS FLG668. for www.yankee.org/usavref/u
  savtest
• (Thats CAPITAL letters FLG numbers Six,
  Six,Eight)
• The test changes each login. So dont print it
  out and answer the questions then log back in to
  fill it out, YOU WILL FAIL THE TEST.
• Correct The Questions You Missed Send the
  Corrections to Michael Gale.
• Download The Rating Sheets From usavfl.org
• Receive two passing ratings (of the four) from
  CERTIFIED officials during the course of the
  season (If they are IN PROCESS The rating does
  not count). Look for Referees in uniform wearing
  a patch, or ask if they are wearing a tournament
  shirt.
• Contact Michael Gale By Email To Get Started
  mikeg_at_usavfl.org
• It Will Be The Individual Juniors Responsibility
  To Keep Up With The Process. Final evaluations
  are done at Girls Regionals.
• Reminder Junior Players Have To Take The Test
  if They Want To Become Certified!

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Rules New Review
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Rules New

• New
  Ball Handling Directive
• NOTE  For ball handling judgments, the referees
  judgment must be in accordance with the spirit of
  the rules to encourage longer rallies and
  spectacular actions hence, only the most obvious
  violations will be whistled. Therefore, when a
  player is not in a very good position to play the
  ball, the first referee will be less severe in
  his/her judgment of ball handling faults.  The
  referees should enhance the excitement of
  volleyball by allowing the spectacular elements
  of the game, and highlighting the skill and
  athleticism of the players. Referees must judge
  the contact of the ball, not the technique or
  body position of the player.
• Rule4.3 If under garments,
  including but not limited t-shirts, boxer
  shorts,tights,leotards,body suits, bicycle
  shorts, sports bras. are worn in such a manner
  that they are exposed they will be considered
  part of the uniform. In that case, they must be
  similar and the same color for any team
  member(except the libero) who wear such a
  uniform. Socks and shoes are not part of the
  uniform.

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Rules New

• USAV Rules 4.5.1 It is forbidden to wear hats or
  jewlery. An excepting will be made for religious
  or medical medallions and for adult competition a
  flat band ring on the finger. If worn medallions
  shall be removed form chains and taped or sewn
  under the uniform. If a ring other than a flat
  band can not be removed, it shall be taped in
  such a manner as not to create a safety hazard.
  Braces prosthetic liimbs or headgear that may
  cause injury ro give an artificial advantage to
  the player must not be worn. If a brace
  prosthetic limb or headgear is used, padding or
  covering may be necessary.
• What this means NO CASTS.
• USAV Rule 5.2.3.4 During play, the coach may
  give these instructions while standing or walking
  within the free zone in front of his/her team
  bench from the extension of the attack line up to
  the warm up area, no closer to the court than
  1.75 meters.(510) from the sideline and its
  extension without disturbing or delaying the
  match. The extension of the attack line is drawn
  to a distance of 1.75 m(510) from the side
  line.
• What this means .. Coaches must be nearer
  the bench than the court.
• USAV Rule5.3.1 the warm up area One assistant
  coach at a time may leave the bench to give
  instructions to the players on the court. During
  play this assistant may give these instructions
  while standing or walking within the free zone in
  front of his/her team bench from the extension of
  the attack line to the warm up area no closer
  than 1.75 m form the side line and its extension
  without disturbing or delaying the match.
• What this means. ONE assistant may be up
  with the head coach. Only head coach can speak to
  officials.

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Rules New

• USAV Rule 16.1
• A request for an illegal substitution or excess
  time out shall result in an improper request.
  However, if such a request is acknowledged(i.e.
  whistled), a delay sanction shall result. Any
  substitution request that is improper or causes a
  delay is denied. No additional request for
  substitution from that team may be made until the
  next interval when the ball is out of play.
• USAV 19.2a
• The Libero players jersey must contrast
  in color with that of the predominant colors of
  the jerseys of the other team members . Color
  combinations such as purple/black, dark green
  /black, navy/maroon and white/light yellow are
  NOT distinctive enough to comply with the rules.
• USAV Rule 26.2.2.1
• In addition to recording the details of
  the Libero replacements , the assistant scorer
  records all the substitutions.
• USAV Rule 26.2.2.4
• It is recommended that someone other
  than the assistant scorer operate the visual
  scoreboard.

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Review 07-08 Biggies

• Rule 11.1.2 A player is not permitted to pass
  hand(s) beyond the net inside the antennas and
  contact the ball over the opponents court
• What this means to you.
• If a player (setter) reaches over the net or
  into the plane to bring a ball back to his/her
  side of the net and his/her hand passes beyond
  the plane of the net, then it is reaching over,
  signal number 23 (page 81).

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Review 07-08 Biggies

• Rule 24.3.2.7 R2 responsibilities now include
  deciding, whistling and signaling the ball that
  crosses the net totally or partially outside the
  crossing space to the opponent court or contacts
  the antenna on his/her side of the court.
• What this means to you.
• The R2 whistles and signals if there is a fault
  outside the antenna on his/her side of the court

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Review 07-08 Biggies

• Rule 9 The ball may be retrieved from beyond
  the free zone when the surface change is 1.25 cm
  (1/2 inch) or less and the area is free of
  obstructions. The secondary surface must be lower
  (Added 06-07)
• What this means to you.
• 04-05 you could not retrieve a ball that was not
  on the same level as the playing surface (sport
  court). This year you can retrieve a ball off the
  sport court if it is free of obstructions. (99of
  sport courts are NOT free of obstructions)

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Review 07-08 Biggies

• Rule 19.3.3.1 The injured Libero may not
  re-enter to play for the remainder of the set.
• What this means to you.
• If the Libero is injured and is re-designated
  he/she cannot re-enter for the remainder of the
  set.

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Review 07-08 Biggies

• Rule 24.3.2.4 The R2 decides, whistles and
  signals the attack hit faults of the Libero and
  back-row players.
• What this means to you.
• The R2 will now whistle the fault instead of
  just signaling the fault to the R1.

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What are our duties? What do we need to get
started?
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What MUST You Do As a Referee?

• Initiate, stop, explain play
• Starting a rally
• Stopping a rally
• Whistle, signal outcome, signal violation,
  indicate player if necessary
• Facilitate the match
• Call what you see
• Know the rules and apply them fairly
• Remain in touch with the game

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What Are Our Duties?

• Playing officials
• Be ready to officiate immediately when scheduled
• It is your responsibility to keep the matches
  running on schedule
• Conduct the match per the tournament format
• With partner if applicable, introduce yourselves
  to coaches / captains, spending minimal but equal
  time with both
• Responsibilities begin with arrival courtside

• Paid or Non-playing officials
• Arrive at least 20 minutes prior to start time
• Locate event manager or tournament director
• Determine format and protocols
• With partner if applicable, introduce yourselves
  to coaches / captains, spending minimal but equal
  time with both
• Responsibilities begin with arrival courtside

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Referee Equipment Everyone needs the following
before you officiate

• Whistle with lanyard (2 recommended)
• Watch (with second hand or timer)
• Yellow and Red Cards
• Coin for coin toss
• Domestic Competition Regulations
• (fancy name for the rulebook)
• Optional (required for non player refs)- net
  height measuring device
• Optional (required for non player refs)- ball
  pressure gauge and pump
• Flags for line judges are highly recommended

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Duties First Referee

• Has ultimate authority over the match
• May overrule any other official
• Inspects playing area and equipment
• Conducts coin toss and captains' meeting (may
  request R2 to conduct deciding set coin toss)
• Supervises team warm-ups (may request R2 to time
  each segment)

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Duties First Referee

• Determines serving faults and screening
• Whistles positional faults of the serving team
• Whistles ball handling violations
• Communicates with R2 during match
• Assesses sanctions
• Indicates which team scores points and serves
  next
• Verifies the scoresheet at the end of the match (
  has to verify results and sign).

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Duties Second Referee

• Assists R1
• Verifies lineups for each team before each set
• Mimics all signals of first referee
• Discreetly signals violations blocked from R1's
  view
• Works with scorekeeper and assistant scorekeeper

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Duties Second Referee

• Mechanics
• Focus on receiving team at service
• Transition to blockers' side during rally move
  immediately on contact of pass and quickly
  throughout the rally. Focus Wide ,more narrow,
  close in at play at net.
• After play, step away from post to side of net of
  the team at fault, then mimic first referee
• If R2 whistles the fault, the step must be to the
  side at fault be on the correct side of the pole
  ,then signal fault ,dont reach around.

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Duties Second Referee

• Mechanics
• Scan both benches during dead balls to be
  attentive to timeouts, substitutions or other
  needed communication
• Serve and protect the first referee, especially
  as first response to coaches concerns do not
  delay the match to entertain questions or
  comments regarding judgment decisions. Only the
  head coach may speak to officials.

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Duties Second Referee

• Authorizes and controls timeouts and
  substitutions
• Supervises injury situations
• Verbally and visually notifies coach and R1 of
  second time out used.
• Verbally and visually notifies coach and R1 when
  9th ,10th, 11th, and 12th substitutions are used.
• Whistles player contact with the net and antennas
  (on both the R1 and R2 side of the court)

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Duties Second Referee

• Whistles player contact with any portion of the
  net in accordance with Rule 11.3.1
• Whistles antennas on R2s side of court may also
  assist first referee with a ball crossing behind
  the first referee
• Whistles center line violations
• Whistles positional faults of the receiving team
• Whistles back row player faults (signal to R1
  first) and only if instructed by R1 in pre match.
  

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Duties Second Referee

• Whistles a ball contacting the floor (signal to
  R1 first) and only if instructed by R1 in pre
  match
• When the R2 is certain that a ball had contacted
  the floor (i.e., pancake play), indicate this
  to the first referee
• If the R1 has not seen the ball hit the floor and
  has not seen the R2s help, the R2 may blow the
  whistle
• Stops play for balls crossing the net outside the
  R2s antenna (Pursuit Rule implications)
• Stops play when a ball contacts an
  object/equipment outside the antenna
• Communicates with first referee during match

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What Do We Need To Get Started?

• Game balls check all must be uniform, light
  color or a combination of colors and inflated to
  4.26 to 4.61 psi
• Net check height tautness exposed tensioning
  devices posts/supports and padding antennas
  vertical tape markers (if used)
• Referee stand safe and padded
• Scoreboard or flip score
• Timing device

35
Things to Check Meetings, Meetings,
Meetings Before the Match
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Things to Check

• Facility Court Inspection
• Service zone Are sideline extensions present
  to define the service area?
• Are attack lines extended?
• Overhead obstructions
• Playing vs.. non-playing areas
• Adjacent courts?
• Pursuit?
• Sport Court or other portable surface?
• Safety issues?
• Location of spectators?

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Things to Check

• Player uniforms (Except for the Libero)
• Matching shirts/jerseys and shorts
• Differing manufacturer logos are permitted
• Sleeve length may vary (short vs.. long)
  sleeveless shirts or tank tops not considered
  matching unless the entire team wears them.
• Exposed undergarments must be the same(if worn by
  more than 1 player, except Libero)
• Number placement and visibility center placement
  on the front and back of the jersey is required
  - 4 front 6 back. The larger 6F 8B is still
  recommended if the size of the jersey allows
• A player not in legal uniform is not permitted to
  play
• A player not on the roster is not permitted to
  play.

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Things to Check

• The Libero uniform
• Jersey contrasting in color from the rest of the
  team members and height of the number may differ
  from other team members
• Re-designated Libero uniform.
• allow time to change uniform if quick.
• Differing shorts is permitted

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Things to Check

• Player equipment
• Splints, braces
• NO CASTS. Others allowed on hand or arm provided
  it does not give the player an artificial
  advantage or pose risk of injury may need to be
  covered or padded
• Medical devices (insulin pumps, etc.)
• Permitted provided such a device poses no risk of
  injury to player or other participants cannot
  give artificial advantage

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Things to Check

• Warm-up Procedures
• First referee must supervise the warm-ups
• All Florida region Events 2 shared pepper -4
  Serving team -4 Receiving team
• May request R2 to time the segments
• Ensure safety
• Observe skill level of teams
• Review teams for jewelry and uniform/equipment
  legality
• Verify Libero jersey contrast

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Meetings, Meetings, Meetings

• Captains meeting
• Introductions
• Ground rules, gym specific
• Warm-up protocol All Florida Region Events2
  shared pepper -4 Serving team -4 Receiving team
  (see page 156)
• Jewelry, single flat band ring allowable for
  adult competition only
• R2 input
• Libero replacements substitution procedure
• Answer questions
• Coin toss, serve/receive or choice of court

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Meetings, Meetings, Meetings

• Scorekeeper
• Review scorekeeper duties
• Recording subs, time-outs and sanctions
• Informing referees of subs, time-outs taken and
  illegal substitutions
• Verify server before each serve
• Ensure lineups are recorded correctly
• End of set/match procedures.

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Meetings, Meetings, Meetings

• Assistant Scorekeeper
• Review assistant scorekeeper duties
• Use of tracking sheet for Libero replacements and
  substitutions
• Handling illegal Libero replacements The number
  before the L must be the same as the player
  returning
• Communication with scorekeeper
• Discuss the procedure for notifying the referees
  of an illegal Libero replacement (after the
  contact of the serve) Treated as an out of
  position.

44
Meetings, Meetings, Meetings

• Line Judges
• Positioning on court
• Prior to match
• The line judge responsible for the line nearest
  to where the ball lands should be making the in
  or out signal
• Either line judge may give touch or antenna
  signals.
• During time-outs (mid-point of endline)
• Between sets (neutral area)
• When server is within 4-5 of line judge (step
  behind server in line with sideline extended) If
  requested may move to side on jump serves to see
  foot faults.

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Meetings, Meetings, Meetings

• Review calls and signals with line judges
• Balls landing in on any part of the line is in,
  flag/hands point to the ground
• Balls landing out, outside of the court or
  touching an object outside the court, flag/hands
  held high
• Foot faults by the server point to line and wave
  flag
• Foot faults by players outside the court lines
• Touches hand on top of flag hold the signal
• A ball contacting a players long hair is not
  considered a touch of the ball
• Help with pancake digs near the floor

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Meetings, Meetings, Meetings

• Review of Calls and signals (continued)
• Balls crossing over or outside an antenna
• Ball touching an antenna, point wave
• Implications of Pursuit Rule, if being used
• If ball is pursuable no signal
• If ball is retrieved and the return path is
  completely inside the antenna, signal antenna
  fault
• If player pursues a ball which is not pursuable,
  on contact, line judge signals out
• Screened from viewing a play
• Reporting rude remarks or inappropriate behavior
• Review signals (with or without flags)
• Signals should be held long enough to be seen by
  a referee, eye contact to assure signals dont
  get missed.

47
Meetings, Meetings, Meetings

• Referees pre-match communication
• Rule changes
• Ground rules
• Assistance with judgment calls
• How when to signal
• Use of informal signals discuss which signals
  will be used and when you want assistance
• Sanction procedures
• Bench control

48
Meetings, Meetings, Meetings

• Referees pre-match communication
• First referee determines who will conduct the
  deciding set coin toss
• Post-match procedures
• If possible, always conduct a debriefing No
  Toot-n-Scoot
• Include scorekeepers and line judges in the
  post-match debrief when appropriate. Sometimes
  not possible with junior players , give them a
  quick word and let them go to their next match.

49
Time to Referee!
50
Time to Referee!

• Signal teams to end lines or onto court
• Check lineups (R2)
• Make sure both teams are ready. Scan should
  include both LJs, both coaches and your R2.
• Blow your whistle and beckon for serve. Do not
  hold arm out waiting.

51
Decisions At the Serve

• Whistle eight second violation
• Five seconds for 14 Under
• Re-serves not allowed except for
• 14 Under a re-serve is allowed for each
  serve five seconds permitted per attempt
• The ball must be allowed to drop without touching
  the server and a re-serve will be directed.

52
Decisions At the Serve

• Foot faults by the server
• Whistle, Loss of Rally, Point to line
• Served ball contacting antenna or obstruction
• Whistle, Loss of Rally, Out signal
• Served ball contacting net without crossing.
• Whistle, Loss of Rally, Net signal
• Served ball contacting net and crosses.
• Legal play continues
• NOTE No requests after the beckon
• Improper Request if waved off or Team Delay if R2
  blows the whistle.

53
Decisions At the Serve

• Positional Faults
• Only the R1may whistle a positional fault on the
  serving team
• Only the R2 may whistle a positional fault on the
  receiving team.
• Ok to warn on close plays at end of rally.

Legal
54
Decisions At the Serve

• Blocking or attacking the serve
• Attacking is illegal only if ball is attacked
  while the ball is in the front zone and
  completely higher than the top of the net
• Player, other than server, off the court (on the
  line is OK, over the line is a fault)
• A rally begins with the referees whistle and
  beckon
• Play begins with the service contact

55
The Tough Calls - Screening Things to Consider

• Movement of players on serving team
• Separation of players
• Players bending over
• Rule 12.5.1 The players of the serving team must
  not prevent their opponent, through individual or
  collective screening, from seeing the server or
  the flight path of the ball.

Area of possible screen.
Not a screen.
Not a screen.
56
Ending Play

• The play ends with the referee's whistle
• Whistle only the faults the officiating team
  detects
• Always gather (or provide) all necessary
  information. R1 has total authority to take call
  or over rule.
• Good refereeing requires teamwork

57
Ending Play Ball In

• The Ball is in when it lands in the court or on
  the lines
• Ball must cross the net between the antennas
  (Pursuit Rule implications)
• Ball is in if any part touches the line

58
Ending Play Ball Out

• Ball is out of play when it
• Lands completely outside the boundary lines
• Contacts an object or person outside the playing
  area
• Contacts the ceiling or overhead objects above
  opponent's court
• Contacts the ceiling or overhead objects above
  team playing area and crosses into opponent's
  court
• Contacts an antenna, or any part of the net
  system outside the antenna

59
Ending Play Ball Out

• Ball is out of play when it
• Completely crosses the plane of the net outside
  the antenna (Pursuit Rule implications)
• Contacts any object over non-playing areas.

60
The Tough Calls
61
The Tough Calls Sets

• Ball handling (overhand)
• Double hits
• Allowed on any first contact
• Caught or thrown
• One-handed sets
• Use same judgment as two-handed set
• Judge contact, not technique
• Over-control vs. under control
• Over control results in a caught and/or thrown
  ball.
• Under control may result in a double (or
  multiple) contact not allowed on a second or
  third team hit

62
The Tough Calls Passes or Digs

• Multiple contacts allowed on first team contact
• Illegal multiple contacts
• Two separate plays on the ball
• Contact with the ball made only by hair is
  ignored not a touch
• Caught or thrown ball. Ball must be CAUGHT or
  THROWN.
• Digs out of the net consistency with other
  calls
• Judge contact, not technique or body position

63
The Tough Calls Tips and Dumps

• Duration of contact
• Same latitude as sets
• Direction of the ball before and after contact
• Caught/thrown ball
• Judge contact, not technique
• A one-handed power tip may result in a thrown
  ball. The first referee must recognize the fine
  line between an aggressive, athletic play and a
  thrown ball.

64
The Tough Calls Attacking

• Judge point of contact in relationship to the
  rest of the body
• Contact of ball must be made above that players
  own playing space reaching beyond net to save
  a ball is illegal if contact is made with ball
  above opponents playing space
• NOTE This is a rule change (Rule 11.1.2). This
  does not impact current blocking rules those
  will be applied as in past years. It also does
  not apply to a players follow-through after
  attacking or blocking a ball.
• Evaluate duration of contact
• Judge contact, not technique

65
The Tough Calls Blocking

• Definition
• Player reaching higher than the top of the net,
  player close to the net, and intercepting a ball
  coming from the opponents court
• If a player is NOT above the net, s/he is NOT a
  blocker
• Duration of contact (may result in a caught and
  thrown ball).
• Directional blocks (may result in a caught and
  thrown ball).
• Trapping the ball against the net (may result in
  a caught and thrown ball).
• Illegal blocker Illegal blockers include back row
  players and the Libero. A block (actual contact
  with the ball while the player is reaching higher
  than the top of the net) of the serve is illegal.
• Ball rolling down the body probably legal A
  ball rolling down the body (during the blocking
  OR OTHER actions) is probably legal since the
  ball has not been caught and/or thrown

66
The Tough Calls Blocking

• Contacting the ball before the hitter If a
  blocker reaches beyond the net and contacts a
  ball before or simultaneously with the attacker,
  the result is reaching beyond the net, i.e.,
  reaching over.
• Reaching beyond the net when is it allowed?
  Reaching beyond the net while blocking is legal
  if the opponent has completed an attack hit, or
  the ball is falling near the net and in the R1s
  judgment no player on the opposing team could
  make a play on the ball.
• Collective blocks only players who meet the
  definition of a blocker (player reaching higher
  than the top of the net) can be considered part
  of a collective block
• Non-blocking, back row setter in the area of the
  block may be 1st team hit or a block

67
The Tough Calls - Collective Block 1
Whos a blocker? Whos Not?
All players in collective block higher than top
of net
Block
Block
No block
68
The Tough Calls - Collective Block 2
Contact by qualified blocker?
No block
No block
No block
1st Team Contact!
69
The Tough Calls Four Hits

• Watch closely for blocking team contact after
  third team hit
• Determine if part of the ball has touched the
  block along with the net
• If third hit is not contacted by the block and
  ball is contacted again by the attacker, two
  hits" is called if the attackers teammate
  contacts the ball, four hits is called. This is
  a FIVB/USAV specific technique.
• LJs DO NOT assist in making this call

70
The Tough Calls BR Attacks/Blocks

• Key Attackers foot/feet position in relation to
  the attack line
• Position of ball above or (partly) below the top
  of the net as a factor for back row attacks
• Position of player above or below the top of the
  net as a factor for back row blocks
• Ball legally blocked back into an attacker
• Block if player is above height of net, 1st team
  contact if they are below net height
• Ball legally blocked back into a setter trying to
  retrieve it from near the plane of the net
• If the back row player (setter) is reaching
  higher than the top of the net, an illegal block
  (back row) is called.
• Simultaneous contact of a ball in the plane of
  the net by a back row player (setter) and an
  legal opposing player
• Illegal block (back row) by the back row player
  if that player is reaching higher than the top of
  the net.

71
The Tough Calls - Back Row Attack
Not OK
Top of net
OK
On/in front
Attack line
72
The Tough Calls - Backrow Blocker

• Near the net
• Intercept ball from other side
• Part of body above height of net

Illegal
1st contact
73
More Decisions
74
Pursuit Rule What is Legal? 1
External Space
Side line
Net Plane
Fully or partially outside antenna
Legal Play Continues!
First contact
Third contact
75
Pursuit Rule What is Legal? 2
External Space
Side line
Net Plane
Fully or partially outside antenna
Illegal Play Loss of Rally!
First contact
Third contact
76
Pursuit Rule What is Legal? 3
External Space
Side line
Second contact
Net Plane
The ball did not cross Fully or partially outside
antenna
Illegal Play Loss of Rally!
First contact
77
More Decisions Net Play

• Net driven into player
• When the net is forced into a player, any
  resulting net contact is not a fault of that
  player.
• Contact with the net is not a fault unless the
  player is in the action of playing the ball or
  such contact interferes with play contacting the
  ball is not a requirement to be considered
  playing the ball
• Contact with antenna by player (illegal)
• Contact with net supports by player (legal)
  unless you use them to aid in the playing of the
  ball.
• Intentionally blocking through the net
• If a player initiates contact with the net using
  motion, it is a fault .Net violation is called.

78
More Decisions Center Line

• Hand or foot on or above center line (legal)
• Hands or feet completely over the line, or other
  body parts in contact with opponents court
  (illegal)
• Crossing under the net outside the sideline
  (including Pursuit Rule implications) legal
• Interference with the opposing team
• Penetration under the plane of the net without
  contacting the floor

79
Foot on line legal
80
Foot sideways on line - legal
81
Foot above line - legal
82
Foot completely over illegal
83
Hand partially over legal
84
Hand partially over legal
85
Hand completely over illegal
86
Crossing Completely Outside Court legal
Touching Opponents Court While Crossing Illegal
87
More Decisions Possible Play-over

• Potential play-over situations The referee must
  decide if the outcome of a rally was changed due
  to
• Inadvertent whistles
• Play ends and ball is out of play
• Referee makes a ruling not penalizing either team
  
• Objects less than 2m (66) from the court
  interfering with ability to play the ball
• Ball contacts overhead object less than 4.6m
  (15) above playing area (automatic dead ball)
  basketball goals, heaters
• Ball contacts a person (line judge, spectator) in
  free zone during legal attempt to play the ball
• If these factors did not affect the outcome of a
  rally then the referee will award the appropriate
  loss of rally (not a play-over)

88
More Decisions Possible Play-over

• Ball comes to rest on an overhead object above
  team's playing area and is still playable
• Simultaneous faults
• Joust play is legal
• Object coming onto the court and interfering with
  play
• Play is stopped due to injury anywhere on court
  or free zone. Replay is directed.

89
More Decisions Whistles

• Simultaneous whistles that occur just as whistle
  for serve is blown
• R1 determines which occurred first
• Either allow request or access improper request
• Simultaneous whistles that occur to end a play
• R1 determines which fault occurred first
• If R1 cannot decide which whistle occurred first,
  award a play-over if the faults are on opposing
  sides. i.e. double net

90
Subs, Libero, Injuries, TO's Blood
91
Substitutions

• Unlimited player entries
• Twelve (12) substitutions per team, plus
  unlimited Libero replacements
• Re-entry into the set must be in the same
  position
• Legal multiple players in the same position.
• Illegal players in multiple positions.
• Substitutions occur between center line and
  attack line

92
Substitutions

• Requested only by the head coach or captain
• Location of coach(es) and substitutes
• Substitute entering the sub zone constitutes a
  request
• Players must wait until authorized by the R2 to
  enter the set
• For multiple substitutions by the same team, each
  substitute must enter the substitution zone
  successively, one at a time
• Subs may leave bench/warm-up area for medical
  reasons coach/captain must make every effort to
  notify referees of the departure

93
Substitution R2 Mechanics

• Substitution procedure
• Administer the substitution from the normal work
  area of the R2 in a location that allows the
  scorekeeper to clearly view the players involved
  in the substitution
• In-coming and out-going subs meet within the
  substitution zone (in succession, one sub at a
  time for multiple subs by same team) and must see
  the authorization to enter signal from the R2
  prior to entering Authorize each sub to enter
  individually

94
Substitution R2 Mechanics

• Substitution procedure
• When administering simultaneous substitution
  requests from both teams, whistle each teams
  request
• After releasing substitutes, repeat substitute
  numbers to SK as needed
• Signal to R1 to indicate that play may begin,
  i.e., ready signal.
• Be sure that scorekeeper is ready before signal

95
Substitution procedure (one sub)
SCOREKEEPER TABLE
BENCH
BENCH
95
96
Substitution procedure (multiple subs)
SCOREKEEPER TABLE
BENCH
BENCH
The first sub enters the sub zone while the
second sub waits outside the sub zone
The first sub is authorized
The second sub enters the sub zone
This sub request is complete and play continues
The second sub is authorized
96
97
Libero Adminstration

• Libero number on the lineup sheet at the
  beginning of each set
• If no Libero is listed for a set, it is a
  courteous to ask the head coach if a Libero will
  be used during the set
• Libero may not serve as team or set captain

98
Libero Replacement of Players

• Libero replacement of players
• The Libero may replace any back row player
• Replacements are unlimited, but one rally must
  occur between replacements a rally includes
• A legally contacted serve, even if the result of
  this rally is a play-over.
• Any action that results in a point for either
  team (i.e., a sanction or wrong server)

99
Libero Replacement of Players

• Libero must be replaced by player whom the Libero
  replaced (the replacement may then be substituted
  before the next play begins)
• Replacements take place when the ball is out of
  play
• Replacement location
• Replacements must occur over the team bench
  sideline between the attack line and the end line
• Late replacements (after beckon but before
  service contact)
• A late Libero replacement (after the whistle for
  service but before the service contact) will
  result in a verbal warning to the team captain at
  the end of that rally.
• The service in progress will not be stopped.
• Subsequent late replacements by the same team may
  result in a team delay sanction.
• In the case of a late replacement, the referees
  must be certain that a positional fault does not
  occur when the serve is contacted

100
LIBERO REPLACEMENTS IN GREEN AREA
SCOREKEEPER TABLE
BENCH
BENCH
100
101
Libero Playing Actions

• Back row player only
• May not complete an attack hit when the ball is
  entirely above the top of the net from anywhere
  on the court
• May not block, attempt to block or serve
• A Liberos teammate may not complete a attack hit
  from higher than the top of the net from an
  overhand finger pass by the Libero who is in
  front of or on the attack line

102
Libero Injury Re-designation

• Injured Libero must first be replaced by the
  player s/he replaced
• Re-designation does not have to happen
  immediately, but can occur at coachs discretion
• Re-designated Libero may be any substitute
  (players not in set at time of re-designation)
• Injured Libero may not return to the match once
  re-designation occurs

103
Timeouts

• Requested only by the head coach or captain
• Location of coach the coach must be near the
  substitution zone to make a request
• Duration
• 30 seconds no warning whistle
• Two timeouts per team per set
• Third time-out request is an improper request (or
  team delay if improper request has already been
  assessed)

104
TImeouts

• Location of teams during timeout
• Players may remain on court or go to free zone
  near team bench during timeout coaches/subs may
  not enter court
• Referees may direct teams to leave court for
  administrative purposes (mopping, sweeping)
• Administered by R2

105
Injuries

• Stop play immediately, not just on playing area,
  but injury occurring anywhere
• Allow up to 30 seconds for assessment of injury
• If player is not ready to resume play after 30
  seconds, a substitution or timeout must result
• Allow sufficient time for injured player to be
  safely removed from playing area
• No other substitution request may be made until
  injury is resolved

106
Injuries

• Special injury timeout
• Only used when there are no legal substitutions
  available
• Lasts a maximum of three minutes
• Only one special injury timeout allowed per
  player per match
• Regular timeouts may be used in conjunction with
  the injury timeout

107
Injuries

• Priority of who may be an exceptional sub for an
  injured player
• Person who has played in the same position as the
  injured player during that set or any player that
  has not already been in the set
• Any player on the bench regardless of previous
  position played
• Libero
• An injured player replaced by exceptional
  substitution may not return to the match

108
Blood Issues

• Blood issues
• Stop play for blood on equipment
• Stop play for blood on player and/or uniform
• A bleeding player is treated as any other injury
  (30 seconds to resume play) if additional time
  is needed to address blood on equipment or the
  court, that time may be used to enable the
  injured player to return
• Tournament host or trainer cleans up the blood
• Uniform can be changed, no duplicate numbers
  allowed.

109
Protest Did You Say Protest?

• Protest Procedures
• Must be lodged by captain coach may act as
  captain for 14 Under competition
• Time factors criteria for lodging protests
• Only protests of the misinterpretation of a rule,
  failure of the referee to apply the correct rule
  to a given situation, or failure to charge the
  correct sanction/penalty for a given fault shall
  be valid.
• Must be lodged prior to the next authorization
  for service.
• A protest of the last point of a set must be
  lodged within 60 seconds of the interval between
  sets.
• A protest of the last point of a match must be
  lodged before the referees leave the court.
• No penalty for a protest that is not upheld

110
Fans Who Wont Behave

• Crowd control
• Event host or tournament management or arbiter if
  available should resolve
• Send R2 to get the tournament director have them
  handle the situation
• Do not attempt to handle this situation yourself
• You are in charge of the match participants not
  the spectators

111
Sanctions
112
Sanctions Improper Requests

• First improper request in a match is denied
• Signaled with a wave off
• On score sheet, slash the IR, note the team (A or
  B), the set, and the score at the time of the
  improper request
• An improper request is carried over for the match
• Second and subsequent improper requests in a
  match results in a team delay sanction
• A second improper request in a match results in a
  team delay warning (if no TDW has yet been
  assessed)
• A third improper request in a match results in a
  team delay penalty

113
Sanctions Improper Requests

• Examples
• A request during a rally or after the
  authorization for service (denied)
• A request by someone other than the head coach or
  captain (denied)
• A request for a 13th substitution (denied)
• A request for a third timeout (denied)
• A request for a substitution that would result in
  a wrong position entry (denied)

114
Sanctions Team Delays

• First team delay in a match is a team delay
  warning
• Signaled with hand against back of opposite wrist
  
• On scoresheet, slash the D in Warning column,
  note the team (A or B), the set and the score at
  the time of the TDW
• Second and subsequent team delay in a match is a
  team delay penalty
• Signaled with yellow card against back of
  opposite wrist
• On scoresheet, write D in Penalty column, note
  the team (A or B), the set and the score at the
  time of the TDP

115
Sanctions Team Delays

• Examples
• Delay in completing a substitution
• Prolonging a game interruption after either
  referee request play to resume
• Request for illegal substitution
• Second and subsequent improper request in a match
• Delay of game by any team member, such as
• Frequent inquiries regarding the number of
  remaining timeouts or substitutions
• Unnecessary shoe tying or floor wiping

116
Sanctions Individual Warnings

• No further penalty is assessed with the hand
  signal or verbal warning
• Assessed for minor unsporting conduct by
  individual. May include yelling thru net at
  opponents
• R1 may call the player to the stand (This is
  your warning), or may whistle and signal
  (finger wag)
• For a team member on the bench, the R1 may
  whistle and signal (finger wag), or may request
  captain to report the warning to the team member
• Warnings are not recorded on the score sheet and
  have no further consequence

117
Sanctions Individual Yellow Card

• All penalties remain in force for the match
• The team is sanctioned with a loss of rally
  (point for the opponent)
• Penalties assessed for rude behavior include (but
  not limited to)
• Rude, obnoxious behavior or profanity
• Stomping feet, shouting or yelling at opponents
  during play
• Deliberate contact with an opponent

118
Sanctions Individual Yellow Card

• A penalty does not require a previous warning
• A referee may not give two individual penalties
  to the same team member in the same match
• Yellow card is held in the hand on the side of
  the net of the offending individual

119
Sanctions Individual Yellow Card

• For a player on the court, the R1 must call the
  player to the stand and say, This penalty is for
  you for unsporting behavior
• For a team member on the bench, the R1 must call
  the captain to the stand, inform him/her of the
  sanction, and ask the captain to report the
  sanction to the team member. The team member must
  stand and raise a hand to acknowledge the
  sanction.
• On the score sheet, enter the players number (or
  appropriate code letter for other team members)
  in the Penalty column, note the team (A or B),
  the set, and the score at the time of the penalty

120
Sanctions Red Card (Expulsion)

• Assessed for a second act of rude behavior or
  first act of offensive conduct in a match does
  not require previous warning or penalty
• No other penalty is assessed at the time of
  expulsion
• Offensive conduct includes (but not limited to)
• Offensive conduct
• Defamatory or obscene words, insulting gestures
  or comments

121
Sanctions Red Card (Expulsion)

• For a player on the court, the R1 must call the
  player to the stand and say, You are expelled
  for offensive conduct
• For a team member on the bench, the R1 must call
  the captain to the stand, inform him/her of the
  expulsion, and ask the captain to report the
  expulsion to the team member. The team member
  must go to the Penalty Area.
• If no Penalty Area, expelled players or subs
  remain seated on the bench other team members
  (coaches, etc.) must leave the playing, bench and
  warm-up areas for the remainder of the set.
  Expelled team members are subject to further
  sanction.
• An expulsion is recorded in the Comments section.

122
Sanctions Red Yellow Cards (Disqualification)

• Assessed for a repeated act of offensive conduct
  or a first act of aggression in a match does not
  require previous warning, penalty or expulsion
• No other penalty is assessed at the time of
  expulsion
• The individual is disqualified from the remainder
  of the match
• Aggressive conduct includes (but not limited to)
• Intended aggression
• Physical attack

123
Sanctions Red Yellow Cards (Disqualification)

• Location of disqualified team member
• Must leave the playing area, bench and warm-up
  areas, and spectator areas (as a minimum)
• A disqualification is noted in the Comments
  section of the scoresheet as
• DQ or Disqualification, the individuals
  number (or coach, asst coach, etc.), the team
  (A or B), the set and the score at the time of
  the disqualification

124
Sanctions General Rules

• Only the R1 may issue sanctions the R2 may
  request a sanction from the R1
• A player on the court must approach the stand to
  acknowledge a sanction
• The captain must approach the stand when
  requested to acknowledge a sanction given to a
  team member on the bench
• Individual sanctions do not requires a previous
  warning or sanction
• Warnings can be issued after a sanction has been
  given to a player warning-IYC- warning warning
  
• All sanctions are in force for the duration of
  the match, including team delays

125
Sanctions
Misconduct (individual)
DQ Aggressive
Penalty Rude
Expulsion Offensive
side out
leave match
leave set
no point / no side out
126
End of Set/Match Procedures
127
End of Set/Match Procedures

• Players do not go to end line if there is another
  set to be played a whistle and the signal to
  change courts is given immediately after
  signaling end of set
• Players go to their team bench during the coin
  toss for a deciding set
• Players change courts without delay at eight
  points in a deciding set, or thirteen if the set
  is to be played to twenty-five points
• Players to end line at end of match

128
Delivering the Message
129
Hand Signals

• Clear, visible