Colonization to the Revolution

1
Colonization to the Revolution

• A Brief overview

2
Colonization

• After Columbus in 1492 - many attempts at
  colonies
• Sir Walter Raleigh last colony of 1587
• 1607 -Jamestown- goal to obtain gold
• A. Swampy, malaria, polluted h2o, council failed,
  no new recruits.
• B. John Smith- leader until mutiny a new voyage
• C. 1609 - starving time - 50 out of 1000 survive
• D. Gov. Gates - John Rolfes made a hybrid of
  Tobacco that ultimately gave the Chesapeake an
  economy

3
Colonization

• The Puritans -Calvinists
• The Pilgrims (Puritan Separatists) -landed and
  settled at Plymouth.
• Politics -Mayflower Compact
• Economic -furs
• Problems (no room new comers, next generation,
  dissenters)

4
Colonization

• Quakers -rebels from England -1660s
• Britain flexes its muscle 1650 Navigation Laws
  Great Britains hold of Colonial Trade,
  Mercantilism export imports
• Slavery -Triangle trade
• 1670 Royal African co.
• Slave codes
• Resistance

5
Colonies

• New England
• Strict Puritan ethic and culture.
• No room for dissent.
• Strong economy fishing, lumber ship building,
  trade, wood
• Family atmosphere!! Community strength
• Minister was the leader, they were elected for
  raising taxes land distribution.
• Founded Harvard to train ministers.

6
Colonies

• Middle Colonies
• Northern European immigrants (Swedish, Dutch,
  Netherlands, France)
• King Charles gave New Amsterdam to his brother,
  Duke of York.
• King Charles gave Pennsylvania to Penn- religious
  freedom equality.
• Excellent trade lush farm lands.
• Indentured servants- brought to new world to work
  to pay their passage.

7
Colonies

• Southern Colonies
• Tobacco Slavery
• Land hungry gold seekers
• Plantation economy- large farms, slaves, cash
  crops!
• Slavery Racial cast system with no rights.

8
Chapter Six

• Samuel de Champlain becomes the Father of New
  France under the rule of Louis XIV.
• Series of World Wars (Jenkins War)
• Britain shares the Western Hemishpere with Spain
  and France.
• Conflict between France and Britain insert
  Washington here.

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War

• Washingtons action were considered the first
  shots of the French and Indian War (The Seven
  Years War).
• Albany Congress for unity and defense.
• Bulldog Braddock leads some Redcoats and the
  Buckskin to Ohio.
• William Pitt takes control in England and saves
  the colonies with young leaders and an attack on
  Quebec.
• France is thrown off the continent, but Spain and
  the Indians still exist as a threat.
• Proclamation of 1763 by George III. No settlement
  beyond the Appalacians.

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Chapter 7 Discontent through Mercantilism

• 1650- Navigation Laws - restrict trade with
  colonies to GB. Laxly enforced smuggling
• 1733-Molasses Act- Proclamation of 1763-
  mercantilism
• Prime Minister Grenville- 1764 Sugar Act- tax on
  sugar from West Indies.
• 1765- Quartering Act Stamp Tax
• Internal Tax v External Tax Legislature v
  Taxation
• 1765- Stamp Act Congress- 27 delegates from nine
  colonies.

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Discontent

• 1767- Townshend Act- import duty (Tea)
• 1770- Boston Massacre- March 5th - 3 killed and 8
  wounded.
• Sam Addams- Penman of the Revolution- Sons of
  Liberty. Committee of Correspondence- Letter
  writing committee.
• Intolerable Acts Boston Port Act, Town Meeting
  Restrictions, Colonial Rights taken away, Quebec
  Act

12
More Discontent

• 1774- Continental Congress- 55 men, 12 colonies,
  54 days. Declaration of Rights. The Association-
  Boycott
• 1775- Lexington Massacre- 8 Colonials die.
• Great Britain Colonies
• 7.5 million 2.5 million
• Professional Military Buckskins/Militia
• Hessians/Loyalists/Natives Heart and Desire

13
Discontent leads to Freedom

• 1777-78 Valley Forge - Washington and his troops
  maintain in the bitter cold with inadequate
  supplies and resources.
• 1777 - Articles of Confederation adopted by
  Congress. Ratified by States (Maryland) in 1781.
  Firm League of Friendship