Terminal 5, Heathrow

1
Terminal 5, Heathrow
2
The Development
3
The Key Features
4
Arup Involvement
T5A Roof Superstructure Façade advice Floor
Dynamics Wind Analysis Acoustics Communications Se
rvices for fit out
T5B Roof Superstructure Façade advice Wind
Analysis Acoustics Communications
FMU Structure
Energy Centre Lead consultant Structure
Carpark (MSCP5) Superstructure
Rail Station Structure Acoustics
HATCT Lead Consultant (PM) Superstructure Advice
on Lift Design Acoustics (services) Facades ATG
(dynamics) Wind
T5C Structural Design
5
T5A Roof
6
3 Parts to this presentation

• Construction Sequence and Staged Analysis
• Splice Design and 2D Analysis
• Buckling P-Delta using GSA

7
The Construction Sequence
8
(No Transcript)
9
(No Transcript)
10
(No Transcript)
11
(No Transcript)
12
(No Transcript)
13
(No Transcript)
14
(No Transcript)
15
(No Transcript)
16
(No Transcript)
17
(No Transcript)
18
(No Transcript)
19
(No Transcript)
20
(No Transcript)
21
(No Transcript)
22
(No Transcript)
23
(No Transcript)
24
(No Transcript)
25
(No Transcript)
26
(No Transcript)
27
(No Transcript)
28
(No Transcript)
29
(No Transcript)
30
(No Transcript)
31
(No Transcript)
32
(No Transcript)
33
(No Transcript)
34
(No Transcript)
35
(No Transcript)
36
(No Transcript)
37
GSA Staged Analysis
38
Stage Analysis

• Models the different stages in construction
• Allows constraints, temporary props/members and
  construction load cases to be applied
• Realistic representation of the actual loads
  applied to the structure during construction

39
Dead Load
Deflected Shape
Bending Moment
40
Prestress
Deflected Shape
Bending Moment
41
Dead Load Prestress
Deflected Shape
Bending Moment
42
Final
Deflected Shape
Bending Moment
43
Splice Connections
44
Splice Cross Section
45
(No Transcript)
46
GSA 2D Elements Analysis
Axial Force
Deflected Shape
47
End Plate Stress
yy stress
xx stress
von Mises
48
Bolts

• Bolts pick up load in response to rotation about
  the neutral axis and the local bending deflection
  of the plate

49
Buckling and P-Delta
50
Geometric Stiffness
51
Negative Geometric Stiffness
52
Negative Geometric Stiffness
Elastic Stiffness
Geometric Stiffness
53
Elastic Critical Load
Ncr Euler Buckling Load
?crit gt 10 not significant ?crit 1 already
collapsed
54
Two Main Effects
1. Response to other loads is increased (p-Delta
effect)
2. Response to imperfections in the structure is
increased
55
Response to imperfections
56
Buckling Modes from GSA
GSA Model
Buckling Modes
57
Relating GSA to 5950
Buckling Modes
Imperfection x0 from 5950
58
Moments for section checks
GSA Moments
Multiply by qi
59
Final Section Check
Check local capacity of section for
Axial (and other) forces from analysis of direct
loads
Bending (and other) forces from buckling analysis
multiplied by qi

60
Eigensolution
Elastic Stiffness Matrix
Geometric Stiffness Matrix
Mode shapes
?crit values
61
An example
62
Mode 1
63
Other Modes
64
What you actually do

• Model in GSA and apply ultimate loads.
• Run Pd analysis for each combination.
• Run Buckling analysis for critical
  combination(s).
• Calculate qi for each significant mode.
• Create combinations of Pd qi x mode.
• Do local capacity checks.

65
Hints and tips

• You need lots of nodes.
• Under estimate stiffnesses and restraints.
• Open sections dont model torsion well.
• Use for concrete (different qi).
• Use to check if restraint stiffness OK.
• Dont use for simple construction.
• Dont try to use instead of NHL.
• The method is very non linear.
• Ties , Struts, 2D elements, Link elements, Rigid
  constraints, Joints and Staged analysis dont
  work yet.

66
(No Transcript)
67
(No Transcript)
68
(No Transcript)